Effects of Compound Plant Nutrients on Rumen Fermentation Parameters,Rumen Microbiota and Fatty Acid Composition of Longissimus dorsi Muscle in Finishing Small Tail Han Sheep北大核心CSCD

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of compound p1ant nutrients (CPN) on rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microbiota and fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e in finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep. Sixteen 4-month-o1d finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep with an initia1 body weight (BW) of (24.18±0.31) kg were random1y divided into two groups, name1y, with 8 rep1icates per group and 1 sheep per rep1icate. The sheep in the contro1 group were fed a basa1 diet, whereas the sheep of the contro1 group (CPN group) was fed the basa1 diet supp1ementation with 3‰ CPN. The experiment 1asted for 97 days after 7 days adaption. The resu1ts showed as fo11ows: compared with the contro1 group, 1) adding CPN decreased the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (P<0.05); 2) CPN supp1ementation affected beta diversity of rumen microbiota; 3) the re1ative abundance of Acidobacteriota, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Lactobacillus, and Megasphaera were enhanced by adding CPN (P<0.05), whereas, the re1ative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Prevotella was 1ower (P<0.05); 4) the supp1ementation of CPN had no significant effect on fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep (P>0.05); 5) the contents of tota1 MUFA, C18:1n9c, C14:1, C16:1, C18:2n6c, C18:3n3 and n-3PUFA in the longissimus dorsi musc1e were corre1ated with the re1ative abundance of Megasphaera, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Succiniclasticum and Ruminococcus (P<0.05). In conc1usion, CPN can regu1ate the rumen microbiota structure and reduce the rumen NH3-N concentration of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep. In production practice, CPN can be used as a rumen eco1ogica1 regu1ator. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

50～75日龄番鸭日粮限制性氨基酸水平研究

本试验旨在研究日粮不同赖氨酸粗蛋白质比例和蛋氨酸(含硫氨基酸)赖氨酸比例对50~75日龄番鸭生产性能、血清生化指标和肌肉品质的影响。试验选用1440只健康50日龄番鸭,随机分为9组,每组4个重复,每重复40只鸭,饲喂9种不同赖氨酸粗蛋白质比例(Lys/CP)(分别为5%、5.5%、6%)和蛋氨酸(含硫氨基酸)赖氨酸比例(Me(SAA)t/Lys)(分别为35%(75%)、40%(80%)、45%(85%))的玉米-豆粕型日粮。试验结束时,进行称重,每个重复挑选2只接近平均体重的番鸭进行采血和屠宰。结果显示:①Lys/CP对日均采食量(ADFI)、日均增重(ADG)影响显著,5%和5.5%组显著高于6%组(P<0.05);Me(tSAA)/Lys为40%(80%)的组ADFI显著高于45%(85%)组,40%(80%)组ADG显著高于其他两组,而料肉比显著低于其他两组;②Lys/CP为5%的组血清尿酸和甘油三酯含量显著高于(P<0.05)其他两组;Me(SAA)t/Lys对血清尿酸和甘油三酯含量影响不显著(P>0.05);日粮Lys/CP和Me(tSAA)/Lys对血清甘油三酯含量存在交互作用;③日粮Lys/CP为5.5%的组胸肌干物质(DM)含量显著高于其他两组,粗蛋白质(CP)含量显著高于6%组;Me(tSAA)/Lys为35%(75%)和40%(80%)的组胸肌CP含量显著高于45%(85%)组;日粮Lys/CP和Me(tSAA)/Lys对胸肌DM和CP含量存在交互作用;④日粮Lys/CP为5.5%和6%的组腿肌DM含量显著高于5%组,5.5%组腿肌CP含量显著高于其他两组;Me(tSAA)/Lys为40%(80%)和45%(85%)的组腿肌DM含量显著高于35%(75%)组;日粮Lys/CP和Me(tSAA)/Lys对腿肌DM和CP含量存在交互作用。     

牛肉品质蛋白质组学研究进展

蛋白质组学是后基因组时代出现的一个新研究领域。中国牛肉目前仍需要大量进口,提高牛肉肉品质一直是我国畜牧和食品行业科研工作者尽心研究的一大课题。随着基因组学的发展,从蛋白质水平研究肉品质及形成机理,对提高肉品质有着重要的意义。肌肉主要由水及蛋白质等成分组成,且肌肉的性状以及品质主要就是由蛋白质来表达的。因此,研究牛肉蛋白质组学对认知以及调控牛肉的品质具有重要意义。本文主要对蛋白质组学的研究技术及其在牛肉品质研究中的应用做简要介绍。     

引进肉用绵羊品种的杂交利用研究进展

文章综述了从国外引进优良肉用绵羊品种对国内不同地方绵羊品种杂交改良方面的研究应用情况,重点介绍了萨福克羊、杜泊羊、无角陶赛特羊、美利奴羊、特克塞尔羊等优良绵羊品种与我国不同地方绵羊品种杂交,其杂交后代在生长发育性能、产肉性能、胴体品质等方面的表现,旨在总结中国肉用绵羊的杂交改良工作,为推动中国肉用绵羊杂交改良,提高地方绵羊的生长性能和肉用性能,扩大我国肉羊的生产规模,促进我国畜牧业的健康发展和动物性肉食结构平衡提供借鉴。     

Genetic variation of in vivo muscle glycerol,glycogen, and pigment in Danish purebred pigs

Heritability values of glycerol, glycogen and pigment concentrations measured on muscle biopsy samples from longissimus dorsi obtained from 85?kg boars of Danish purebred pigs (Landrace, Yorkshire, and Duroc) and their genetic correlations to performance and meat quality traits were calculated. The heritability values of glycogen, pigment, and glycerol were 0.38±0.02, 0.17±0.02, and 0.065±0.016, respectively. Glycogen was negatively related to the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (r _g =?0.25±0.06) and ultimate meat pH (r _g =?0.41±0.04), and positively to the carcass meat percentage (r _g =0.35±0.04), L* (lightness of meat, r _g =0.32±0.04) and a* (redness of meat, r _g =0.12±0.03). Pigment was positively related to the FCR (r _g =0.12±0.05), the meat percentage (r _g =0.28±0.05), and a* (r _g =0.59±0.04), and negatively to the L* (r _g =?0.46±0.06). The concentrations of pigment and glycogen (r _g =0.27±0.05) were interrelated. Based on the heritability values and the signs of the genetic correlations the present data suggest that it is possible to select for higher ultimate pH and improved colour by selection for either lower muscle glycogen or higher pigment concentration, respectively. However, the positive genetic correlation between these two traits may restrict the efficiency of simultaneous selection for lower glycogen and higher pigment. All genetic parameter estimates presented are calculated across three purebreds. Values for each breed are warranted for use in pig production. However, this requires more animals per breed.     

宰前运输对肥育猪胴体、内脏及肉质的影响

本试验对 1 0头宰前运输应激的大长淮 (大白×长白×淮猪 )肥育猪 (试验组 )和5头宰前无应激的大长淮肥育猪 (对照组 )作了胴体、内脏及肉质测定。试验组与对照组在胴体性状和内脏重量 (心脏除外 )方面无显著差异。应激组和对照组的肌肉 p Hu和肉色评分分别为 5.50 ,2 .2 5和 5.88,3 .0 0 ,差异显著 (P<0 .0 1 )。试验组肉质有下降趋势。     

不同饲养制度和方式对银香鸡肉用性状的影响

用不同饲养方式和制度管理银香鸡。结果，在饲养期中的舍饲鸡的饲料报酬高；放出运动鸡的鸡肉味道较好。本研究三种制度中，以前期(1～45d)圈养、后期(46～100d)放出运动综合效果相对较好。     

Effect of dietary methionine on growth performance and insulin‐like growth factor‐I mRNA expression of growing meat rabbits

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different amounts of dietary methionine on growth performance, serum protein, growth hormone (GH), insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) concentrations and IGF‐I mRNA expression of growing meat rabbits. One hundred weaned growing meat rabbits were allocated to individual cages and randomly divided into five groups. The methionine addition concentrations of the five groups were 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g/kg diet (as‐fed basis) and sulphur amino acids (SAA) concentrations ranging from 3.8 to 11.6 g/kg diet, respectively. The results obtained were as follows: the average daily gain of 2, 4 and 6 g/kg diet groups was higher than that of 0 g/kg diet group (p < 0.01). The feed gain ratio of the 4 g/kg diet group was lower than those of 0 and 8 g/kg diet group (p < 0.01). Methionine concentrations did not affect serum urea nitrogen, total protein, insulin and IGF‐I concentration (p > 0.05). The quadratic effects of methionine on the serum concentration of albumin (Alb) and GH were obtained (p = 0.013, p = 0.018). The quadratic effect of methionine amount on IGF‐I mRNA expression was obtained (p = 0.045). The serum concentration of Alb of the 4 g/kg diet group was higher than those of 0 and 8 g/kg diet group (p < 0.01). The serum concentration of GH of 8 g/kg diet group was higher than that of the 0 g/kg diet group (p < 0.05). The liver IGF‐I mRNA expression of 4 g/kg diet group was higher than those of the 0 and 8 g/kg diet group (p < 0.05). Providing a diet mainly consisted of corn, wheat bran and peanut vine, the optimum dietary methionine addition concentration and SAA concentration for a weaner to 2‐month‐old growing meat rabbits were shown to be 2 and 5.7 g/kg diet respectively.