从长期继代培养的胡萝卜愈伤组织原生质体获得再生小植株

从继代3年以上的胡萝卜(Daucus carota var.sativa Dc.)非胚性愈伤组织酶解分离出大量成活的原生质体,在 DPD、V—KM 和 C81V 培养基中液体浅层培养,获得微愈伤组织后,在固体 N_6和 MS 培养基上分化培养,获得再生小植株。证明长期继代培养的胡萝卜愈伤组织仍具有再生植株的能力。     

In vitro antioxidant activity of callus culture of carrot （Daucus carom）

Carrot （Daucus carom） is a valuable source of health promoting ingredients such as anthocyanin, carotenes, phenolic compounds etc. These substances are important to man as a source of pharmaceuticals, fragrance, agrochemicals as well as food additives and used for prevention of many chronic diseases. Since these activities may be correlated with the presence of antioxidant compounds, extract of carrot and carrot callus were evaluated for their anthocyanin, flavonoids and total phenolic content as well as total antioxidant activity. Anthocyanin content was measured by spectrophotometric method. Total phenols and flavonoids were analyzed according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method and total antioxidant activity was assessed by ferric reducing/antioxidant power （FRAP） assay. Anthocyanin, flavonoids and total phenolic content were estimated to be 9.36 mg%, 46.96 mg% and 57.01 mg% for callus and 6.82 mg%, 32.96 mg% and 42.69 mg% for carrot, respectively, on fresh weight basis. The total antioxidant activity for the callus and carrot was found to be 51.13 mg, 118.77 mg, 91.08 mg and 140.08 mg equivalent and 79.40 mg, 184.44 mg, 141.43 mg and 217.52 mg equivalent to gallic acid, vitamin C, butylated hydroxyanisole （BHA） and trolox, respectively, when expressed per 100 g on fresh weight basis. The antioxidant activity of fresh carrot was found to be higher compared to its callus.     

胡萝卜抗HgCl_2变异细胞系的筛选

利用胡萝卜下胚轴愈伤组织 ,以HgCl2 为选择剂 ,通过多步正筛选法 ,获得了抗性变异细胞系 .抗性鉴定结果表明 ,在不同HgCl2 浓度的培养基上 ,抗性系的愈伤组织存活率和鲜质量增殖率均明显高过亲本系 ,抗性系的细胞膜透性也发生了变化 .对抗性系和亲本系愈伤组织进行再分化的结果表明 ,在连续 3～ 4代的分化培养之后 ,愈伤组织都能再生绿苗 .提出了该项研究在预防和治理重金属污染方面的重要意义 .     

AAS法间接测定植物果胶含量的研究

利用果胶在碱性条件下水解成果胶酸,再以ＣａＣｌ２生成果胶酸钙沉淀。利用原子吸收光谱法（ＡＡＳ法）测定果胶酸钙中Ｃａ的含量,乘以换算系数１２．０７２,从间接测定果胶含量,并与经典重量法比较,结果较理想。ＡＡＳ法与重量法测定结果比值为９４．４％～９６．０％,同时因ＡＡＳ法是以Ｃａ的含量换算其果胶含量,大而避免经典重量法因存在少量蛋白质、草酸,而产生的干扰（使结果偏高）,ＡＡＳ法检出限可达μｇ／ｇ级低含     

Interactions between wild and cultivated carrots (Daucus carota L.) in the Netherlands

Summary An investigation was made into the causes why bolters occur in carrot cultivation. In the first year of cultivation blooming plants are the result of a gene flow from wild to cultivated carrots. Hybridization may occur in areas where cultivated carrots are grown for seed production. Apart from bolters producing inedible roots such hybridization also causes a decline in quality of cultivated carrots in general. Small changes in morphological and phenological characteristics of the wild carrot are due to introgression from the cultivated carrot.     

春小麦、胡萝卜复种栽培技术研究

春小麦下茬复种胡萝卜栽培模式可提高单位面积土地利用率,促进农民增产增收。从品种选择、栽培过程、田间管理和收获几方面介绍春小麦、胡萝卜复种栽培技术的操作要点,以期为该栽培模式的大面积推广应用提供技术支持。     

Dehydration of gluten matrix as a result of dietary fibre addition – A study on model flour with application of FT-IR spectroscopy

Nowadays, consumers demand dietary fibre-enriched products of appropriate taste, texture, smell and appearance. Unfortunately, addition of the dietary fibre supplements to bread significantly reduces its quality which is connected with changes in the structure of gluten proteins. Structural changes as well as changes in the water state of gluten matrix induced by eight dietary fibres were observed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. To facilitate this the difference spectra were calculated by subtraction of the control (gluten only) infrared spectrum from the spectra of gluten-fibre mixtures. The presence of positive bands at ca. 1597 and 1235 cm⁻¹ indicated aggregation of gluten proteins into hydrogen bonded β-sheets. These β-sheets can be formed by other β-sheets, antiparallel-β-sheets, β-turns and/or α-helices. The aggregation is probably induced by partial dehydration of gluten matrix due to competition for water molecules between gluten proteins and fibre polysaccharides. This assumption is confirmed by the presence of the negative band at 3237 cm⁻¹ and decrease in the intensity of the band at 3051 cm⁻¹. These bands are assigned to the weak and strong H-bonds in the gluten matrix, respectively. The results indicated that both weak and strong H-bonds are necessary to dough formation of adequate rheological properties.     

Occurrence of Pythium Ultimum Var. Ultimum in a Greenhouse on Spitsbergen Island, Svalbard

Pythium ultimum var. ultimum was isolated from carrot seedlings with damping off and from soil used for growing the plant in a greenhouse on Spitsbergen Island, Svalbard. The fungus caused severe damping off of carrot, cucumber and tomato seedlings after artificial inoculation. The rDNA internal transcribed spacer sequences of the Svalbard isolate were identical to those of Canadian and Japanese isolates of P. ultimum var. ultimum. The results suggest that the pathogen in the greenhouse on Svalbard was probably introduced from temperate regions through contaminated plants and/or soil imported to the island. This is the first record of P. ultimum var. ultimum within the Arctic zone.     

胡萝卜鱼糕的研制及其品质研究

为改善传统鱼糕的风味,研制出含胡萝卜质量分数为10%的新型鱼糕,并对其持水性、色泽和质构等品质指标进行检测。结果表明,与传统鱼糕相比,胡萝卜鱼糕明度(L)和白度(W)显著减小,红色度(a)和黄色度(b)显著升高,色泽更加鲜艳;硬度、胶黏性、咀嚼性显著降低,更好咀嚼,质感更鲜嫩。