雷州半岛提高糖业综合竞争力的研究

对雷州半岛糖业进行深入、全面的调查,分析其发展的优势与劣势,提出解决问题的措施和方法,为企业提高综合竞争力提出建设性意见,旨在促进雷州半岛糖业的可持续发展。     

福建省甘蔗新品种(2005-2006)区域试验研究

甘蔗新品种区域试验是对甘蔗品种丰产性、稳产性和适应性的一种测试,有利于全面了解甘蔗品种的各方面表现,为甘蔗新品种的示范推广和鉴定(认定)提供科学依据.通过2年(二新一宿)5个地点的区域试验,对5个甘蔗新品种种性进行研究.结果表明:参试的甘蔗新品种中闽糖96-1409,LCP85-384,闽糖93-730,福农93-1103等品种表现出高产、稳产、蔗糖分较高、适应性较广的特点,蔗茎产量均比ROC16增产,与ROC10增产或基本平产,适宜于福建蔗区示范推广.LCP88-1762蔗茎产量比ROC16,ROC10均有一定程度减产,适应性一般,宿根性较差,不适宜在福建蔗区示范推广.     

果蔗不同器官在不同生育期的同工酶聚类相关分析

为了解过氧化物酶(POD)和酯酶(EST)同工酶在果蔗生长中的变化规律,本研究选择不同的取样时期和植株不同器官,对8个果蔗品种利用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺电泳得出的叶片、根组织不同生育时期POD、EST同工酶酶谱进行聚类分析,并检测其相关性。结果表明：（1）不同品种间同工酶谱的遗传相似系数存在差异,特别是外引黑皮果蔗(Badila)与中国地方品种之间存在着一定的遗传差异;（2）不同生育时期叶片或根部的POD同工酶和EST同工酶酶谱的聚类图都存在着差异;（3）叶片中的POD、EST酶谱在各个生育时期均达到极显著相关。说明叶片是这两种酶基因表达的最重要活性部位,因此叶片可以作为同工酶分析较为稳定和适宜的采样部位。     

甘蔗糖蜜发酵合成茁霉多糖及其发酵动力学

为探明以甘蔗糖蜜为原料发酵合成茁霉多糖（Pullulan)的过程,采用Logistic equation模型和Luedekingpiret方程对Pullulan发酵动力学进行了研究,通过研究建立出芽短梗霉MM生长、Pullulan合成和底物(糖蜜)消耗相关的动力学模型参数,阐述Pullulan的动力学特征,结果表明：出芽短梗霉MM发酵进程中前期菌体生长速度较快,72h后生长趋于稳定期,其茁霉多糖的合成随菌体的生长不断上升,到132h时多糖达到最高,为4．078g／L,基于Logistic equmion方程和Luedeking-piret方程,得到了描述发酵过程的动力学模型和模型参数,该模型反映了菌体生长、多糖合成和底物消耗之间的关系,模型的拟合结果与实验值吻合较好,误差小于10％。     

不同施肥处理对果蔗产量、外观品质及经济效益的影响

在广州市番禺区以当地习惯施肥为对照,探讨了不同施肥处理对果蔗产量、外观品质以及经济效益的影响,结果表明:与对照相比,采用氮磷钾配比为1:0.3～0.4:0.8～0.9、每667 m2施氮约46 kg的施肥方法,果蔗的株高、茎粗、有效茎数、单茎重、节数、平均节长以及商品蔗长均有不同程度的增加,果蔗的外观品质得到明显改善,且肥料用量减少、用肥成本降低,经济效益增加。     

11份甘蔗种质蔗汁中微量元素含量的差异

对11份甘蔗种质(ROC22号、YT93–159、DZ09–78、YZ12–1202、YZ11–1122、YZ05–51、YZ11–2629、YZ12–1252、YZ12–1185、YZ12–1301、YZ11–1204)中的铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、硒(Se)进行检测,通过方差和广义遗传力分析发现,甘蔗蔗汁中Fe、Zn和Se平均含量差异较大,且变异广泛,变异系数为21.89%～41.45%;Fe、Zn和Se元素广义遗传力较高,分别达到0.94、0.99和0.94。基于微量元素含量差异对甘蔗种质进行聚类分析发现,11份甘蔗种质可以聚为3类,分别为富Fe种质、富Zn种质和普通种质,其中,富Fe种质包括ROC22号、YZ12–1301和YZ12–1252,蔗汁中的Fe含量显著高于其他种质,平均含量达5.30 mg/kg;富Zn种质包括YZ05–51、YT93–159和YZ11–118,蔗汁中的Zn含量达到3.00 mg/kg;第3类为普通种质,微量元素含量普遍较低。对聚类结果的逐步判别分析发现,各类种质被正确分类的概率均为100%,聚类结果可靠,各个种质均被正确分类。     

Developmental horizons in the pre‐natal development of the Greater cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus)

The Greater cane rat (GCR, Thyronomys swinderianus) is a precocial rodent predominantly found within Africa. Economic and scientific interests have led to several research efforts towards the domestication and better understanding of the biology and development of this rodent. Despite these efforts, information on the pre‐natal development of this rodent is currently lacking. This study characterises distinct developmental milestones including skin pigmentation, emergence and distributions of hairs, calvarium consistency, teeth eruption, development of appendages, sensory organs and external genitalia in the pre‐natal GCR and assesses quantitative body parameters, that is body weight, body and crown–rump lengths across its entire gestation length (gestation days [GDs] 10‐140). Using these external features, we provide baseline reference ontogenetic scales for GCR embryos and fetuses, employable for stage, age and sex estimation of the pre‐natal GCR in future studies. We observed that the first evidence of an embryo was not seen before the end of the first trimester (GD50) and that the late second trimester (GD80‐GD100) marks the transition from embryogenesis to fetogenesis in the GCR. As both events occur at a much later developmental time point when compared to precocial non‐rodents including human, sheep and pig and slightly later when compared to other precocial rodents such as guinea pig, our data provide first indication that the pre‐natal GCR development might be associated with a reproductive delay. Together, this study expands our knowledge of the development and biology of the GCR, which will improve reproductive and breeding management, and native species conservation of this hystricomorph mammal.     

Assessing Feasibility of Growing Sugarcane by a Polythene Bag Culture System for Rapid Multiplication of Seed Cane in Sub-Tropical Climatic Conditions of India

Abstract

The conventional system of sugarcane (Saccharum species complex) planting is inefficient for rapidly multiplying the seed cane of newly released varieties due to a higher seed rate (6.0 t ha-¹) and low germination rate (35?40%). We examined the effect of planting methods on the multiplication rate of seed cane in a field experiment conducted at Lucknow (India) during the 2005?06 and 2006?07 cropping season. Forty- day- old plantlets grown in polythene bags in the nursery using 28,000 single-bud cane pieces per ha area, were transplanted at 45 cm spacing in furrows 90 cm apart and the results were compared with those obtained by the conventional practice of planting three- two - and one- bud cane pieces at the rate of 37,000, 55,500 and 111,000 setts per ha, respectively. The polythene bag culture produced a significantly higher number of shoots and millable canes and a higher seed cane yield as compared with the conventional planting method, which is an advantage for seed cane multiplication. The results further indicated that with almost equal cost of cultivation, the rate of seed cane multiplication was about 35 times by the polythene bag culture method and 8?11 times by the conventional planting method.