宿根性特强甘蔗新品种桂糖29号的选育

桂糖29号(原编号桂糖02-761)是广西甘蔗研究所从崖城94-46X新台糖22号杂交组合后代中选育的最新甘蔗优良品种.该品种表现为萌芽好,分蘖力强,植株较直立紧凑,中茎,有效茎数多,早熟高糖,丰产,宿根性特强.广西区试试验结果,平均蔗茎产量95.7t/h㎡,比CK2(ROC16)增产12.1%,与CK1(ROC22)相近,其中,宿根蔗产蔗量94.0t/h㎡,比CK1和CK2增产10.5%和19.4%;平均蔗糖分15.62%,比CK1和CK2高0.60和0.64个百分点;平均含糖量15.0t/h㎡,比CK1和CK2增产4.2%和17.2%.该品种适应性广,抗寒性明显优于ROC22.该品种于2010年5月通过广西农作物品种审定委员会审定正式命名为桂糖29号.     

果蔗间种菜用大豆的主要性状表现及其相关性分析

在果蔗间种条件下,考察13个菜用大豆的全生育期、株高、主茎节数、主茎分枝数、单株荚数、鲜百粒重、标准荚率、单粒荚率、瘪荚率和单株产量等性状表现,并进行相关性分析。结果表明:不同菜用大豆农艺性状存在差异,其中95C-10、桂鲜豆1号等5个品种单株产量较好;单株产量与主茎节数、单株荚数、标准荚、多粒荚呈显著正相关。因此,在果蔗间种菜用大豆时,要增加产量,应选主茎节数、单株荚数、标准荚和粒数较多的品种。     

国家第四轮甘蔗品种蔗糖产量及稳定性评价

用稳定性参数和高稳系数法对全国第四套甘蔗联合区试种在云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所的蔗糖产量进行综合比较分析。结果表明:不同评价方法之间存在一定的差异。稳定性参数评价的是品种的单一性状,高稳系数法评价的是品种的综合性状,用两种方法对品种进行综合分析,可对品种进行客观的评价。试验中云蔗94/375和桂糖94/119表现优良;赣南95/108、闽糖92/505和粤糖96/244表现较好;云蔗95/128、粤糖91/1102和福农95/1702表现一般;福农96/0616、粤农91/600、桂糖95/53和川引97/1品种表现不佳。     

Assessing Feasibility of Growing Sugarcane by a Polythene Bag Culture System for Rapid Multiplication of Seed Cane in Sub-Tropical Climatic Conditions of India

Abstract

The conventional system of sugarcane (Saccharum species complex) planting is inefficient for rapidly multiplying the seed cane of newly released varieties due to a higher seed rate (6.0 t ha-¹) and low germination rate (35?40%). We examined the effect of planting methods on the multiplication rate of seed cane in a field experiment conducted at Lucknow (India) during the 2005?06 and 2006?07 cropping season. Forty- day- old plantlets grown in polythene bags in the nursery using 28,000 single-bud cane pieces per ha area, were transplanted at 45 cm spacing in furrows 90 cm apart and the results were compared with those obtained by the conventional practice of planting three- two - and one- bud cane pieces at the rate of 37,000, 55,500 and 111,000 setts per ha, respectively. The polythene bag culture produced a significantly higher number of shoots and millable canes and a higher seed cane yield as compared with the conventional planting method, which is an advantage for seed cane multiplication. The results further indicated that with almost equal cost of cultivation, the rate of seed cane multiplication was about 35 times by the polythene bag culture method and 8?11 times by the conventional planting method.     

不同种类磷肥对果蔗的有效性研究

通过室内盆栽试验,以不施磷作为对照,分别选用钙镁磷肥、聚磷酸铵和磷酸一铵进行施磷处理,研究施用不同类型磷肥对黑皮果蔗生物量、根系形态及磷吸收特性的影响.结果显示,施磷处理能够显著促进果蔗生长,与未施磷处理的相比较,钙镁磷肥、聚磷酸铵和磷酸一铵处理的果蔗地上部生物量分别增加了67.00％、58.38％、50.65％.在同...     

Chemical composition of grape canes

In this study, chemical composition of canes which were sampled from ten different grape cultivars was investigated. For the determination of total phenolics, total flavanols and total flavonol contents, canes were analyzed spectrophotometrically. The phenolic compositions of the canes, including caffeic acid, catechin, p-coumaric acid, epicatechin, gallic acid, luteolin and trans-resveratrol were detected by HPLC. The anthron method was used for the determination of total carbohydrate content. The minerals such as K, P, Ca, Fe, Mg and Zn were determined by ICP-OES. All the parameters investigated in this study significantly changed depending on the cultivar. The results showed that grape canes as agricultural wastes from commercial viticultural activities represent a potentially important source of phenolics, minerals, carbohydrates and proteins. Therefore the grape canes may be used as an easily accessible source of natural antioxidants and food supplement.     

Relative effectiveness of trapping and hand-capture for controlling invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina)

Management of invasive vertebrates is a crucial component of conservation. Management strategies should increase the chance of removal of every individual, by exploiting behavioural characteristics, and by increasing the period over which removal occurs. For example, traps can operate automatically over long periods, and often include attractants to increase captures. Management strategies for the invasive cane toad (Rhinella marina) in Australia include hand capture and trapping adult individuals (toads are attracted to an acoustic lure, and to insects attracted to a light, also on the lure). We used capture-mark-recapture analysis to compare the efficacy of trapping and hand capturing cane toads over 10 weeks, in Townsville, Australia. We trapped 7.1%–22.4% of the estimated population per week, and hand captured 1.7%–6% of the estimated population per week. Trapping was more efficient than hand capture in our regime; overall, more toads were caught per trapping man-hour than per hand-capture hour. Traps attract toads and maximise the period over which removal occurs; thus, the probability of removal for each toad was higher than by hand capture. Because hand capture and trapping seemed to remove different toads, a combination of these methods may work well.     

果蔗脱毒种苗甘蔗花叶病、黄叶病和宿根矮化病分子检测

为监测2016-2017年种植的果蔗脱毒种苗脱毒效果,分别采集广州市南沙区和增城区、湛江市麻章区及华南农业大学甘蔗育种基地共83份果蔗脱毒种苗样本,进行甘蔗花叶病毒(SCMV)、高粱花叶病毒(SrMV)和甘蔗黄叶病毒(SCYLV)RT-PCR检测。结果表明SCMV的阳性样本数为3个,阳性检出率3.61%;SrMV的阳性样本数为0;SCYLV的阳性样本数为78个,阳性检出率93.98%。采用常规PCR和巢式PCR技术对采集于广州市增城区和华南农业大学甘蔗育种基地的30份果蔗脱毒种苗样本进行宿根矮化病菌(Lxx)检测,常规PCR检测阳性样本数为0,巢式PCR检测疑似阳性样本数为8,疑似阳性检出率26.67%。本研究采用茎尖组织培养脱毒技术培育的果蔗脱毒种苗能有效脱除果蔗种苗内的SCMV、SrMV和Lxx,但SCYLV的脱除效果有待进一步研究。     

Impacts of chemical crop protection applications on related CO2 emissions and CO2 assimilation of crops

BACKGROUND: A major global challenge is to provide agricultural production systems that are able to sustain growing demands for food, feed, fibre and renewable raw materials without exacerbating climate change. Detailed and reliable data on the CO₂ balance of different agricultural management activities and inputs as a basis to quantify carbon footprints of agriculture are still lacking. This study aims to fill this gap further by quantifying the net balance of emitted and assimilated CO₂ due to the application of crop protection treatments on the farm, and by assessing their partial contribution to GHG emissions and mitigation in agriculture. The study focuses on key agricultural crops including wheat, corn, oilseeds and sugar crops. RESULTS: The final CO₂ balance, considering GHG emissions due to on‐farm CPP treatment in comparison with CO₂ storage in additional biomass, CO₂ protected with respect to agrotechnical inputs and land inputs and CO₂ saved with respect to associated global land use changes, is positive and may reach multiples of up to nearly 2000. CONCLUSION: The results highlight the importance of the positive yield effects of the CPP programme applications on the farm, resulting in additional assimilated biomass at the farm level and less land use changes at the global level, and thus lower pressure on environmentally important indicators of overall agricultural sustainability. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Post-weaning changes in the digestive physiology and caecal fermentative activity in the greater cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus)

The greater cane rat is a recently domesticated monogastric herbivore, and the importance of the caecum in the functioning of its digestive tract has frequently been mentioned. However, no data are available on caecal fermentative activity of this animal and research on the digestive physiology was only performed in adult animals. The present work was initiated to describe some parameters of the digestive tract anatomy and to study caecal fermentation of the growing cane rat. Thirty 40-day-old weaned cane rats were used in this experiment. Six of them were immediately euthanased and 12 were housed in a collective pen for gastrointestinal tract (GIT) parameters measurements. Twelve others were kept in individual cages to record growth and food intake. Captive cane rats received a pelleted diet containing 12.5% of crude protein and 16.7% of lignocellulose. Six of the 12 collectively housed animals were euthanased on day 82 and a further six on day 103. The growth rate increased with age (P < 0.01) with a linear growth curve (P < 0.001) while the feed intake (g/kg body weight) did not vary (P > 0.05). The caecum represented the largest compartment of the digestive tract constituting more than 40% of total GIT contents. Acetate was the most abundant short-chain fatty acid with more than 70% of the total, followed by propionate (less than 25%) and butyrate (around 5%). Short-chain fatty acid profiles varied with age: when age increased, the acetate proportion increased (P < 0.01), the propionate proportion decreased (P < 0.001) and the butyrate proportion remained unchanged (P > 0.05). The propionate/butyrate ratio showed a decrease with an increase in age (P = 0.05). Ammonia concentrations did not vary with age (P > 0.05). It is concluded that the caecum is an important site of fermentation in the growing cane rat.