Elastic_Brittle Fracture Analysis of Micro_Crackin Concrete Loaded by Stretching Stresses

The concrete is a typical brittle material.The fracture and propagating failure of the micro-crack in loaded concrete are very important problem in civil engineering.In this paper,from the equilibrium differential equations and failure criterion,the elastic-brittle static fracture analysis of the plane stress micro-crack in concrete loaded by stretching stresses was done near crack line.The relations between the stretching stresses and the length of brittle fracture zone on the crack line were obtained.     

Fracture Growing Modal Based on FEM

A noval frature growing model based on FEM and degrading rules of materials was proposed,and many disadvantages of existing model were improved with the new modal , dimensional problem was analysed and satisfactory results was gained.     

Chromosome location of the gene for brittle rachis in the Tibetan weedrace of common wheat

The brittle rachis of the Tibetan weedrace (Triticum aestivum var. tibetanum) was found to be governed by a single dominant gene on the short arm of chromosome 3D. The new brittle rachis gene was designated Br₁. This study also discovered that the type of disarticulation is governed by many genes that may differ from brittle rachis genes. In other words, the same brittle rachis gene may exhibit various types of disarticulation in various genetic backgrounds. So, after the brittle rachis gene (barrel type) in Aegilops tauschii entered hexaploid wheat through the amphidiploid path, it might exhibit the wedge type of disarticulation.     

管道环焊接头断裂评定方法分析

管道是石油和天然气的主要运输工具,春焊接质量对管道的安全可靠性有较大影响。管道环焊接头的断裂评定,对于管道系统的安全动物真有重要意义。介绍了欧美等国家有关管道环焊接头断裂评定方面的理论研究和工程方法的进展,讨论了各种评定方法之间的差异,目的在于为管道焊接施工提供科学依据和理论指导。     

螺旋焊管与直缝焊管裂纹断裂分析

根据最大位应力理论,分析了焊管在受内压及裂余应力的作用下,焊缝区Ⅰ／Ⅱ混合型裂纹开裂角θ０与裂纹角β的关系,并分析限具有不同裂纹缺陷时,螺旋管与直缝管的断裂破坏强度。     

断裂错动与水作用下的地层位移及应力变化

[目的]在断裂活动和地下水位变化条件下,对地裂缝上下盘地层的沉降位移与应力变化进行分析,为深入研究地裂缝的形成机理提供参考。[方法]以北京市高丽营地区地裂缝为研究背景原型,基于其活动特征,分析了该地裂缝的发育与断裂构造及地下水水位变化之间的关系,并运用数值模拟方法分别研究了两种诱因作用下模型地层的沉降位移及土体内部应力的变化规律。[结果]断裂错动作用下,地裂缝上盘土层的沉降变形响应程度大于下盘,地表竖向位移变化曲线近似呈反"S"形态,且上盘应力降低区的范围大于下盘应力增强区的范围;地层沉降量随地下水位的下降而不断增加,其土体应力变化曲线呈"中心对称"。[结论]断裂两侧附近的土体沉降位移和应力变化的差异较明显,且差异沉降与水位降深呈正相关,地下水位下降易诱发地裂缝的影响范围是上盘45m和下盘35m,研究成果可为地裂缝灾害地区的防灾减灾提供科学的理论依据。     

手术与非手术治疗桡骨远端骨折对患者腕关节功能恢复的影响

目的 探讨采用手术切开复位与手法复位石膏外固定的非手术疗法对桡骨远端骨折患者腕关节功能恢复的影响。方法 选取本院骨科收治的97例桡骨远端骨折患者进行回顾性分析,其中采取切开复位内固定手术治疗53例（手术组）、采取手法复位石膏外固定治疗44例（非手术组）,对比两组患者的腕关节功能恢复情况。结果 手术组的骨折愈合时间平均为（5.8±1.1）周,非手术组为（6.0±0.8）周,两组患者的骨折愈合时间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术后3个月,手术组和非手术组患者的腕关节背伸、腕关节曲度、尺偏角、桡偏角、尺骨移位测定值差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,手术组的掌倾角、握力、桡骨高度测定值优于非手术组（P<0.05）;术后6个月,两组患者腕关节背伸、腕关节曲度、尺偏角、桡偏角、掌倾角、握力、桡骨高度、尺骨移位测定值差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;术后6个月,手术组的腕关节功能优良率96.2%与非手术组患者的90.9%差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 对于OTA分级相当的患者,采用手术切开复位内固定有利于患者腕关节功能的早期恢复,但是远期恢复效果手术与非手术治疗差异并不显著。     

水稻脆秆突变体bc16的鉴定和基因精细定位

脆秆突变体是一类研究植物机械强度的重要材料。利用EMS(甲基磺酸乙酯)诱变粳稻品种日本晴,筛选获得一个脆秆突变体,命名为bc16(brittle culm16)。与野生型植株相比,bc16茎秆、叶片和根明显变脆,而株高、穗粒数降低,穗长和主根长变短。茎秆细胞壁成分分析表明,bc16纤维素含量显著低于野生型植株,半纤维素含量则显著增加,而木质素含量差异不显著。突变体bc16薄壁细胞形状无规则、排列紊乱,表皮层下厚壁细胞次生壁和薄壁细胞壁变薄。遗传分析表明bc16突变体由隐性单基因控制,位于水稻第2染色体长臂端InDel标记2-F和2-H间66.6kb的区间内。该区间共有7个候选基因,其中Os02g0738900是bc3脆秆基因的等位基因。测序结果表明,bc16突变体中的Os02g0738900基因从ATG开始第5113位,在第13内含子近末端发生了T→A的置换,导致转录过程中该内含子末端6个核苷酸被剪切到mRNA中,最终导致翻译提前终止。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明Os02g0738900基因在bc16脆秆突变体根、茎、叶中的表达量降低。bc16基因可能通过调控厚壁组织次生细胞壁和薄壁细胞初生壁的合成来影响水稻茎秆机械强度。     

Transverse stress fracture of the distal diaphysis of the third metacarpus in six Thoroughbred racehorses

Fractures involving the fetlock region are encountered commonly in Thoroughbred racehorses. Condylar fractures of the distal metacarpus/metatarsus and mid‐sagittal fractures of the proximal phalanx account for the majority of fetlock injuries during both racing and training and clinical features, management and outcome of these injuries have been well described. Transverse fractures of the distal diaphysis of the third metacarpus, however, are seldom observed and have received little attention in the literature. This paper describes clinical and radiological findings associated with 6 cases encountered in first opinion racehorse practice over a 3 year period. Transverse third metacarpal fractures vary in presentation but typically have clinical signs referable to the fetlock region and may, on occasion, be life‐threatening. They are therefore an important differential diagnosis when a fracture involving the fetlock is suspected.     

弹簧垫圈断裂原因分析

通过宏观检验观察、化学成分分析、硬度测试、金相检验和断口分析等方法对弹簧垫圈的断裂原因进行分析。结果表明:该弹簧垫圈热处理时产生淬火裂纹,镀锌时氢原子在裂纹尖端偏聚,这两种因素的共同作用导致弹簧垫圈在装配预紧过程中发生脆性断裂。