甘蓝型油菜早抽薹近等基因系的构建及表型评价

以欧洲冬性甘蓝型油菜材料Tapidor为早抽薹供体亲本,以中国半冬性甘蓝型油莱品种宁油7号为轮回亲本,利用分离群体对抽薹性状等进行表型鉴定和分子标记辅助选择,初步构建了2个早抽薹近等基因系(BC6F4).对两个近等基因系及其轮回亲本的农艺性状和生理指标进行调查鉴定,以评价其近等性.结果表明,构建的两个近等基因系的早抽薹性状表现整齐,分别比轮回亲本抽薹时间提早42d和45d;除抽薹性状,部分生育期性状与轮回亲本仍存在一定的差异;对其中1个近等基因系形态学性状分析结果表明,所构建的近等基因系群体内还存在一定的分离.     

油菜生产中常见障碍及对策

分析了在油菜生产过程中遇到的油菜病态苗、油菜高温热害、油菜冻害、油菜早薹旱花、油莱干旱、油菜渍害和油菜收获后连续阴雨天等常见障碍的症状、发生原因,并针对各障碍提出了相应的防治对策．     

An Expert System for Design of Shotcrete and Bolting Support and Its Engineering Application

On the basis of the achivements of home and abroad,a study and fabrication of multi- module and multi- function intelligent design soft ware SBSDES has been completed successfully.The ES has been expounded systematically in the paper,such as knowledge- base, data- base,reasoning mechanism,graph function and user interface ,and so on.Finally,the SBSDES is used for design two roadways.The industrial tests show that SBSDES is scientific and practical.     

伞形科根茎类药用植物早期抽薹的研究进展

通过简述伞形科根茎类药用植物发生早期抽薹现象的过程,明确伞形科根茎类药用植物发生早期抽薹的原因和影响因素,推测早期抽薹与某些调控开花的基因表达能力有关。另外,认为植物体内激素合成在一定程度上能够调节早期抽薹现象的发生。植物内源激素的合成、代谢、信号传导等过程特定基因发生差异性表达导致植物发生早期抽薹现象。提出可以从植物内源激素分子基因层面及激素作用机理出发,通过改变伞形科根茎类药用植物生长条件或施加外源性激素等人工手段有效抑制早薹率,这将对提高药用产量和品质有重要意义。     

结球甘蓝(Brassica oleracea var. capitata)迟抽薹基因SCAR标记转CAPS标记

为了更加精确结球甘蓝迟抽薹基因标记。本研究以结球甘蓝冬性强的迟抽薹材料‘P02’和冬性弱的易抽薹材料‘A21’杂交得F1代,F1代自交至F3代为试验材料,并以课题组所设计的特定序列扩增(sequence characterized amplified regions, SCAR)标记的SCN1/248为引物。在F3代的785株结球甘蓝中有711株扩增出目的条带,有74株未能扩增出目的条带。经测序,该序列长度为248 bp,运用该序列共设计3对酶切扩增多态性序列(cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence, CAPS)引物,其中1对引物均扩增出目的条带,多态性消失,另外两对分别命名为SC01和SC02。结合田间127株结球甘蓝抽薹性状调查,有65株表现为迟抽薹,59株表现为易抽薹,3株表现为中间型,与SCAR扩增检测结果基本一致,将SCAR标记转换成CAPS标记,建立CAPS标记体系。本研究进一步精化了分子标记辅助选择,为做精确定位功能基因,选育优良的迟抽薹结球甘蓝品种提供了理论依据。     

适宜晋中地区栽培的春白菜品种比较试验

通过对收集到的10个春白菜品种的生育期、主要性状、抗病性及产量的比较试验,筛选出春大强、哨兵、抗病春王3个适宜在晋中地区春露地栽培的品种,为晋中地区春白菜生产提供了理论依据。     

Effects of sowing time on bolting and returning green in welsh onion

Qiyechangbai and Hadacong1 were used to study the relationship of the leaf age of overwinter to bolting and returning green by the difference of sowing time.The results showed that the earlier the seeds were sown,the older leaf age of overwinter was,the higher the rates of returning green and bolting rate were,the earlier the bolting time was.The leaf age of overwinter of Qiyechangbai sown August 31 to September 14 was 2.1-3.1 leaves and the rate of returning green was 86.5%-92.1%,while the leaf age of overwinter of Hadacong1 sown September 7 to September 14 was 2.3-2.7 leaves and the rate of returning green was 88.5%-93.8%,both varieties didn't bolt.In addition,in the same sowing time,the bolting rate of Hadacong1 was higher than that of Qiyechangbai slightly.     

2个生理指标与大白菜耐抽薹性相关性初探

分析了白菜不同抽薹特性品种在低温诱导下POD(过氧化物酶)、CAT(过氧化氢酶)活性氧清除系统数值与白菜抽薹特性的关系,为白菜耐抽薹育种及快速选择抽薹特性品种提供理论依据,以20个不同抽薹特性的结球大白菜为材料,评价品种抽薹特性并测定低温诱导后叶片POD和CAT含量。结果表明, POD对照组,冷处理组及冷处理组比对照组与品种的抽薹特性显著正相关,而CAT对照组与抽薹特性负相关,冷处理组及冷处理组比对照组与抽薹性显著正相关。结论:接球大白菜的耐抽薹性与品种在低温胁迫下的活性氧清除能力有一定的相关性。     

白菜低温要求型晚抽薹性的相关序列克隆与分析

为了阐明低温要求型晚抽薹的分子机制,本研究利用易抽薹大白菜BY和晚抽薹芜菁"M.M"杂交获得的81个DH系群体为试材,从中选择了6个极早抽薹和6个极晚抽薹的株系分别组成早抽薹池和晚抽薹池.以两池和双亲为样本,以无低温和3～5℃处理25 d后获得的mRNA为模板,反转录为cDNA,利用256对AFLP引物组合进行cDNA-AFLP分析,筛选与晚抽薹性相关的特异片段.对其中3条差异表达、且丰度较高的cDNA片段进行了克隆测序.序列测定和Blast分析表明,p65m47 cDNA片段与C2结构域蛋白基因有80%的同源性,期望值为7e-17,C2结构域蛋白在细胞的信号转导中起着很重要的作用;p66m55 cDNA I片段与拟南芥AT1G32530 cDNA有85%的同源性,期望值为5e-36,它编码蛋白结合位点/泛素连接酶/锌指结合蛋白;p66m55 cDNA Ⅱ片段与拟南芥AT1G65590 cDNA有87%的同源性,期望值为4e-37,它编码B-N-乙酰已糖胺水解酶.     

Rosetted siblings in F2 of a cross in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) can be useful model for rosetting investigations

Environmentally and developmentally controlled rosette formation is welldocumented in certain crop species. But this report describes a geneticallyinduced rosetting observed in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.).Rosette genotypes were detected at a frequency of 0.12 in the F₂ familiesof cv. Ganesh and a recessive rosette mutant clone of cv. Kabul Yellow. Therosetted seedlings had leaves almost touching the ground at emergence, whichwere closely set on a thick, compressed stem with narrow inter-nodes andinactive subapical meristem. They were similar in some certain respects tothe naturally occurring rosetting noticed in lettuce, spinach and lisianthus.The occurrence of rosette type was attributed to a recessive mutant gene ofKabul Yellow and was ascribed the gene symbol rg (rosette growth) whichwas found to alter a host of morphological traits in rosette siblings innursery and field. The foliage colour, pink of Ganesh and yellow of KabulYellow, served as visual marker in distinguishing segregating progeny intopink/yellow normal and rosette types in the nursery. A monogenic segregationin F₂ for pink and yellow was evident both in normal and rosette siblings.When a single gene mutation for rosetting was considered a large portion ofthe rosette progeny in F₂ was found missing. This has been explained on thebasis of two conditional lethal genes operating in rosette individuals.Moreover, the F₂ and BC₁ seeds had very low seed fertility indicatingthat F₁ possibly carried heavy load of lethal genes. On transplantation,the rosette mutants started to grow tall and erect, like spinach, but had acompact habit with restricted branching and exhibited early leaf senescence,leaving a crown of bushy growth at the tip of almost naked, brittle shoots.Rosettes differed significantly from normal siblings for all the morphologicalcharacteristics studied. The normal progenies flowered and set fruits within13 months, the rosette ones almost failed to do so even after growing for 38months, although they showed relatively loose rosetting than in the nursery.However, one seedling produced 3 small flowers with rudimentary ovary.Moreover, it was observed that the rosette plants had a tendency to regressto normal state, since 9 out of the 31 rosette progeny produced axilary shootsthat had normal stem and leaf attributes. The individuals with both normal androsette shoots should serve the same purpose in research work, as do perfect isogeniclines. Based on the frequency at which the normal shoots appeared the role ofcryptic transposable elements (TEs) was suspected rather than back mutation.Rosette siblings with altered morphology reported here can be secured inabundant number along with the contrasting normal siblings by raising theF₂, which provide a good opportunity to gain an insight in the control ofvarious plant developmental processes. Besides, it can be viewed as a valuablemodel system for fundamental research on physiological, biochemical andmolecular genetical bases of rosetting in crop plants.