洋葱春化处理及可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质变化规律的研究

[目的]通过不同时期洋葱叶片中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质变化规律的研究,掌握洋葱在花芽分化和抽薹时期生理生化特性,进行初步的研究探索,为探讨洋葱未熟抽薹与其主要生理生化物质的内在联系做准备.[方法]以新疆主栽品种白雪和金红一号为实验材料,测定其花芽分化时期和抽薹开花过程中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量的变化.[结果]可溶性糖在花芽分化过程中逐渐升高,在花芽分化完成时抽薹期又下降,而在对照组鳞茎形成初期可溶性糖含量一直降低,后期又上升,当鳞茎停止生长时趋于稳定.在花芽分化和抽薹过程中可溶性蛋白质含量变化呈降低—升高—降低—升高的变化趋势,对照组则呈先上升—下降—上升的趋势.[结论]可溶性糖既作为一种供能物质又作为一种信号传导物质,在春化作用中高含量的可溶性糖促进花芽分化,并为花芽分化和开花提供能量,在植物生长发育过程中,蛋白质主要作为催化各种生理活动的酶、细胞结构物质等,较高的蛋白质含量用以行使蛋白质的一些特异功能.     

氮磷钾施用量及其配比对白芷早期抽苔的影响

运用三元二次回归正交组合设计研究N,P,K施用量及其配比对白芷早期抽苔的影响.结果表明:白芷的早期抽苔率与N,P,K的供应密切相关.白芷抽苔率随N,P用量的增加而增加,随K用量的增加而减少.当P,K用量为零水平,N用量为24g/m2,白芷抽苔率最高,达9.7%;当N,K用量为零水平,P用量为10.5g/m2,白芷抽苔率最高为8.5%;N,P用量为零水平,随着K用量增加,白芷抽苔率由10%下降到6.4%.     

An Expert System for Design of Shotcrete and Bolting Support and Its Engineering Application

On the basis of the achivements of home and abroad,a study and fabrication of multi- module and multi- function intelligent design soft ware SBSDES has been completed successfully.The ES has been expounded systematically in the paper,such as knowledge- base, data- base,reasoning mechanism,graph function and user interface ,and so on.Finally,the SBSDES is used for design two roadways.The industrial tests show that SBSDES is scientific and practical.     

Early-bolting trait and RAPD markers in the specific monosomic addition line of radish carrying the e-chromosome of Brassica oleracea

The specific monosomic addition line of radish, Raphanus sativus, carrying the e chromosome of Brassica oleracea (2n = 19, e‐type MAL) with the genetic background of the late‐bolting cv.‘Tokinashi’ was produced by successive backcrossing of the original e‐type MAL of radish that showed early bolting in the genetic background of the cv. ‘Shogoin’. The early‐bolting trait specific to the e‐type MAL was constantly expressed in the backcrossed progenies (BC₂, BC₃ and BC₄), whereas the reverted radish‐like plants (2n =18) were gradually converted to bolting as late as ‘Tokinashi’. The added e‐chromosome expressed an epistatic effect against the genome of Japanese radish. Its early‐bolting trait was dominant to the late‐bolting trait of ‘Tokinashi’ which may be under the control of a few genes. Moreover, e‐type specific RAPD markers detected in eight primers were invariably transmitted in the backcrossed progenies by ‘Tokinashi’. From the analysis of the characteristics to the e‐type MAL and e‐type specific RAPD markers, it is suggested that the e‐added chromosome of kale (B. oleracea) was transmitted from generation to generation without any recombination with the radish chromosome. The gene(s) for the early‐bolting trait detected in this study may be useful for breeding work in radish, especially in the tropical areas.     

白菜低温要求型晚抽薹性的相关序列克隆与分析

为了阐明低温要求型晚抽薹的分子机制,本研究利用易抽薹大白菜BY和晚抽薹芜菁"M.M"杂交获得的81个DH系群体为试材,从中选择了6个极早抽薹和6个极晚抽薹的株系分别组成早抽薹池和晚抽薹池.以两池和双亲为样本,以无低温和3～5℃处理25 d后获得的mRNA为模板,反转录为cDNA,利用256对AFLP引物组合进行cDNA-AFLP分析,筛选与晚抽薹性相关的特异片段.对其中3条差异表达、且丰度较高的cDNA片段进行了克隆测序.序列测定和Blast分析表明,p65m47 cDNA片段与C2结构域蛋白基因有80%的同源性,期望值为7e-17,C2结构域蛋白在细胞的信号转导中起着很重要的作用;p66m55 cDNA I片段与拟南芥AT1G32530 cDNA有85%的同源性,期望值为5e-36,它编码蛋白结合位点/泛素连接酶/锌指结合蛋白;p66m55 cDNA Ⅱ片段与拟南芥AT1G65590 cDNA有87%的同源性,期望值为4e-37,它编码B-N-乙酰已糖胺水解酶.     

伞形科根茎类药用植物早期抽薹的研究进展

通过简述伞形科根茎类药用植物发生早期抽薹现象的过程,明确伞形科根茎类药用植物发生早期抽薹的原因和影响因素,推测早期抽薹与某些调控开花的基因表达能力有关。另外,认为植物体内激素合成在一定程度上能够调节早期抽薹现象的发生。植物内源激素的合成、代谢、信号传导等过程特定基因发生差异性表达导致植物发生早期抽薹现象。提出可以从植物内源激素分子基因层面及激素作用机理出发,通过改变伞形科根茎类药用植物生长条件或施加外源性激素等人工手段有效抑制早薹率,这将对提高药用产量和品质有重要意义。     

甘蓝型油菜早抽薹近等基因系的构建及表型评价

以欧洲冬性甘蓝型油菜材料Tapidor为早抽薹供体亲本,以中国半冬性甘蓝型油莱品种宁油7号为轮回亲本,利用分离群体对抽薹性状等进行表型鉴定和分子标记辅助选择,初步构建了2个早抽薹近等基因系(BC6F4).对两个近等基因系及其轮回亲本的农艺性状和生理指标进行调查鉴定,以评价其近等性.结果表明,构建的两个近等基因系的早抽薹性状表现整齐,分别比轮回亲本抽薹时间提早42d和45d;除抽薹性状,部分生育期性状与轮回亲本仍存在一定的差异;对其中1个近等基因系形态学性状分析结果表明,所构建的近等基因系群体内还存在一定的分离.     

大白菜的春化特性及未熟抽薹研究进展

对近年来国内外有关大白菜春化的感受部位和机理及春化作用的影响因素、未熟抽薹的成因及克服途径等方面进行了综述，并提出了合理的栽培措施。作者认为今后的研究方向应是建立在一个温度、光照环境条件与抽薹期和叶球重的关系模型上的大白菜生物技术育种研究。     

Identification of QTLs Related to Bolting in Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis(syn. Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis)

A genetic linkage map of Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis was constructed with 186 AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) markers by using a doubled-haploid (DH) population with 183 individuals. The individuals were derived from F1 which was developed by crossing a bolting resistant DH line Y-177-12 and an easy bolting DH line Y195-93a.AFLPs were generated by the use of restriction enzymes EcoR Ⅰ and Mse Ⅰ. The segregation of each marker and linkage was analyzed by using JoinMap version 3.0. Mapped markers were aligned in ten linkage groups which covered 887.8 cM with an average marker interval of 4.47 cM. Markers showing skewed segregation ratio were clustered in six LGs.Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped for bolting resistance by using MAPQTL 4.0 package. Four QTLs explaining from 7.0 to 9.4% of the total variation were detected, all of them increase bolting resistance. These mapped QTLs could be used to develop a marker assisted selection programme for bolting resistance breeding.     

芥菜和甘蓝启动抽薹的温光诱导体系研究

通过温度（x1）、光周期（x2）、处理时间（x3）三因素的二次正交旋转设计,对“大青叶”芥菜（GN）和“早秋”甘蓝（ZQ）抽薹的温光诱导体系进行筛选,分别建立了相应的回归方程,并对诱导抽薹条件进一步验证和优化,表明：在16h长日照、4℃/7℃变温下分别处理芥菜45d,处理甘蓝65d,然后转入再培养体系,均可在6d内快速启动芥菜和甘蓝100%抽薹.在启动抽薹期,芥菜和甘蓝的可溶性蛋白质和游离氨基酸含量逐渐增加,而可溶性糖和过氧化物酶呈先减后增趋势.