农户数字素养提升能降低小麦储存损失吗？

为探究数字素养对中国粮食储存损失的影响机理,充分发挥信息化手段节粮减损作用,利用2022年中国16省645户农户调研数据,运用工具变量法分析农户数字素养提升对小麦储存损失的影响。结果表明：中国农户小麦储存损失的平均水平为1.79,西北地区农户储存损失水平明显高于其他地区。农户数字素养的提升能显著降低小麦储存损失,且该影响主要体现在收入水平高、劳动力资源充足的农户群体中。在克服内生性偏误后,研究结果依然稳健。因此,政府应完善信息基础设施建设、加快数字应用技能的普及,从而提升农户数字素养,减少农户储存损失,全方位夯实粮食安全根基。     

Environmental risk factors for the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma in cats

BackgroundRisk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in cats are derived from a single study dated almost 20 years ago. The relationship between inflammation of oral tissues and OSCC is still unclear.ObjectivesTo investigate previously proposed and novel potential risk factors for OSCC development, including oral inflammatory diseases.AnimalsHundred cats with OSCC, 70 cats with chronic gingivostomatitis (CGS), 63 cats with periodontal disease (PD), and 500 controls.MethodsProspective, observational case‐control study. Cats with OSCC were compared with an age‐matched control sample of client‐owned cats and cats with CGS or PD. Owners of cats completed an anonymous questionnaire including demographic, environmental and lifestyle information.ResultsOn multivariable logistic regression, covariates significantly associated with an increased risk of OSCC were rural environment (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.03‐3.04; P = .04), outdoor access (OR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.07‐2.63; P = .02), environmental tobacco smoke (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.05‐3; P = .03), and petfood containing chemical additives (OR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.04‐3.76; P = .04). Risk factors shared with CGS and PD were outdoor access and petfood containing chemical additives, respectively. A history of oral inflammation was reported in 35% of cats with OSCC but did not emerge as a risk factor.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe study proposes novel potential risk factors for OSCC in cats. Although a history of inflammatory oral disease was not significantly more frequent compared with random age‐matched controls, OSCC shared several risk factors with CGS and PD.     

略论我国粮食生产与安全保障

从粮食生产和安全的角度,总结我国近半个世纪粮食生产取得的成效:1总量快速增长,达到并占有1/4的世界份额;2人均占有数量实现世界水平的赶超;3由于单产和总产显著提升,粮田面积稳中有降,使种植结构优化、农民增收成为可能。指出由于受:“人口—资源—环境”压力、南北粮食生产格局变动、持续地压粮扩经、国际市场价格等诸多方面影响,导致2000年以来我国粮食回落。据此认为:1政策保障;2发展战略;3复种多熟;4科技创新;5加大投入等方面应作为发展我国粮食生产和增进粮食安全的保障措施。     

许氏平鲉仔、稚鱼的摄食特性及幼鱼胃排空率

为了探明仔、稚鱼阶段红鳍笛鲷(Lutjanus erythopterus)投喂轮虫的最适密度和颗粒饲料驯化时间,文章研究了不同轮虫投喂密度下,红鳍笛鲷仔鱼的生长、存活和食物选择,并采用生长、存活、RNA/DNA比率和消化道上皮细胞高度等参数作为评价指标,研究了颗粒饲料驯化时间 [13 dph (孵化后天数,W13)、16 dph (W16)、19 dph (W19)和22 dph (W22)] 对红鳍笛鲷仔、稚鱼的影响。结果表明,轮虫投喂密度显著影响红鳍笛鲷仔鱼的摄食、饵料选择、生长和存活,轮虫投喂密度为10~20 个·mL^–1时,仔鱼的生长和成活率均无显著差异但显著高于1个·mL^–1和30个·mL^–1处理组。颗粒饲料驯化实验中,W19和W22处理组个体的生长和成活率显著高于其他两组,W13处理组个体的RNA/DNA比率最低。22 dph时,W13和W16处理组个体消化道上皮细胞高度明显低于其他两组。根据研究结果,轮虫和卤虫无节幼体混合喂养期间,轮虫密度对仔、稚鱼的食物选择性存在显著影响,建议在红鳍笛鲷初始投喂阶段使用10~20 个·mL^–1的轮虫密度投喂仔鱼,红鳍笛鲷13 dph即可驯料,而最佳驯料期为16~22 dph。     

食品安全选修课与素质教育

阐述了高等院校开设食品安全选修课的背景,论述了食品安全选修课与素质教育相结合的优势,探索在食品安全选修课中实践素质教育。     

金针菇的食用和药用价值研究开发进展

对金针菇的营养成分及其抗肿瘤作用、免疫调节作用、护肝作用等生理活性进行了总结,对目前以金针菇为原料开发的产品进行了概述。探讨了目前金针菇开发中存在的一些问题,并对下一步如何开展金针菇研究提出了一些建议。     

海峡两岸保健(功能)食品产业发展比较与启示

分析比较我国大陆与台湾地区保健(功能)食品的发展历程与现状、产业政策与管理机制、科技研发与创新,提出借鉴台湾经验发展大陆保健食品,以及加强海峡两岸保健食品产业合作的若干思路。     

黑河市张地营子乡土壤重金属污染综合评价

[目的]测定黑河市张地营子乡土壤重金属含量,并对重金属污染状况进行综合评价。[方法]研究了黑河市张地营子乡不同土地利用背景和相同土地利用背景下的3个功能区的6种重金属元素（Hg、As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb）的含量,对重金属含量与不同土地利用及采样深度的关系进行初步研究,并对重金属污染状况进行了总体评价。[结果]重金属在土壤中已有一定程度的累积,在地表的累积程度比较高,Hg的污染最为严重,已达到了警戒水平。但总体来说,黑河市张地营子乡所研究区域土壤处于清洁水平,满足绿色食品和蔬菜生产的要求。[结论]该研究可为对黑龙江省黑河市张地营子乡土壤重金属污染的认识积累科学依据,并为扩大无公害粮食、蔬菜的种植面积和促进当地农业发展奠定基础。     

稻鸭共作系统的生态学效应研究进展

稻鸭共作技术作为一项环保型的生态农业技术,现已在中国多个省份和其他许多亚洲国家中得到应用和推广。稻鸭共作系统中具有很多的生态学效应。对该系统中鸭子活动对水稻植株产量性状、群体结构、稻田杂草、水稻病虫害与天敌、稻田土壤、稻田水体、稻米品质、稻田环境质量的影响效应等方面的研究进展进行了综述,并指出今后应加强对上述生态学效应的内在机理与生态学过程等方面的深入研究,以便更好地服务于实践。     

Canine lymphocytic plasmocytic enteritis: an immunopathological investigation of intestinal plasma cells.

The numbers of IgA-, IgG- and IgM-containing plasma cells in the lamina propria of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and coecum were quantitated in 3 patients suffering from lymphocytic plasmacytic enteritis and 3 normal control dogs. A great increase was found in all 3 types of plasma cells and at all levels of the intestinal tract. Especially the IgG-containing cells showed a remarkable increase particularly in 2 patients. The possible reasons for these heavy infiltrations of immunologically competent cells are discussed, and chronic antigenic stimulations of food origin is suggested.