Vertical habitat use of sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) in the Atlantic and eastern Pacific,derived from pop‐up satellite archival tag data

Vertical habitat use of sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) was evaluated using pop‐up satellite archival tag data from the eastern tropical Atlantic, western North Atlantic, and eastern tropical Pacific. Data included Argos transmitted depth, temperature, and light level frequency histograms binned at 1–8‐h intervals, and four recovered pop‐up satellite archival tags that provided high resolution archival data recorded at 30‐s intervals. We tabulated the proportions of time spent within each degree of water temperature relative to the surface temperature (Delta T) and proportions of time at temperature, as these are major input variables for habitat standardization models used in stock assessment procedures. Frequency distributions were calculated for daylight, darkness, and twilight for each of the three regions and for all regions combined. Vertical habitat envelopes indicated greater use of deeper strata in the western North Atlantic, compared to the hypoxia‐based habitat compressed regions of the eastern Atlantic and Pacific. However, there were no significant differences in Delta T distributions when comparing the three regions, affirming this metric for its application in habitat standardization models.     

Designing satellite tagging studies: estimating and optimizing data recovery

Satellite telemetry is used routinely to collect and transmit movement, behaviour and environmental data from free‐ranging animals. Satellite tags (hereafter SATs) are essential for collecting in situ data from animals where manual retrieval of a data logger is impossible. The collected data is fundamental for scientific and many management applications. However, the amount of data a SAT can transmit is limited by its battery life, transmission opportunities, bandwidth and satellite coverage. When designing a SAT study, these factors should be taken into account to ensure that limited transmissions are utilized as effectively as possible. In this paper we present a theoretical discussion of the factors that influence the data transmission and present tools for designing effective SAT studies. We calculate the optimal sampling period for the tag given its expected lifetime and regional variation in satellite coverage. Taking these factors into account allows prediction of the expected number of tags required to meet targets for a deployment. These methods are applied to a case study of a highly migratory pelagic fish tagged with popup archival satellite tags (PSATs). Our findings will be useful for SAT study design in general and demonstrate an approach which can reduce the ad hoc nature of SAT deployments.     

抗旱造林新技术在甜柿建园中的应用

在甜柿建园中,通过ABT生根粉,SAP高效抗旱保水剂和地膜覆盖技术的应用．可显著提高造林成活率和苗木生长量。通过试验研究．总结出组装配套技术．造林成活率达到98％以上．值得大力推广。     

油松毛虫越冬幼虫上树下树历期的预测

通过1984～1986年对越冬幼虫的系统调查数据,分别求得油松毛虫越冬幼虫上树历期约为51d;下树历期约为87d;上树高峰期为每年的3月28日～4月19日;下树高峰期为每年的10月份。并同时对越冬幼虫上树过程中的物候学进行了观察。     

大棚中百菌清等4种农药在小白菜上的降解规律研究

研究了小白菜栽培过程中,百菌清、敌敌畏、氧化乐果和抗蚜威在不同施用剂量条件下的农药降解动态规律,结果表明,不同农药在小白菜中的残留量和降解速度有较大差异。4种农药施药后在小白菜上的残留量随喷药时间的推移而减少,抗蚜威降解速度最慢,氧化乐果降解速度最快。     

Reactions of Cowpea to Meloidogyne incognita in Eastern Nigeria

Abstract

One hundred and three cultivars of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) were rated in replicated trials in the field and glasshouse for their reactions to the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Forty-one cultivars consistently showed some resistance to the nematode in both field and glasshouse trials; 25 were consistently susceptible and the remaining 37 were inconsistent.     

一种播补一体化新型马铃薯播种机的设计与试验

现有马铃薯漏播补偿方案普遍需附加补偿种箱及单独设置补偿排种通道,导致系统结构复杂、补偿种薯落点偏差较大。为此,本研究提出了基于单向离合器的播补一体化马铃薯播种机新方案。该方案排种链轮正常播种使用地轮动力,而补偿状态在单向离合器协调下转移至补偿专用电动机,补偿完成后则继续恢复至地轮。基于此,在计算所需时间内,采用后一取种勺上的种薯直接追赶前一缺种位置的追赶式补偿方案,可以使补偿种薯也在原排种通道中运动,独立的补偿种薯专用通道不再需要,从而使系统结构简化、可靠性提高。样机田间试验表明,所采用的红外辐射排种监测系统误判率不超过1‰,系统平均自然漏播率对排种速度不敏感,漏播补偿成功率随着排种链速度的增加而快速降低,但即使达到正常排种链速最高值0.8 m·s^-1,依然有平均74%以上的漏播能被成功补偿,系统平均最终漏播率不足平均自然漏播率的1/4,漏播补偿作用效果明显。     

建设生物防火林带的几点思考

在阐述生物防火林带的优越性的同时,对生物防火林带的设置和树种的选择、设计、部门协作、运作资金、关注群众呼声,吸收多方良策等方面进行了论述。     

A model of arctic tundra vegetation derived from topographic gradients

We present a topographically-derived vegetation model (TVM) that predicts the landscape patterns of arctic vegetation types in the foothills of the Brooks Range in northern Alaska. In the Arctic there is a strong relationship between water and plant structure and function and TVM is based on the relationships between vegetation types and slope (tan ) and discharge (), two independent variables that can be easily derived from digital terrain data. Both slope and discharge relate to hydrological similarity within a landscape: slope determines the gravitational hydrological gradient and hence influences flow velocity, whereas discharge patterns are computed based on upslope area and quantify lateral flow amount. TVM was developed and parameterized based on vegetation data from a small 2.2 km² watershed and its application was tested in a larger 22km² region. For the watershed, TVM performed quite well, having a high spatial resolution and a goodness-of-fit ranging from 71–78%, depending on the functions used. For the larger region, the strength of the vegetation types predictions drops somewhat to between 56–59%. We discuss the various sources of error and limitations of the model for purposes of extrapolation.