郁金散加减方对长白猪传染性胃肠炎治疗效果的研究

为了研究郁金散加减方对长白猪传染性胃肠炎的治疗效果,从张家口顺德猪场选取患有传染性胃肠炎的成年长白猪20头,随机分为郁金散加减方低剂量组、郁金散加减方高剂量组、西药组和对照组,每组各5头。郁金散加减方组每天灌服郁金散方剂,早晚各1次,低、高剂量组分别按6、7mL/kg体重给药;西药组每天灌服金刚乙胺,颈部皮下注射氟苯尼考,早晚各1次;对照组正常饲喂,不给药。7d后观察临床症状和生长性能,测定血常规、血清生化指标、血清免疫指标及抗氧化指标。结果表明:郁金散加减方组和西药组病猪反应灵敏,体温正常,进食量增加,粪便恢复正常。低、高剂量组和西药组治愈率分别为80%、90%和60%,郁金散加减方的治疗效果优于西药治疗。与对照组相比,高剂量组能极显著提高猪平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)(P<0.01),极显著降低料重比(P<0.01);3个给药组均能极显著降低血尿素氮(BUN)、丙二醛(MDA)和白细胞数量(WBC)(P<0.01),极显著提高血清钾(K)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)含量和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.01),但3组间差异不显著(P>0.05);高剂量组过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性极显著高于低剂量组、西药组和对照组(P<0.01)。表明郁金散加减方对长白猪传染性胃肠炎有较好的治疗效果,其中郁金散加减方高剂量组效果更好。     

Chitosan associated with whole raw soybean in diets for Murrah buffaloes on ruminal fermentation,apparent digestibility and nutrients metabolism

This study aimed to investigate the effects of chitosan and whole raw soybean on nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, nitrogen utilization, microbial protein synthesis, blood metabolites, feeding behavior, ruminal fermentation, digesta kinetics, and reticular flow of nutrients of buffaloes. Four ruminally‐cannulated Murrah buffaloes (351 ± 15 kg of initial BW) were randomly assigned according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments were arranged as 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: the first factor was whole raw soybean (WRS), and the second factor was chitosan (CHI) with or without their inclusion in diets. Intake and apparent digestibility of ether extract (p < .01; p = .04, respectively), non‐fiber carbohydrates intake (p = .03) and apparent ruminal digestibility of dry matter (p = .01) were affected by diets. An interaction effect or tendency was observed for microbial nitrogen (p = .09), concentrations, ruminal ammonia nitrogen (p = .05), total volatile fatty acid (p = .03). Association of chitosan with whole raw soybean has potential effects as a modulator of rumen fermentation; therefore, chitosan can be applied as an alternative non‐ionophore for Murrah buffaloes.     

Effect of acupuncture on CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells in rats of embryo implantation failure

AIM：To observe the effect of acupuncture on CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3(forkhead box P3)+ regulatory T-cells(Treg cells) in rats with embryo implantation failure. METHODS：One hundred and forty-four pregnant rats were randomly divided into control group(N), mifepristone treatment group(M), mifepristone+acupuncture treatment group(A) and mifepristone+progestin treatment group(W). The rats in groups M, A and W were treated with mifepristone-sesame oil solution on day 1, while the rats in group N were injected with the same amount of sesame oil. The Housanli(ST36) and Sanyinjiao(SP6) points were selected for acupuncture. From day 1 to the time of death, the rats in group A were fasten up and then the acupuncture was performed. Accordingly, the rats in group N and group M were only fixed, and the rats in group W were given progestin. Implanted embryos in each group were counted. The proportions of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg cells in peripheral blood and CD4+ Foxp3+ Treg cells in the endometrium were detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein levels of Foxp3 were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS：Compared with group N, the number of implanted embryos, the percentages of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg cells in peripheral blood and CD4+ Foxp3+ Treg cells in the endometrium, and the expression of Foxp3 protein and mRNA in the endometrium were significantly decreased in group M(P<005). Compared with group M, the above indexes in group A and group W were significantly increased. CONCLUSION: The effect of acupuncture in rats with embryo implantation failure may be closely correlated with the modulation of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg cells.     

十二指肠灌注DL-蛋氨酸对肉牛营养物质消化率和血液指标影响的研究

根据基础日粮+待测氨基酸法,由十二指肠瘘管连续灌注DL-Met,通过日增重、氮平衡试验、小肠营养物质消化率指标和血浆游离氨基酸含量确定基础日粮条件下十二指肠氨酸最佳灌注量。试验结果表明:III组日增重最高,比I组提高15.27%(P<0.05)II组和III组沉积氮、沉积氮/可消化氮显著高于I组(P<0.05),其中III组高于II组;III组尿中尿素氮显著低于I组(P<0.05)。III组小肠氮的表观消化率最高,比I组高5.72%(P<0.05)。III组血浆氨氮显著低于I组(P<0.05)。血浆Cys和MetIV组显著高于其它3组(P<0.05),而Ser和Ile则相反。III组血浆Leu、Lys、BCAA和EAA显著低于其它各组(P<0.05)。肉牛十二指肠蛋氨酸最佳灌注量为13g/d。     

六种试剂盒提取血液基因组DNA效果比较

为筛选一种高效、快捷的血液基因组DNA提取试剂盒,采集24份新鲜西藏绵羊血液样本,选用6种市售商业化试剂盒（LifeFeng柱式试剂盒DK601和非柱式试剂盒DK602,康为世纪非柱式试剂盒CW0544和柱式试剂盒CW0546,上海生工非柱式试剂盒SK8224和柱式试剂盒SK8254）,比较所提DNA的浓度、纯度、得率以及对嗜吞噬细胞无形体16S rRNA进行巢式PCR扩增,综合评价不同试剂盒DNA提取效果.结果表明,应用LifeFeng柱式试剂盒DK601提取的DNA浓度和纯度均最高,得率较高,分别达到75.63 ng/μL、1.894（OD260/OD280）、18.91 ng/μL;且嗜吞噬细胞无形体16S rRNA基因的PCR扩增条带清晰度最优.因此,LifeFeng DK601可作为提取绵羊血液基因组DNA及嗜吞噬细胞无形体（Anaplasma phagocytophilum）病原鉴定的首选试剂盒.     

犬血丝虫病诊疗病例

犬血丝虫病是由犬血丝虫寄生于犬类动物右心室或肺动脉引起的犬类动物的一种重要的寄生虫病,以循环障碍、呼吸困难、贫血为主要特征。犬血丝虫又叫犬心丝虫或犬恶丝虫,犬为其终末宿主,蚊、蚤等吸血昆虫是中间宿主。当寄生的虫体影响心脏器质功能（比如三尖瓣或肺动脉瓣功能不全）时,患犬会出现呼吸困难、胸腹水、下体浮肿等较为严重的临床症状,甚至发生急性死亡。诊断本病以外周血中查到犬血丝虫的幼虫微丝蚴为主。治疗本病则以驱虫为主,补血、输液等对症治疗作为辅助措施。     

Effect of a single injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on testicular blood flow measured by color doppler ultrasonography in male Shiba goats

Although color Doppler ultrasonography has been used to evaluate testicular blood flow in many species, very little has been done in goat. Eight male Shiba goats were exposed to a single intramuscular injection of either gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH group; 1 µg/kg BW) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG group; 25 IU/kg BW). Plasma testosterone (T), estradiol (E2) and inhibin (INH) were measured just before (0 hr) and at different intervals post injection by radioimmunoassay. Testis volume (TV) and Doppler indices, such as resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of the supratesticular artery, were measured by B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonography, respectively. The results indicated an increase in testicular blood flow in both groups, as RI and PI decreased significantly (P<0.05), but this increase was significant higher and earlier in hCG group (1 hr) than in the GnRH group (2 hr). A high correlation was found for RI and PI with both T (RI, r= −0.862; PI, r= −0.707) and INH in the GnRH group (RI, r=0.661; PI, r=0.701). However, a significant (P<0.05) correlation was found between E2 and both RI (r= −0.610) and PI (r= −0.763) in hCG group. In addition, TV significantly increased and was highly correlated with RI in both groups (GnRH, r= −0.718; hCG, r= −0.779). In conclusion, hCG and GnRH may improve testicular blood flow and TV in Shiba goats.     

Serum amylase and isoamylase values in dogs with pancreatic disease

Serum amylase and isoamylase values were determined in three groups of dogs. The first group contained control dogs while the other groups contained dogs with confirmed exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and diabetes mellitus respectively. The trypsin-like immunoreactivity test was also carried out on sera from dogs with exocrine pancreatic disease (EPI). A significant difference was detected in the serum amylase values between the three groups which may be of limited diagnostic value. Dogs with EPI had values lower than normal while those with diabetes mellitus had values higher than control dogs. No evidence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was found in dogs with diabetes mellitus.     

不同海拔地区两种小型猪血液生理生化指标比较

本试验旨在比较高原蕨麻小型猪与平原巴马小型猪的血液生理生化指标差异,为高原蕨麻小型猪的实验动物化提供理论基础.试验分别在高原地区和西安市采集高原蕨麻小型猪与巴马小型猪血样,检测10项血液生理指标和14项血液生化指标,并对结果进行统计分析.结果显示,血液生理指标中高原蕨麻小型猪的红细胞计数(RBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞压积(HCT)、红细胞平均血红蛋白含量(MCH)、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度(MCMH)均极显著高于巴马小型猪(P< 0.01),血小板(PLT)、红细胞分布列宽变异系数(RDW-CV)和红细胞分布宽度标准差(RDW-SD)与巴马小型猪相比差异显著(P< 0.05);血液生化指标中高原蕨麻小型猪γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(GGT)、葡萄糖(GLU)、肌酐(CRE)均极显著高于巴马小型猪(P< 0.01),其余指标均无显著差异(P> 0.05).结果表明,高原蕨麻小型猪具有低氧适应的生理特征,与巴马小型猪相比有独特的高原适应性,具有开发成为高原疾病动物模型的潜力.     

Increasing patient safety in veterinary transfusion medicine: an overview of pretransfusion testing

Objectives – To review the principles and available technology for pretransfusion testing in veterinary medicine and discuss the indications and importance of test performance before RBC transfusion.
Data Sources – Current human and veterinary medical literature: original research articles and scientific reviews.
Summary – Indications for RBC transfusion in veterinary medicine include severe anemia or tissue hypoxia resulting from blood loss, decreased erythrocyte production, and hemolyzing conditions such as immune-mediated anemia and neonatal isoerythrolysis. Proper blood sample collection, handling, and identification are imperative for high-quality pretransfusion testing. Point-of-care blood typing methods including both typing cards and rapid gel agglutination are readily available for some species. Following blood typing, crossmatching is performed on one or more donor units of appropriate blood type. As an alternative to technically demanding tube crossmatching methods, a point-of-care gel agglutination method has recently become available for use in dogs and cats. Crossmatching reduces the risk of hemolytic transfusion reactions but does not completely eliminate the risk of other types of transfusion reactions in veterinary patients, and for this reason, all transfusion reactions should be appropriately documented and investigated.
Conclusion – The administration of blood products is a resource-intensive function of veterinary medicine and optimizing patient safety in transfusion medicine is multifaceted. Adverse reactions can be life threatening. Appropriate donor screening and collection combined with pretransfusion testing decreases the occurrence of incompatible transfusion reactions.