经络穴位给药系统在兽医临床上的应用

经络穴位给药系统以中医经络理论为基础,具有经穴效应和药物效应的双重治疗特性,已广泛应用于兽医临床.目前,兽医临床上常用穴位给药方式是穴位埋植和穴位注射,而常用穴位主要是后海穴、百会穴、肺龠穴.随着经络穴位给药系统的广泛应用,新型经络穴位给药制剂和经络穴位给药作用机理已成为经络穴位给药系统研究的重点.     

论影响麻花钻切削因素之间的关系

学生搞不清楚麻花钻刃磨时几何角度之间的关系,导致麻花钻头的刃磨失败,最终使学生形成了麻花钻内容太难,麻花钻刃磨起来太麻烦的结论。用图示、口诀配合文字讲解的方式讲解标准麻花钻切削部分之间的关系,学生易于接受。     

Black soldier fly and yellow mealworm live larvae for broiler chickens: Effects on bird performance and health status

The commercial broiler chicken strains are the result of successful selection programmes. Most of the problems related to welfare arise from the high growth rate and body weight. The use of environmental enrichments in intensive farming could have a positive effect on birds by increasing animal welfare. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of Hermetia illucens (HI) and Tenebrio molitor (TM) live larvae in the diets of broiler chickens on growth performance, carcass yield and health status. A total of 180 four-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to 18 pens. Each pen was assigned to one of the three dietary treatments (6 replicates/treatment, 10 birds/replicate) as follows: (i) control diet (C): commercial feed (two feeding phases: starter [4–11 days] and grower [12–38 days]), (ii) HI: C + 5% of the expected daily feed intake (DFI) HI live larvae (calculated on dry matter [DM]) and (iii) TM: C + 5% of DFI TM live larvae (DM). At 39 days of age, birds were slaughtered. Growth performance parameters were overall not affected by dietary treatments, except for the grower phase feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the overall FCR being better in the TM broilers than the others (p < 0.01). No differences were observed for slaughtering performance and haematological and serum parameters, except for the spleen relative weight being higher (p < 0.01) in the birds administered with larvae when compared to the C group. Gut morphometric indexes and histopathological alterations were not influenced by insect larvae administration. In conclusion, the administration in limited quantities of HI and TM live larvae as environmental enrichment has no negative effects on broiler chicken growth performance and health status. A behavioural study could confirm that live insect larvae represent a novel natural environmental enrichment in broiler farming.     

子午岭黑山羊与辽宁绒山羊产肉性能、肉品质、肌肉营养成分和脂肪酸含量比较

1990年,甘肃省庆阳市开始引入辽宁绒山羊对子午岭黑山羊进行杂交改良,但目前尚不清楚2个品种在脂肪酸含量、肌肉营养成分等方面的差异,影响了杂交改良效果。试验旨在分析两个绒山羊品种的产肉性能、肉品质、肌肉营养成分和脂肪酸含量差异,为绒山羊的杂交改良提供理论依据。本研究选取相同饲养管理条件下、9月龄的子午岭黑山羊和辽宁绒山羊公羊各5只,测定其屠宰性能以及背最长肌、前腿肌和后腿肌处的肉品质、脂肪酸含量和肌肉营养成分。结果表明：子午岭黑山羊的胴体重、屠宰率、净肉重、净肉率、眼肌面积、GR值、剪切力和滴水损失低于辽宁绒山羊（P<0.05）,但其肌肉的平均亮度值、色度值、pH₁和pH₂₄高于辽宁绒山羊（P<0.01）。营养成分测定结果表明,子午岭黑山羊肌肉的水分和粗灰分含量高于辽宁绒山羊（P<0.05）,但肌内脂肪和粗蛋白含量低于辽宁绒山羊。在2个山羊品种的肌肉中均检测到11 种饱和脂肪酸（SFA,以棕榈酸和硬脂酸为主）、10种多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA,以亚油酸和顺-11,14-二十碳二烯酸为主）和6种单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA,以油酸为主）,子午岭黑山羊肉中的SFA、PUFA、n-3 PUFA、n-6 PUFA含量和PUFA/SFA值均高于辽宁绒山羊（P<0.01）,但MUFA含量低于辽宁绒山羊（P<0.01）。结果表明,辽宁绒山羊有更高的产肉力,但子午岭黑山羊肌肉品质和营养成分更佳,脂肪酸组成和含量更符合人类健康膳食标准。     

家庭猪场防控非洲猪瘟的关键点分析

非洲猪瘟对家庭猪场的生产稳定性带来极大的挑战。文章分析了家庭猪场防控非洲猪瘟存在的问题及对关键点针对性的防控措施。     

基于RAGA的PPC模型在黑土区玉米调亏灌溉评价中的应用

调亏灌溉作为一种行之有效的节水灌溉方式,对黑土区农业水资源的可持续高效利用具有重要意义。而调亏灌溉方案的优劣取决于它的综合效果,难以直观评价。以2013年在黑龙江省红星农场进行的玉米调亏灌溉技术效应的试验研究为基础,选取了8个评价指标,采用投影寻踪分类模型(PPC),利用基于实数编码的加速遗传算法(RAGA)优化其投影方向,根据投影函数值得到各评价指标对综合评价的贡献大小对不同调亏处理的各项指标进行排序。结果表明:苗期水分调亏程度为田间持水量60%的处理为最佳调亏灌溉方案,产量和水分利用效率比适宜调亏灌溉处理分别提高了2.11%和6.42%。研究结果可为黑土区玉米灌溉管理提供科学依据。     

Construction and Identification of Yeast Surface Display Libraries of Ovis aries DRA Gene Exon 2

The specific primers were designed according to Ovis aries DRA gene sequence deposited in GenBank and the multiple cloning site of the plasmid pYD1,which was a vector used for protein surface display on Saccharomyces cerevisiae.The gene encoding DRA was amplified by PCR using the genomic RNA of Ovis aries.The 762 bp fragment was cloned and released in GenBank and registration number was KR422362.The PCR product was inserted into the yeast surface display plasmid vector pYD1 by double enzyme digestion.It was indicated that DRA gene was successfully integrated into the genome.Dot mutation was made at both ends of exon 2 in DRA gene for making restriction enzyme cutting site and design the exon 2 specific primers according to mutated Ovis aries DRA gene sequence.Sequenced exon 2 amplification products based on DNA pooling of sheep large sample template was analyzed the polymorphic loci.The polymorphic exon 2 246 bp fragment was obtained by double enzyme digestion and connected to surface display restructuring mutation carriers pYD1-DRA by the same double enzyme digestion,and then we successfully constructed yeast surface display libraries.We transformed it into Saccharomyces cerevisiae EBY100 cell.Yeast monoclone was identified by PCR amplification and sequencing,and we confirmed that DRA gene had been integrated into Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome.After galactose induced,it was detected that DRA gene library had been successfully demonstrated on the yeast cell surface under the fluorescence microscope by immunofluorescence method.     

ASVCP guidelines: quality assurance for portable blood glucose meter (glucometer) use in veterinary medicine

Portable blood glucose meters (PBGM, glucometers) are a convenient, cost effective, and quick means to assess patient blood glucose concentration. The number of commercially available PBGM is constantly increasing, making it challenging to determine whether certain glucometers may have benefits over others for veterinary testing. The challenge in selection of an appropriate glucometer from a quality perspective is compounded by the variety of analytic methods used to quantify glucose concentrations and disparate statistical analysis in many published studies. These guidelines were developed as part of the ASVCP QALS committee response to establish recommendations to improve the quality of testing using point‐of‐care testing (POCT) handheld and benchtop devices in veterinary medicine. They are intended for clinical pathologists and laboratory professionals to provide them with background knowledge and specific recommendations for quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC), and to serve as a resource to assist the provision of advice to veterinarians and technicians to improve the quality of results obtained when using PBGM. These guidelines are not intended to be all‐inclusive; rather they provide a minimum standard for management of PBGM in the veterinary setting.     

黑皮冬瓜嫁接砧木的筛选与鉴定

挑选南瓜砧、蒲瓜砧和葫芦砧共10个品种,以佛山市三水黑皮冬瓜为接穗,采用斜顶插接法嫁接,露地栽培管理,比较其产量和农艺性状。试验结果表明,DZ-01冬瓜砧、京欣砧三号和强势作为三水黑皮冬瓜的嫁接砧木,可有效降低枯萎病发病率,增产10%以上,商品性状得到明显改善,商品品质差异不显著,推广应用性强。     

黑豆色素的研究进展

本文综述了近年来黑豆色素的研究进展.提出了综合开发利用的前景.