喷施新型腐植酸对谷子籽粒产量和品质的影响

为探究灌浆初期喷施新型腐植酸对谷子产量和品质的影响,以清水喷施为对照（NC）,设置腐植酸低（0.75 L/hm², 600×,LC）,中 （3.75 L/hm², 120× ,MC）,高（7.50 L/hm², 60× ,HC）3个浓度梯度,在谷子灌浆初期喷施于叶面,测定产量、穗部性状以及籽粒蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、碳水化合物、直链淀粉、黄色素、总黄酮、多酚等多个指标,分析谷子产量及营养品质的变化。结果表明：1） 灌浆初期叶面喷施新型腐植酸可以通过增加千粒重来增加产量,各处理的谷子产量增加幅度由高到低为HC>MC>LC>NC,MC和 HC处理分别比NC增产18.5%和19.4%,谷子增产的最适新型腐植酸浓度介于60~120 ×。2） 灌浆期喷施新型腐植酸可改善谷子籽粒品质,显著提高蛋白质、氨基酸、黄色素、多酚含量（P<0.05）。3）通过主成分分析对不同处理的多个品质指标进行综合分析,总得分由高到低为MC>LC>HC>NC,中浓度（3.75 L/hm², 120×,MC）处理对品质提升效果最好。综上,叶面喷施新型腐植酸可以提升谷子产量,改善籽粒品质,中浓度处理综合表现最好。     

黑龙江和长江散鳞镜鲤群体的种质差异分析

本文检测分析黑龙江和长江地区散鳞镜鲤Cyprinus carpio群体的主要生物学特征、生长性能、生化遗传特性。结果表明:长江群体后代鳞被分离较大;全长/体长、体长/体高、体长/体厚、体长/头长、体长/头高、头长/头高、尾柄长/尾柄高等可量性状差异显著。黑龙江群体较长江群体在1龄鱼阶段具有生长优势,2龄鱼生长无明显差异。2个群体1龄和2龄鱼的成活率无明显差异。测量不同酶在不同组织中的活性,结果发现长江散鳞镜鲤与黑龙江散鳞镜鲤在酯酶和乙醇脱氢酶的谱带活性具有一定的差异,淀粉酶、超氧化歧化酶、苹果酸脱氢酶及其他酶的带型和活性差异不明显。     

细鳞鱼的生物学特性及其在华北分布范围的变化

本文报导了细鳞鱼(Braochymystax lenokP.)的形态构造、食性及其生态环境。调查了华北地区细鳞鱼分布变化情况,并阐明由于生态环境等因素的变化是引起该种在华北地区分布范围缩小的原因,同时提出保护细鳞鱼资资源的措施。     

Summertime and early autumn activity of some enzymes in the carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism of the crucian carp

In June, July, and September the activities of five enzymes involved in the carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism, namely phosphofructokinase (PFK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), citrate synthase (CS), cytochrome oxidase (cyt ox) and 3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD), were measured in the heart, liver, red muscle, white muscle, and gill lamellae of crucian carp (Carassius carassius). LDH activity was measured in both reducing (LDHr) and oxidizing (LDHo) directions.The PFK activity in red and white muscle increased significantly between July and September indicating a preparation to winter anoxia by an increased glycylytic capacity in these organs. The HAD activity of the liver had increased significantly (by more than 50%) by September, also a preparation to winter anoxia as HAD is used in the reversed -oxidation (chain elongation of fatty acids). The LDHr and cyt ox activities in the heart and white muscle were highest in July. This shows that both the anaerobic and aerobic capacities are elevated in mid-summer when water temperature is high and oxygen concentration of the water could fluctuate greatly. The LDHo and CS activities in gill lamellae were lowest in July. The results show that the metabolism of crucian carp is under seasonal influence and that a preparation to winter hypoxia/anoxia could be detected in September.     

渔业数据失真对两种非平衡剩余产量模型评估结果的影响比较

为了研究渔业数据失真对两种非平衡剩余产量模型评估结果的影响,以南大西洋长鳍金枪鱼渔业产量和单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)数据作为基础数据,加入5种不同程度[变异系数(CV)=1%、5%、10%、20%和30%]的随机误差,模拟了(1)无数据失真,(2)仅产量数据失真,(3)仅CPUE数据失真,(4)产量和CPUE数据均失真等4种情况。利用基于ASPIC的非平衡剩余产量模型(ASM)和基于贝叶斯状态空间建模方法的非平衡剩余产量模型(BSM)分别评估了最大可持续产量(MSY)、B_(MSY)、F_(MSY)、B_(2011)/B_(MSY)、F2011/F_(MSY)等5种生物学参考点和管理指标。结果显示,在无数据失真情况下,ASM和BSM评估的MSY分别为2.866×10~4 t和2.836×10~4 t,B_(2011)/B_(MSY)分别为1.366和1.324,F2011/F_(MSY)分别为0.627和0.667,均相差不大,表明该渔业目前状态良好,ASM得到了较大的B_(MSY)(31.48×10~4 t)和较小的F_(MSY)(0.091);数据失真对ASM评估的B_(MSY)和F_(MSY)分别产生了严重的过低估计和过高估计,且CPUE数据失真产生的影响要比产量数据失真大;随着随机误差的增大,BSM评估的生物学参考点和管理指标的绝对百分比偏差有增大趋势;与ASM相比,BSM能够更好地处理渔业数据中存在的随机误差,除了MSY以外,BSM评估的生物学参考点和管理指标绝对百分比偏差均要比ASM的评估结果低,尤其是B_(MSY)和F_(MSY)。因此,在使用存在较大随机误差的渔业数据进行资源评估时,BSM具有一定的优势。     

荔枝的功能及活性成分研究现状

自古以来,中国就有荔枝各组织保健医疗功能的记载。现代医学、营养学、植物化学和药理学为荔枝的医疗和保健功能提供了坚实的证据,其功能活性成分正不断被揭示。对荔枝果肉抗氧化、"上火"和致敏原,果皮抗氧化和抗癌功效,核抗癌、抗病毒、降血糖、调血脂等功能和相关成分研究现状进行了介绍。     

植物诱导抗病技术的发展现状

对植物诱导抗病技术进行了综述;针对生物诱导因子、物理诱导因子和化学诱导因子,分析了各种诱导因子的特征和应用;指出了植物诱导抗病性研究的现状和问题;并对诱导抗病性的应用和发展方向做作了概括.     

Biological and socioeconomic implications of recreational boat fishing for the management of fishery resources in the marine reserve of Cap de Creus (NW Mediterranean)

A survey of coastal recreational boat fishing was conducted in summer 2006 in the marine reserve of Cap de Creus (NW Mediterranean) to assess the biological and socioeconomic implications of this leisure activity. Recreational boat fishers employ four different fishing techniques: bottom fishing rod, fluixa, trolling and surface fishing rod. Although the targeted species depend on the fishing method used, a total of 33 fish species were identified in the catch (8 were pelagic or benthopelagic and the rest were demersal). Fishing effort was high since fishers fished an average of 4 h/day, 8 days/month and nearly 6 months/year. Apart from the highly varied exploitation of the fauna, recreational fishing in Cap de Creus has a large economic effect on the local economy since the majority of fishers were visitors who were spending holidays in one of the villages belonging to the Park, where most of expenditures related to angling activities were made. Overall, results highlight the pressure that recreational boat fishing exerts on fish communities, particularly on littoral, demersal ones. Considering these biological and socioeconomic implications, the competition between recreational and artisanal fishers for littoral resources and the low level of compliance with the current sport fishing regulations, the implementation of a comprehensive management strategy in Mediterranean costal areas is needed.     

细足捷蚁入侵云南河口植胶区初报

研究报道2008年河口植胶区橡胶林内出现细足捷蚁,随后2009、2010年发生面积扩大,对人、橡胶树造成伤害;介绍细足捷蚁种类鉴定、形态、生物学习性和防治试验结果。     

生物防治效果评价初探

对生物防治的概念、内容、优缺点及生物防治的评价指标进行了概述。