中草药对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长及免疫力的影响

为全面准确评估中华绒螯蟹 (Eriocheir sinensis) 养殖池塘中后期水体浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系,于2022年6—10月逐月监测水质指标,同时采用基于形态学和宏基因组学的人工镜检和高通量测序两种方法分析浮游植物的群落结构特征,探讨浮游植物优势种与环境因子的关系。结果显示,人工镜检鉴定的浮游植物共4门65种,而高通量测序数据分析所得浮游植物共4门1463种,其中人工镜检鉴定的优势种为蓝藻门的水华微囊藻 (Microcystis flos-aquae)、细小隐球藻 (Aphanocapsa elachista) 以及硅藻门的中肋骨条藻 (Skeletonema costatum),而高通量测序数据分析所得优势种为蓝藻门的水华束丝藻 (Aphanizomenon flos-aquae)、铜绿微囊藻 (M. aeruginosa)。人工镜检方法计算所得多样性指数普遍低于高通量测序结果。两种方法共同分析得出溶解氧(DO)、叶绿素 a (Chl-a)、总氮 (TN) 和氨氮 (NH₃-N) 是影响浮游植物群落结构的关键环境因子。建议采用人工镜检与高通量测序法相结合的方式分析养殖期间的浮游植物群落结构,以便更全面、准确地评估养殖生态系统中的浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系。

     

中国农产品期货市场套期保值效果的影响因素

为厘清中国农产品期货市场套期保值效果的影响因素,利用结构方程模型,从基差风险、期货市场流动性、现货市场结构、期货市场制度、是否有对应的期货外盘、是否有对应的场内期权和投资者结构7个方面,分析各因素对农产品期货市场套期保值效果的直接和间接作用,探讨各因素的作用路径、作用方向和程度。结果表明：1）农产品期货市场基差风险和流动性是影响套期保值效果的中介因素;2）农产品完全竞争市场结构通过增加基差风险对套期保值效果产生间接的负向影响;3）不合理的农产品期货市场制度对套期保值效果产生直接的负向影响,并通过降低期货市场流动性对套期保值效果产生间接的负向影响;4）农产品有对应期货外盘对套期保值效果产生直接的正向影响,并通过提高期货市场流动性对套期保值效果产生间接的正向影响：5）农产品有对应期权合约通过降低基差风险和提高期货市场流动性对套期保值效果产生间接的正向影响。基于以上研究结论,本研究提出应监测农产品期货市场套期保值效果的中介因素,优化农产品期货市场制度,完善农产品风险管理工具等建议。     

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppresses hemin-aggravated colon carcinogenesis through Nrf2-inhibited mitochondrial reactive oxygen species accumulation

BackgroundPrevious studies have presented evidence to support the significant association between red meat intake and colon cancer, suggesting that heme iron plays a key role in colon carcinogenesis. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major constituent of green tea, exhibits anti-oxidative and anti-cancer effects. However, the effect of EGCG on red meat-associated colon carcinogenesis is not well understood.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of hemin and EGCG on colon carcinogenesis and the underlying mechanism of action.MethodsHemin and EGCG were treated in Caco2 cells to perform the water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 assay, lactate dehydrogenase release assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection assay, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot. We investigated the regulatory effects of hemin and EGCG on an azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colon carcinogenesis mouse model.ResultsIn Caco2 cells, hemin increased cell proliferation and the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, and ROS levels. EGCG suppressed hemin-induced cell proliferation and cell cycle regulatory protein expression as well as mitochondrial ROS accumulation. Hemin increased nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression, but decreased Keap1 expression. EGCG enhanced hemin-induced Nrf2 and antioxidant gene expression. Nrf2 inhibitor reversed EGCG reduced cell proliferation and cell cycle regulatory protein expression. In AOM/DSS mice, hemin treatment induced hyperplastic changes in colon tissues, inhibited by EGCG supplementation. EGCG reduced the hemin-induced numbers of total aberrant crypts and malondialdehyde concentration in the AOM/DSS model.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that EGCG reduced hemin-induced proliferation and colon carcinogenesis through Nrf2-inhibited mitochondrial ROS accumulation.     

保护性耕作推广中的制约因素及其对策

在保护性耕作的推广过程中存在技术、经济、文化三个方面的制约因素,它们降低了保护性耕作的发展速度。这三个方面因素有着内在联系,他们的影响通过机具数量不足的形式表现出来。本文分析了这些因素的影响,提出了相应的解决措施。     

Detection of Escherichia coli strains producing cytotoxic necrotizing factor type two (CNF2) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Sheep and rabbit antisera were produced against lysates of E. coli strain 711 (pVir). This K-12 strain carries the Vir plasmid which codes for Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor type 2 (CNF2). Immunoglobulin G (IgG) fractions of both immune sera were subsequently purified by a two-step precipitation method. To increase the specificity for CNF2, the sheep IgG preparation was extensively adsorbed against both a sonicated extract of isogenic K-12 strain 711 and intact phenol-treated cells of vaccine strain 711 (pVir). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect clinical isolates of E. coli producing CNF2, using the final preparations of rabbit and sheep IgG in a double sandwich technique. The results obtained with this CNF2-ELISA were compared to those obtained with the conventional HeLa cell cytotoxicity assay. The testing of 133 E. coli strains (49 CNF2 positive strains and 84 negative strains) resulted in no false-negative and no false-positive. Therefore, the CNF2-ELISA offers a good alternative to the HeLa cell culture assay for the detection of CNF2-producing strains where facilities for and experience with cell cultures is lacking.     

Effect of transfection of tumor necrosis factor α gene and its mutants on tumorigenicity of H22 tumor cells in vivo

AIM: To compare the tumorigenecity of H22 cells transfected with TNF-α gene and its mutants(secreted TNF-α mutant, S-TNF^m, transmembrane TNF-α mutant, TM-TNF^m and wild type of TNF-α, Wt-TNF) in vivo. METHODS: Three kinds of mouse liver cancer cell line H22 expressing TNF-α and its two mutants were mixed with untransfected H22 at different effector/target ratio separately. The growth of tumor was examined after injection of 2.5×10⁵(100 μL) mixed H22 tumor cells into mice. The lymphocyte infiltration in the site of tumor and the expression of Fas on tumor cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The tumorigenecity of H22 cells transfected with TNF-α gene and its mutants was significantly weakened( P <0.01). Besides the cytotoxicity of the both forms of TNF, TM-TNF was found to induce the expression of death receptor Fas by tumor cells and S-TNF was shown to promote frank lymphocyte infiltration in the site of tumor. Furthermore, a transient decrease in body weight was found in mice inoculated with H22/S-TNF^m. CONCLUSION: The tumorigenecity of tumor cells was reduced by transfection with TM-TNF or S-TNF gene. It results from the cytotoxicity of TNF and their activation of tumorcidal mechanisms in vivo. TM-TNF may induce tumor cell apoptosis via the Fas pathway while S-TNF may exert its antitumor effect by recruiting and activating lymphocytes in the site of tumor.     

全国各地区社会保障水平实证研究

主要利用因子分析方法,对全国31个省市自治区的社会保障水平进行了实证分析,从而得到了各地区社会保障水平的一些特点和规律,有利于各省了解各自的弱点和优势,进一步改善和提高社会保障水平.     

浅谈影响牛冻精受胎率的因素

文章从冻精质量和剂型、冻改技术水平、母畜三方面阐述了影响牛冻精改良受胎率的主要因素,旨在为牛冻精改良提高生产效率提供技术指导。     

西藏草地生态系统植被碳贮量及其影响因子分析

在广泛收集资料的基础上,利用平均碳密度方法,估算了西藏草地生态系统中17类草地植被的碳贮量,并分析了其影响因子。结果表明:(1)17类草地植被总面积为8 205.194×10~4hm~2,草地植被总碳贮量为189.367 TgC,草地植被平均碳密度为2.308 t/hm~2,不同草地植被类型差异较大,在0.396～20.471 t/hm~2之间波动;(2)从区域分布来看,阿里、那曲、日喀则3地区,既是西藏草地主要的分布区,分布面积占西藏草地总面积的84.156%,又是西藏草地生态系统碳贮量的主要贮藏库,其中植被碳贮量占整个17类草地植被碳贮量的60.278%;(3)采用逐步回归模型和主成分分析方法,分析了气候因子对西藏草地植被碳贮量的影响程度,指出降水对草地植被碳贮量的贡献大于气温。