甜菜数量性状杂交综合指数的研究

通过对40份参试材料7个主要性状的杂交综合指数的统计分析,阐述了杂交综合指数的大小与后代杂种优势、亲本特殊配合力之间的关系,表明它们之间具有较强的一致性[r#-（u·Mp）=0.7226,r#-（u·Sij）=0.3492],并明显地好于遗传距离与杂种优势、亲本特殊配合力之间的相关性[r#-（D#+2·Mp）=0.6135,r#-（D#+2·Sij）=0.2121];同时对780个杂交综合指数进行聚类分析,共划分5个类群,类群间平均杂交综合指数u=18.209,应在（u*+-）≥18.209的类群之间选择杂交亲本。本试验中满足上述条件的有Ⅰ和Ⅴ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ。     

钠离子注入甜菜种子生物效应研究初报

试验表明：Ｎａ＾＋注入甜菜种子后,在叶片过氧化物同功酶的分析中,发现酶的活与离子注入的剂量有关,低剂量的离子注入有利于酶的活化。同时产生新的酶带,其生长量和生长势也有明显增加,尤以注入剂量４＊１０＾１６和６０次脉冲处理为佳。     

长江下游生态条件与采种甜菜优质高产栽培技术的研究

长江下游地区露地越冬采种甜菜的适宜播期为８ 月上旬, 移栽期在９ 月中、下旬, 移栽期秧龄在８ ～１０ 片叶,适宜栽植密度５２５００ 株／ｈｍ２ 。冬前块根直径达４ ～５ｃｍ ,３ 月上旬挖顶芽,孕蕾期打花蕾,始花期根外喷施磷酸二氢钾,生育期要开沟降渍,及时防治病虫害     

多杀菌素对甜菜夜蛾多酚氧化酶和羧酸酯酶的影响

报道了多杀菌素对甜菜夜蛾Spodopetera exigua(Hübner)多酚氧化酶(PPO)和羧酸酯酶(CarE)的影响, 多杀菌素对甜菜夜蛾表现了很高的毒力,对三龄幼虫的LC50值为0.80 mg/L。离体条件下,1.0×10-3~0.5 mg/L多杀菌素对甜菜夜蛾多酚氧化酶的抑制率超过50％,且表现为随药剂浓度的增加抑制能力增强的趋势。活体条件下,0.1~0.8 mg/L多杀菌素在处理的早期诱导虫体内多酚氧化酶的活性增加,但12 h后却显著抑制多酚氧化酶的活性。1.0×10-3~1.0 mg/L多杀菌素在离体条件下对羧酸酯酶不表现任何抑制作用,但活体条件下同样能诱导虫体内羧酸酯酶活性增强。     

Root renewal of sugar beet as a mechanism of P uptake efficiency

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) was grown in two different long‐term P fertilization experiments on a sandy and a loamy soil. The P supply levels of the soils were ”︁low”, ”︁sufficient”, and ”︁high”, according to the German recommendation scheme. The low P level decreased shoot and storage root yield only on the loam soil, where the recovery of the P‐deficient plants after a drought period was slower than at a sufficient P supply. The size of the living root system, as determined by a conventional auger sampling method, peaked at early July and decreased until harvest on the sandy soil without any influence of the P level. On loam, the living root systems were more constant and larger at P shortage. Total root production, as determined by the ingrowth core method, was about 120 km m^—2 in the well P supplied loam treatments and 200 km m^—2 at P deficiency, which was 3—4 times and 5 times higher than the average size of the living root systems, respectively. Hence, a rapid root renewal took place. On sand, where no P deficiency occurred, total root production was not different between the P supply levels but higher than in the well‐supplied loam treatments. Modelling P uptake revealed that this root turnover and the concomitant better exploitation of the soil facilitates P uptake at a low P level in soil, but is of no advantage at a sufficient P supply. The increase of root production at P shortage increased calculated P uptake by 25% compared to a calculation with the ”︁usual” root production at a sufficient supply.     

Effect of N2‐fixing bacterial inoculations on yield of sugar beet and barley

Drawbacks of intensive farming practices and environmental costs of N fertilizers have renewed interest in bio‐fertilizers. This study was conducted in order to investigate the effectiveness of 7 N₂‐fixing bacterial isolates from various sources in sugar beet and barley production under field conditions in the higland plateau of Erzurum, Turkey (29° 55′ N and 41° 16′ E with an altitude of 1950 m) in 1999 and 2000. Seeds were inoculated with five bacterial strains of Bacillus; BA‐140, BA‐142, M‐3, M‐13, and M‐58, a strain of Burkholderia (BA‐7) and Pseudomonas (BA‐8). The bacterial strains had been demonstrated to grow in N‐free basal medium. The experiment also included applications of mineral nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and NP‐fertilizer as well as a control treatment without inoculation and fertilizer application. Two years of trials under field conditions showed that seed inoculation with bacterial strains significantly affected yield, yield components, and quality parameters both in sugar beet and barley. On an average of both years, seed inoculation of sugar beet with BA‐140, BA‐142, M‐58, BA‐7, BA‐8, M‐13, and M‐3 increased root yield by 13.0, 12.6, 10.5, 9.2, 8.1, 6.1, and 6.5% as compared to the control and sugar yield by 7.8, 6.3, 5.1, 4.0, 3.2, 2.3, and 5.3%, respectively. N, P, and NP applications, however, increased root yield up to 13.6, 5.3, and 21.4% and sugar yield by 6.1, 4.0, and 14.8%, respectively. Of the bacteria tested, BA‐140 and BA‐142 had yields equal to N application. All bacterial inoculations also gave higher seed and total biomass yields in barley than control plots. BA‐140 and BA‐142 were top yielding strains. In conclusion, bacterial seed inoculations especially with BA‐140 and BA‐142 may satisfy nitrogen requirements of sugar beet and barley under field conditions even in upland areas.     

连作模式下甜菜土壤微生物研究进展

为揭示甜菜连作模式下的土壤微生物响应机制,本研究分析了甜菜连作下土壤微生物群落区系和根际微生态研究进展,初步探讨连作甜菜土壤微生物群落变化的演变规律,着重阐述土壤微生物与根际微生态在连作条件下的作用机制,并对未来的研究方向做出展望.指出连作条件下甜菜与微生物互作是一个复杂的过程,其受多重因素共同作用,与根际微生态环境密...     

几种药剂对甜菜叶螨的田间防治效果

【目的】筛选对甜菜田叶螨有较好防治效果的化学药剂及配比。【方法】采用随机区组的试验方法,试验设7个药剂处理和1个清水对照,通过田间药效试验,采用田间喷雾的药效方法,于药后1、3和7 d定点取样调查各处理小区的叶螨数量,评价供试药剂处理对叶螨的防除效果及对甜菜的安全性。【结果】药后7 d,22%阿维·螺螨酯悬浮剂4 000倍液处理、25%三唑锡可湿性粉剂10 000倍液处理、10%阿维菌素可分散粒剂1 500倍液处理、73%炔螨特乳油2 000倍液处理、240 g/L螺螨酯悬浮剂4 000倍液处理对甜菜叶螨的防效分别达93.35%、93.51%、93.38%、91.80%和89.87%。【结论】筛选出5种对甜菜叶螨具有较好防治效果的杀螨剂,药后7 d防治效果均达89.87%以上,对甜菜安全,可在甜菜叶螨防治中合理轮换使用。     

甜菜SCoT核心引物的筛选

【研究目的】为了筛选出适合甜菜品种遗传多样性分析的SCoT引物,为SCoT引物得以在甜菜中进行深入应用奠定基础,本研究甜菜以8个来自不同国家的甜菜品种为材料对80条SCoT引物进行扩增【方法】扩增方法采用SCoT-PCR最优反应体系包含2.0 μL的10×PCR buffer（含Mg2+）、10 ng的DNA、0.5 U的Taq DNA聚合酶、10 μmol/L的引物2 μL以及0.1 μL的dNTPs (2.5 mmol/L each)。【结果】结果从80条SCoT引物中筛选出20条多态性高的引物,这20条引物最多扩增出16条多态性条带,最少扩增出2条多态性条带,扩增总条带155条,其中多态性条带为134条,多态性条带的百分比为86.5%。【结论】通过对核心引物的有效性验证,表明筛选出的20个核心引物非常适合用于甜菜指纹图谱的构建。     

甜菜DAMD引物的筛选及不同凝胶系统对扩增产物多态性的影响

为了筛选适宜于甜菜品种纯度鉴定的DAMD引物,笔者利用12 个不同的甜菜品种分别对26 条DAMD引物进行扩增,并分别采用6%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和2%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳对扩增产物进行检测。结果表明,从26 条DAMD引物中筛选出16 条扩增清晰的引物,这16 条引物共扩增出139 条带,其中多态性条带为122 条,多态性百分比为87.7%,这16 条引物可以作为甜菜品种纯度和真实性鉴定的核心引物,同时发现聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳与琼脂糖凝胶电泳的检测结果差异不大,而琼脂糖凝胶具有制作方便、检测简单以及不使用任何有毒药剂等优点,推荐甜菜DAMD扩增产物的检测使用琼脂糖凝胶电泳。