Changes in N Composition of Sugar Beet Varieties in Response to Increasing N Supply

The soluble nitrogen (N) components in sugar beet seriously impair sugar recovery. The only N component determined routinely in the sugar factory is amino N (the sum of amino acids in the beet), which is assumed to reflect all the other N components. Amino N is affected by N supply and variety, but only little is known about the other N components such as total soluble N, betaine and nitrate. This study aimed at investigating the effect of N supply on the N composition of sugar beet varieties with special emphasis on N supply by variety interactions. In 2001 and 2002, field trials with four varieties and four N treatments were carried out at six sites in Germany. Storage root yield and the concentrations of sucrose, sodium, amino N, betaine, nitrate and total soluble N in the beet were determined. With increasing N supply, the concentration of amino N increased considerably and that of nitrate slightly, whereas that of betaine remained rather constant. Thus, the N composition of sugar beet changed with increasing N supply and the percentage of amino N of total soluble N increased. Although amino N has the closest correlation with total soluble N, for quality assessment it may overestimate the effect of N supply on other N components. Varieties clearly differed in root yield and quality as well as in all N components. The variety with the lowest amino N had the highest betaine concentration. However, as related to the concentration of total soluble N in the beet, for all varieties amino N as well as betaine showed the same response pattern. This indicates that the N composition of sugar beet is determined by the level of total soluble N, irrespective of variety or N supply. All varieties required the same N supply for obtaining maximum yield or quality. N supply did not affect the ranking of the varieties for all parameters studied, consequently it need not be considered for variety choice.     

Leaf Carbon Isotope Discrimination and its Relation with Qualitative Root Traits and Harvest Index in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

Twenty commercial sugar beet varieties were grown at two sites in central Greece during the 2001 growing season (March to October), in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) in sugar beet leaves was found to be affected by site and marginally by variety. No relation was found between fresh root yield and Δ, but significant correlations were found between Δ and sucrose content (positive) and between Δ and root α‐amino‐N (negative). Also, the harvest index, determined at one site, was negatively correlated with Δ.     

The First Step Towards a Decision-support System for Sugar-beet Growing: Selection of a Basic Growth Model

Four simulation models were tested for their suitability as a basic growth model in a decision support system for sugar beet growing in The Netherlands. SUCROS and SUBEMO are complex, mechanistic models; LINTUL and PIEteR are relatively simple regression models including causal relationships at a higher level of integration. All four models are dynamic, i.e. they calculate daily development and production rates.
The selected model had to be able to predict root and sugar yields accurately and to correct for suboptimal water contents of the soil. It should be possible to include location-specific data and new modules, e.g. for nitrogen fertilization or plant density. Finally, the farmer should be able to collect the required input data easily and cheaply.
The tests showed that PIEteR predicted root and sugar yields best, partly because it contained water-balance corrections, based on location-specific soil characteristics. PIEteR could not be applied universally because of its regression character at a high level of integration, but it met the requirements specified.     

浅析饲用甜菜的发展前景

从畜牧业的发展作为农民增收和经济发展的重要途径入手，阐述了饲料行业的重要性，论述了饲用甜菜在饲料行业的优势，说明了饲用甜菜在我国畜牧业中的关键性和发展前景．     

Studies on some characteristics of nitrate reductase from sugar beet （Beta vulgaris L.）leaves

Some characteristics of nitrate reductase from sugar beet leaves shown in this paper were as follows:The nitrate reductase from sugar beet leaves required NADH as an electron donor.Accordingly,the nitrate reductase was classified as NADH-dependent(E.C.1.6.61).The Km value of the nitrate reductase for NADH and NO3^- were 0.86m mol and 0.18μ mol respectively.The optimum pH in reaction mixture solution for nitrate reduction activity was 7.5.The effect of variable concentrations of inorganic phosphorus in the reaction buffer on nitrate reductase activity was investigated.When the inorganic phosphorus concentration was below 35m mol,the nitrate reductase activity was increased with increase of inorganic phosphorus concentration.Conversely,when the inorganic phosphorus concentration was over 35m mol,the nitrate reductase activity was inhibited.The nitrate reductase activity assayed in vitro was 3.2 and 5.6times of that assayed in vivo under the condition of exogenous and endogenous ground substance respectively.     

The use of digital image analysis and real‐time PCR fine‐tunes bioassays for quantification of Cercospora leaf spot disease in sugar beet breeding

Cercospora leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercospora beticola, is a major fungal sugar beet disease worldwide and the cause of significant yield losses. The disease is most successfully countered by the introduction of genetic tolerance into elite sugar beet hybrids. To this end, breeding programmes require high quality biological assays allowing discrimination of minor differences between plants within a segregating population. This study describes the successful implementation of image analysis software in the bioassays for quantification of necrotic lesions at different stages of C. beticola infection, allowing selection on minor phenotypic differences during the sugar beet breeding process for C. beticola resistance. In addition, a real‐time PCR assay was developed for the quantification of C. beticola pathogen biomass in infected beet canopy. The use of both techniques, even in an early stage of infection, fine‐tunes current bioassays, allowing more accurate and efficient selection of resistant breeding material.     

日粮中使用低纤维饲料对奶牛消化情况影响的研究

【目的】研究在日粮中使用10 kg饲用甜菜替代3 kg玉米青贮、在日粮中使用1/3开花期和现蕾期苜蓿干草对奶牛消化情况的影响。【方法】试验采用单因素设计。根据泌乳天数、胎次、年龄、产奶量相近的原则,选取荷斯坦奶牛51头,随机分为3组,分别饲喂对照组(甜菜粕+玉米青贮+1/3开花期苜蓿干草)、试验1组(饲用甜菜+玉米青贮+1/3开花期苜蓿干草)、试验2组(饲用甜菜+玉米青贮+现蕾期苜蓿干草)3种粗饲料组合的日粮,每组混合精料相同。试验预饲期7 d,正式期43 d。【结果】日粮中使用饲用甜菜和现蕾期苜蓿干草饲喂奶牛可以提高有机物、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和无氮浸出物的消化情况,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】现蕾期苜蓿干草的品质优于1/3开花期苜蓿干草,饲用甜菜是一种低纤维多汁饲料,日粮中使用饲用甜菜和现蕾期苜蓿干草可以提高奶牛的消化情况。     

4种单体化合物对甜菜夜蛾嗅觉行为的影响

利用Y型嗅觉仪测定方法,研究了己酸、壬酸、己醇和壬醛4种单体化合物对甜菜夜蛾嗅觉行为的影响,并对4种化合物的有效剂量进行了筛选。结果表明,4种供试化合物均对甜菜夜蛾雌虫表现出明显的驱避作用。己酸的驱避活性剂量范围为稀释200～1 200倍,壬酸的有效剂量范围为稀释10～1 000倍,己醇在稀释300倍和500倍时表现出显著的驱避活性,而壬醛在稀释800～1 200倍时对甜菜夜蛾雌虫有显著的驱避作用。己酸、壬酸、己醇和壬醛驱避效果最佳的稀释倍数分别为1 000倍、500倍(和800倍)、500倍、1 000倍,驱避率依次为96%、82%、76%、82%。因此,这4种对甜菜夜蛾具有明显抑制作用的单体化合物在甜菜夜蛾的防治方面有潜在的应用前景。     

甜菜亚硝酸还原酶(NiR)基因的克隆与分析

采用简并PCR和RACE方法克隆甜菜NiR基因,并利用网络工具分析预测了其编码蛋白。结果表明,该NiR基因(登陆号:HQ224499)全长为2 014 bp,编码一个包含599个氨基酸残基的多肽链,分子质量为66.88 ku;NiR为易溶,亲水性较强的蛋白,同时有明显的疏水峰;经BLASTp比对表明,该蛋白序列与菠菜NiR蛋白同源性最高。Geno3d模建预测,NiR蛋白中有57个β转角,24个α螺旋。     

甜菜不育系和保持系创新选育方法比较

比较了甜菜雄性不育系和保持系的3种创新选育方法,即利用自交系、国外二倍体雄性不育杂优品种、多粒保持系改良创新不育系和保持系。