甜菜低磷胁迫研究进展

从磷在土壤中的存在形态、根系分泌物、根形态、生理代谢、调控机理等方面对甜菜低磷胁迫的相关研究进展进行了综述，并对今后甜菜低磷胁迫的研究趋势做了展望。     

甜菜重要农艺性状的数量性状基因座(QTL)研究进展

阐述了农作物数量性状基因座(QTL)在遗传育种中的地位和意义,介绍了作物QTL的基本原理和方法及在甜菜上的研究进展。     

外源亚精胺对盐胁迫下甜菜生长及养分吸收的影响

为了探究外源亚精胺是否具有缓解甜菜盐害作用,采用霍兰营养液室内水培方法,测定了280mmol/L NaCl胁迫条件下,喷施0.25 mmol/L外源亚精胺后,耐盐‘T510’和盐敏感‘210’甜菜品系幼苗生长、生理及其体内N、P、K养分含量的变化情况。结果发现,盐胁迫下(Na处理),除MDA和P素含量升高外,两品系甜菜幼苗的叶片相对含水量、叶面积、叶绿素含量、幼苗生物量及N、K养分含量指标均明显降低;与Na处理比,喷施亚精胺的盐胁迫处理,除MDA和P素含量降低外,其它指标明显增加,两品系甜菜幼苗生长和养分吸收状况明显改善;外源亚精胺对耐盐‘T510’品系的调节作用大于‘210’品系。因此外源亚精胺能有效缓解盐胁迫对甜菜生长的伤害,对耐盐品系的调节效果更佳。     

甜菜立枯病病原菌的分离和鉴定

旨在明确黑龙江大学呼兰校区甜菜立枯病的病原菌种类,为科学防治该病提供理论参考。以采自黑龙江大学呼兰校区的甜菜立枯病植株为试材,用形态学观察、致病性测定和分子生物学鉴定方法,依据柯赫氏法则,对病原菌进行分离和鉴定。结果表明,从发病甜菜幼苗根部上分离出的菌株L1,菌丝呈白色。大型分生孢子为镰刀型,有隔膜,小型分生孢子多为单细胞少数有隔膜。分子鉴定结果显示,该病原菌在基于ITS和tef1序列构建的系统发育树上与腐皮镰孢菌类群处同一分支。根据形态学和分子鉴定结果,确定引起黑龙江大学呼兰校区甜菜立枯病的病原菌为腐皮镰孢菌(Fusarium solani)。     

甜菜地下害虫抽样调查方法

综述了甜菜地下害虫抽样调查方法。     

A Greenhouse Test for Screening Sugar Beet (Beta Vulgaris) for Resistance to Rhizoctonia Solani

Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is a serious plant pathogenic fungus, causing various types of damage to sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). In Europe, the disease is spreading and becoming a threat for the growing of this crop. Plant resistance seems to be the most practical and economical way to control the disease. Experiments were carried out to optimise a greenhouse procedure to screen plants of sugar beet for resistance to R. solani. In the first experiment, two susceptible accessions were evaluated for root and leaf symptoms, after being grown in seven different soil mixtures and inoculated with R. solani. The fungus infected all plants. It was concluded that leaf symptoms were not reliable for the rating of disease severity. Statistically significant differences between the soil mixtures were observed, and there were no significant differences between the two accessions. The two soil mixtures, showing the most severe disease symptoms, were selected for a second experiment, including both resistant and susceptible accessions. As in the first experiment, root symptoms were recorded using a 1–7 scale, and a significant expression of resistance was observed. The average severity of the disease in the greenhouse experiment generally was comparable with the infection in field experiments, and the ranking of the accessions was the same in the two types of experiments. It was concluded that evaluation procedures in the greenhouse could be used as a rapid assay to screen sugar beet plants for resistance to R. solani.     

Production and evaluation of monoclonal antibodies for the detection of beet mild yellowing luteovirus and related strains

A sugar-beet-infecting isolate of beet mild yellowing luteovirus (BMYV), and aBrassica-infecting isolate of beet western yellows luteovirus (BWYV) were used to produce monoclonal antibodies for epidemiological studies with BMYV and related field strains. Thirty-four monoclonal antibodies were tested for their reaction with 9 luteoviruses in triple-antibody-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. One (MAFF 24) is now routinely used in the UK for detecting BMYV and BWYV in plants and aphids, although it does not discriminate between them. Heterologous reactions were detected between some of the monoclonal antibodies and potato leafroll virus (PLRV), bean leafroll virus (BLRV) and barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-RPV). 38% of antibodies raised to BWYV reacted with PLRV compared with 4% of those raised to BMYV. Monoclonal antibodies were produced which distinguished a sugar-beet-infecting isolate of BMYV with differing host range and serological properties from the commonly-occurring field strain.     

Susceptibility and resistance of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Beta vulgaris</Emphasis> subsp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">maritima</Emphasis> to foliar rub-inoculation with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Beet necrotic yellow vein virus</Emphasis>

Four lines (designated MR0, MR1, MR2, and M8) from 13 accessions of Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima were selected on the basis of phenotypes produced after foliar rub-inoculation with Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV). The susceptible phenotype developed bright yellow local lesions, whereas the resistant phenotype had symptoms ranging from no visible lesions to necrotic lesions at the inoculation site. MR1 and MR2 lines had a resistant phenotype depending on the isolate and the MR0 line was susceptible to all isolates of BNYVV tested. The M8 line was highly susceptible; the virus spread systemically and caused severe stunting. These plant lines will be useful for distinguishing BNYVV isolates having different pathogenicities, especially those controlled by RNA3 and/or RNA5.     

甜菜吸收植酸能力及植酸酶效应研究

采用土培盆法进行了甜菜对外加有机磷－植酸的吸收利用特点和植酸酶对改善甜菜磷素营养及生产产量等效应的研究，结果表明：甜菜能在一定程度上吸收利用上土壤外源植酸态磷，其生产产量效果烛施等量无机磷的７０％以上；植酸酶的应用能显著加有机磷的水解，增加溶液中磷的含量，促进甜根系生长发育，提高磷吸收速度，增加磷的吸收量，并最终体现在生产产量的增加；植酸酶的效果随配施的植酸量的增加而增加，当配施的杆得达到６０ｍｇ