泉州市森林植物检疫对象及危险性病虫(疫情)调查和疫区划定的技术研究

本文对泉州市森林植物检疫对象及危险性病虫(疫情)的种类、分布、危害程度进行了全面调查;并划定了疫区和保护区,提出了疫区、保护区的管理办法。调查成果直接应用于生产,挽回直接经济损失170多万元,取得了较为显著的经济、生态和社会效益。     

Differences in Root and Shoot Response to Limited N-supply in Oat and Spring Barley

Oat and spring barley cultivars, varying in origin and date of release, were examined in soil boxes with sloped glass-face. Considerable genotypic differences were found in shoot and root response to high and low nitrogen supply. Oat cultivars, representing a wider germplasm collection, exhibited a stronger and partially different shoot and root response to applied N-levels than barley cultivars. Cultivar-fertilization interaction effects were significant for seminal and adventitious root variation. Genotypic specificity (plasticity) in root response, as revealed in some oat and barley cultivars with a deeper penetration and more vigorous root growth under the low N-supply, was recognized to be a valuable adaptive characteristic for breeding plants on light-textured soils.     

毛竹林免耕施肥技术试验研究

在地形复杂、坡度较陡、大雨频繁的毛竹林区,采用免耕施肥技术,既不造成水土流失,又能达到增产的效果。经试验,每年施碳铵70～80kg/亩、尿素15kg/亩的试验区比对照区竹笋增产69.88％,竹材增产34.94％,毛料增产30.93％;每年施碳铵40kg/亩和尿素20kg/亩的示范区比示范前竹笋增产669.2％,竹材增产131.82％,毛料增产97.54％。本研究免耕施肥方法有:开水平沟、竹蒲头打洞和每竹眉形沟施三种,均有明显效果,但三种方法之间无显著差异。     

中国水生蔬菜作物品种资源分类的初步研究

本文对中国水生蔬菜作物品种资源的历史和现状进行了概述。认为水生蔬菜植物多原产中国,栽培驯化的历史都在1000年以上.据不完全统计,中国现有水生蔬菜作物的地方品种已达300个以上,在植物学上分属于10科12属13种,主要分布在长江流域及其以南各省,北方也有一定的栽培面积。其数量之多、分布之广,在当今世界各国中均居首位。其中有些种如茭白、莼菜等,迄今仍然只有中国及其邻近少数国家栽培和利用。为了便于对水生蔬菜的品种资源进行系统研究和合理开发利用,谨对现有品种资源的分类,提出初步看法,根据现有品种资源的历史演化过程,结合产品利用器官、生态类型、栽培性状和经济性状等层次,进行综合分类。并列举几种主要水生蔬菜作物,提出综合分类的具体意见。     

闽北优良笋用散混生竹种的初步选择

通过调查散混生竹种主要生长性状,采用坐标综合评定法,筛选出适宜闽北开发种植的优良笋用散混生竹种有高节竹、黄甜竹、红哺鸡竹、四季竹、篌竹、实肚竹、实心竹等。     

Competition Between Meadow Fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) and Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) at Three Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization, During Three Growing Seasons

Competition between timothy ( Phleum pratense L.) and meadow fescue ( Festucapratensis Huds.) under three levels of nitrogen was studied during three growing seasons under northern climatic conditions, 69° N latitude. Timothy initially had higher competitive abilities, particularly when nitrogen was added, but due to a higher regrowth capacity, meadow fescue was able to compete with timothy increasingly over time. The species differed in their growth patterns. Timothy had a higher proportion of reproductive tillers and a larger leaf area in the upper parts of the canopy at the first harvest, especially at high nitrogen-fertilization. Consequently, timothy shaded meadow fescue during the reproductive stage of growth. After defoliation, regrowth of timothy halted for one to two weeks. Meadow fescue, by contrast, had higher tiller numbers than timothy, a higher number of intact growing points, and resumed shoot-growth rapidly after defoliation. Due to these traits, the competitive abilities of meadow fescue increased each year relative to timothy.     

Optimisation of a highly efficient shoot regeneration system using leaf explants of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) by response surface methodology

Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is a major fruit crop in Asia. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was successfully employed to establish a highly efficient in vitro propagation and regeneration system for the ‘Teapot’ jujube via shoot organogenesis. Among the tested factors, gibberellic acid (GA₃) concentration showed the most significant positive effect. The pre-culture darkness timing and medium were also important factors for highly efficient shoot regeneration of the ‘Teapot’ jujube. The highest regeneration (> 75%) was achieved by 1 week in darkness and culture on wood plant medium (WPM) containing 0.25 mg·L^?1 GA₃, 0.5 mg·L^?1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.1 mg·L^?1 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA). In vitro-derived shoots rooted very well in the modified ¹/₂ Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.4 mg·L^?1 3-indolebutyric acid (IBA), resulting in a 100% rooting rate. These findings suggest that the RSM can be employed to optimise the protocols needed for successful in vitro plant regeneration of jujube cultivars, with potential applications in plant genetic transformation practices, polyploidy induction and germplasm preservation.     

PGPR菌肥对燕麦根系性状影响的研究

利用从牧草根际筛选的优良促生菌株制作溶磷,固氮及复合PGPR菌肥,并在燕麦上进行PGPR菌肥对燕麦根系影响的测定。结果表明,不同PGPR菌肥及其与化肥组合处理水平对燕麦根系性状的影响不同。其中PGPR菌肥+半量化肥处理下,不同生育期燕麦主根长,根体积和根系干重均明显高出对照(CK0),且在拔节期和抽穗期效果更为显著,与单独使用PGPR菌肥差异显著。     

黄金梨棚架树体结构相对光照强度与果实品质的关系

 为了探明棚架形黄金梨果实品质与相对光照强度和枝（梢）叶的关系,应用树冠分格方法系统研究了冠层不同部位相对光照强度的变化、枝(梢)叶空间分布特征和果实品质差异及相对光照强度与果实品质和枝（梢）叶关系。结果表明：树冠不同层次相对光照强度从上到下逐渐降低,树冠上部的相对光照强度大于树冠下部,相对光照强度小于30％的区域主要分布在树冠下部;枝（梢）垂直方向上分布主要在树冠的1.0 ～2.0 m 冠层内,水平方向分布从树冠内膛到外围差异较小;产量主要分布在光照条件较好的1.0 ～2.0 m冠层内,果实单果质量、硬度、可溶性固形物含量均与相对光照强度呈正相关,可滴定酸含量与相对光照强度呈负相关;应用多元统计分析方法,建立了果实品质与相对光照强度、相对光照强度和枝（梢）叶量关系的回归方程,获得了最佳梨果实品质因素的相对光照强度分别是：单果质量的最佳相对光强为42.17%,可溶性固形物为78.98%,硬度为70.12%,可滴定酸为59.97%;获得了整个树冠最低相对光照强度大于42.17％时,每公顷总枝（梢）量约为42.95万条,长枝、中枝、短枝的比例分别为2.61℅：6.59℅：90.8℅。