竹材密度测定方法及变异规律研究进展

文中介绍了常见的竹材密度测定方法及其特点, 阐述了竹材密度变异规律及产生密度变异的主要机理, 并简要探讨了密度变异对竹材及竹基复合材料力学性质的影响。这些成果对竹材密度的深入研究及其加工利用具有重要的参考价值。     

桉木基复合材料研究进展

桉树作为我国主要的人工林树种之一,具有品种多、生长速度快等优点,在缓解我国木材供 需矛盾上发挥了重要作用。由于桉木存在高生长应力、节疤、易变形开裂等劣势,目前工业上主要用作 纸浆、纤维板或胶合板和单板层积材的芯板,其利用方式单一,附加值较低。近年来研究者们以桉木与 塑料、竹材等材料为原料制备复合材料,展现出良好的尺寸稳定性、力学性能、阻燃性、抗菌性等性能, 有效地提高了桉木的利用价值,拓宽了桉木在人造板、集装箱等领域的应用。文章分别介绍了桉木 / 塑 料、桉木 / 竹、桉木 / 水泥、桉木 / 无机物 4 种复合材料,并对其制备工艺、性能等方面的研究进展进行 综述。     

NaCl胁迫对毛竹幼苗叶绿素荧光特性及生理指标的影响

以毛竹幼苗为材料,通过测定在不同浓度(0、50、100、150 mmol.L-1)NaCl胁迫条件下的幼苗生长、叶绿素荧光参数及生理指标的影响,结果表明:随着NaCl浓度的增加,毛竹幼苗的植株生长量、苗高生长量呈显著下降的趋势;与对照相比,NaCl胁迫条件下,毛竹幼苗叶片的PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)显著降低,PSⅡ电子传递量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)显著降低。低NaCl浓度(50 mmol.L-1)胁迫下,光化学淬灭(qP)与对照无显著差异,高NaCl浓度(100~150 mmol.L-1)胁迫下,qP显著下降。非光化学淬灭(NPQ)无显著差异;毛竹叶片的叶绿素含量在低NaCl浓度胁迫下,与对照无显著差异,高NaCl浓度胁迫下,显著降低;各个NaCl浓度处理下的毛竹叶片脯氨酸含量均有显著差异。     

麻竹笋干提取L-酪氨酸实验

采用水解法提取麻竹笋干中的L-酪氨酸,研究料液比、pH值、脱色时间等因素对提取效果的影响。结果表明：麻竹笋干提取L-酪氨酸的最佳工艺参数为：料液比1：7,pH值为5．6,脱色时间60min。在此条件下,麻竹笋干提取L-酪氨酸的提取率为0．109％。     

重金属胁迫对2种地被竹抗氧化酶与脂质过氧化的影响

采用盆栽法对4种重金属(Cd2+、Pb2+、Cu2+、Zn2+)胁迫下的菲黄竹与菲白竹叶片中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及脂质过氧化产物(MDA)进行了研究。结果表明,菲黄竹的SOD、POD、及CAT活性随着重金属浓度的增加总体趋势是先增大,之后降低,最后又增大;而菲白竹则是先升高,后降低;过氧化产物(MDA)则于酶活性的变化趋势相反。表明重金属胁迫下,2种地被竹体内的抗氧化酶活性被诱导,且菲白竹比菲黄竹有更强的耐重金属胁迫性。     

Micropropagation of Prunus scoparia,a Suitable Rootstock for Almond under Drought Conditions

Prunus scoparia is a wild deciduous shrub, usually living on dry calcareous soils of the rocky mountains and has been used as a grafting rootstock for domesticated almonds to provide drought resistance. In the current study, micropropagation ability of P. scoparia was investigated using cytokinin and auxin. Uniform nodal shoot pieces (3–5 cm in length) of seedlings were used as explants. The explants were disinfected with 10% sodium hypochlorite solution. For adventitious shoot induction and proliferation, Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing 7.00 g/l agar and 30.00 g/l sucrose containing five concentrations of benzyl adenine (BA) (0.00, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, and 4.00 mg/1) and also containing six concentrations of Thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.00, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 5.00, and 7.00 mg/1) were compared. For rooting, in vitro shoots (2–3 cm) were transferred into ½ MS medium supplemented with 30 g/l sucrose, 7.50 g/l agar, and different concentrations of IBA (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 mg/l) and NAA (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 mg/l). Based on the results obtained for shoot proliferation, only 2.00 and 4.00 mg/l BA and 2.00 mg/l TDZ concentrations generated shoots, while other treatments did not show shoot proliferation. Among the three treatments that generated shoots, the best results for shoot number, leaf number, and leaf color quality were observed in media containing 2.00 mg/l TDZ. Based on the results obtained for rooting, the effect of IBA concentrations on the rooting percentage, root number, and root length was significant. Among IBA concentrations, only 0.50 mg/l IBA induced rooting, while there was no rooting in the media containing other IBA concentrations. None of the NAA concentrations showed rooting. In conclusion, MS culture medium supplemented with 2.00 mg/l TDZ and ½ MS culture medium supplemented with 0.50 mg/l IBA are suggested for in vitro shoot proliferation and rooting of P. scoparia, respectively. The results presented herein could be used for in vitro selection and micropropagation of P. scoparia.     

Somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of five multipurpose cassava landraces extensively integrated in African cropping system

Successful development and adoption of transgenic cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) varieties in Africa depend on in vitro regeneration of landraces because of their agronomic value and amenability to genetic modification. The study investigated somatic embryogenesis from axillary bud and immature leaf-lobe explant and regeneration via shoot organogenesis in five cassava landraces. Landraces exhibited significant (P < 0.05) differences in frequencies of primary somatic embryo production, number of embryos per explant, and frequency of secondary embryos. The frequency of primary somatic embryogenesis ranged from 7.8 to 14.5%, whereas the number of embryos per explant varied from 5.3 to 10.6. However, only frequency of primary somatic embryos and number of embryos per explant showed significant (P < 0.05) differences when immature leaf lobe was used as explant. The frequency of primary somatic embryogenesis ranged from 42.7 to 49.2%, whereas number of embryos per immature leaf-lobe explant varied from 9.5 to 15.2 per explant. Secondary embryogenesis was cultivar-independent in the case of immature leaf-lobe explant. Cyclic and green (mature) embryogenesis showed no significant (P < 0.05) landrace differences in both axillary bud and immature leaf-lobe explants. Shoot regeneration from cotyledon of somatic embryos had significant (P < 0.05) landrace differences. The mean shoot-bud formation frequency of axillary bud and immature leaf-lobe explants was 51.4% and 37.2%, respectively. Root formation was efficient, with greater than 70% of shoots forming root in all landraces. Similarly, landrace differences were detected for the survival of acclimatized regenerated plants, with a mean of 94.7% for both explants. In conclusion, somatic embryos were produced from immature leaf and axillary bud explants of the landraces and the embryos were converted to plantlets via shoot organogenesis.     

Influencing in vitro clonal propagation of Chonemorpha fragrans(moon) Alston by culture media strength,plant growth regulators,carbon source and photo periodic incubation

Chonemorpha fragrans is an endangered medicinal woody climber,regarded among alternative plant sources of camptothecin.Camptothecin is a monoterpene indole anti-cancer alkaloid with annual trade value of over three billion U.S.dollars in the recent,and is used in the production of its analog drugs approved for the chemotherapy of cancer of varied types.Effects of plant growth regulators,culture media strength and photoperi-odic duration on the micropropagation ef ciency of C.fragrans from nodal segment explants were studied on Murashige and Skoog(MS)medium amended with Thidiazuron(TDZ),Benzylaminopurine(BAP)or Kinetin(Kin).Thidiazuron was more ef cient over BAP and Kin when half basal MS medium was used over full or quarter strength.Results of carbon source experiment showed sucrose as the most effective over glucose,fructose,and maltose in the clonal production.Studies on the photope-riodic incubation duration showed 12 h as the best light period and sub or supra-optimal resulted in the production of abnormal and albino micro shoots.Experimental results on the evaluation of physiological,biochemical parameters showed the role of pigment molecules and antioxidant systems in the production of albino micro shoots.     

贵州省竹类植物种类

贵州省地处中国西南地区东南部,气候温暖湿润,属亚热带湿润季风气候,降水较多,雨季明显,是我国竹类植物的主产省区之一,也是竹类资源较为丰富的省区之一。为探明贵州省分布的竹类植物现状,文章结合《中国竹类图志》《中国植物志》《贵州植物志》及竹类植物研究者统计的贵州省竹种资源,确认了贵州省分布的竹类植物有19属、76种、3变种、6变型,共85种（不包括引种）。研究结果可以为贵州竹资源基础研究和开发利用提供信息支撑。     

电子束技术在竹材仓储中的应用前景

基于电子束技术处理仓储竹材和竹制品,是核技术和林业产业交叉发展的高科技产业。将电子束技术引入竹子仓储加工领域,使辐照代替竹材化学防护剂,辐射能代替热能,可显著降低能源消耗,符合我国节能减排、环境友好等基本国策。文章在总结竹材γ射线辐照改性技术研究的基础上,阐述了“电子加速器及其衍生技术”引入竹材改性领域的优越性,可以替代⁶⁰Co实现辐照加工竹材,解决当前辐照技术在竹质材料领域应用的科学性问题,并提出基于电子束技术的竹材仓储加工和功能性改良发展方向,对于推动竹材仓储加工技术的升级,实现竹材电子束处理技术的高效化、精准化、规模化、市场化,具有深远的科学意义。