“桂香22号”等茶树良种杂交后代早期鉴定

采用田间调查法对“桂香22号”等茶树良种杂交后代出苗率及苗木生物学特征特性进行早期鉴定。结果表明:“桂香18号”♀ד福云7号”♂、“桂香22号”♀ד尧山秀绿”♂及“桂香22号”♀ד云南大叶种”♂3个组合的苗木综合性状表现良好,大部分指标均超过父母本,杂种优势显著。     

14种中药植物杀虫活性的初步研究

采用环流热提的方法获得了丁香、美洲商陆、姜黄、马钱子、土槿皮、紫荆皮、地肤子、蓖麻、巴豆、白芷、乌头、甘松、狼毒、纂芦等14种中药植物的乙醇、乙醚提取物。在实验室条件下测定了这些植物的提取物对粘虫的触杀和胃毒活性，以及乙醇提取物对嗜卷书虱成虫的熏蒸活性。结果表明。巴豆、乌头、姜黄、紫荆皮、土槿皮的杀虫活性比较明显，以稀释10倍的提取物处理后的玉米叶片饲喂粘虫，48h后，乙醇提取物的校正死亡率分别是43．3％，46．7％，22．2％，25．8％，22．6％，乙醚提取物分剐是65．0％，55．0％，60．0％，30．0％，60．0％；提取物用丙酮稀释20倍后，每头3龄粘虫点滴1μl。48h后乙醇提取物的校正死亡率分别是72．5％，25．0％，10．0％，37．5％，32．5％，乙醚提取物分别是60．0％，40．0％，35．0％，7．5％，27．5％；其中紫荆皮和土槿皮均表现出一定麻痹作用；以2mg／L紫槿皮、姜黄、丁香和商陆的乙醇提取物对嗜卷书虱进行熏蒸处理，24h后的校正死亡率为100％，95％，100％和80％，而其余的10种中药植物基本没有熏蒸活性。     

Plant species diversity of homegardens of Cuba and its significance for household food supply

The cultivation of different plants in homegardens for self-sufficiency has a long tradition in Cuba, but knowledge about homegardens in Cuba is small. To analyse this more deeply, cultivated plants of 31 homegardens were surveyed in three villages in eastern Cuba in 2001. Two of the study villages were located in a humid area with an annual precipitation of about 2200 mm. The third village was situated in a semiarid area with about 450 mm precipitation. The plants studied in the homegardens included those for human consumption such as fruits, vegetables, tubers and cereals as well as spices and medicinal plants. In total, 101 different plant species were found with an average number of 18 to 24 species per homegarden for the three villages. A broad range of species was found in all villages, because irrigation is used under semiarid conditions, which lead to a relative high similarity in species composition between the villages. But, also differences due to the climatic situation became evident, particularly with the medicinal plants. In general, homegarden production provided a broad and diverse basis for self-sufficiency of the households. Although homegarden production showed to be only a small source of income, it is particularly important because of low-paid outside work and minimal food provision of the state.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

山杏种内POD同工酶及种子可溶性蛋白分析

应用叶片POD同工酶和种子可溶性蛋白PAGE技术,研究丰产、晚花、抗冻和甜仁山杏初选优株的遗传特性及分类,结果表明,60%以上的优株具有可遗传性;叶片POD同工酶和种子可溶性蛋白多态、稳定、活性强,两个指标的聚类分析结果与形态特征和生物学特性分类基本吻合,且具有信息量大和准确性高的特点,认为二者可作为山杏种内变异的遗传标记。     

茶鲜叶中多环芳烃类化合物的分布特性研究

利用高效液相色谱法分析了不同季节、不同茶树品种、不同部位茶鲜叶中16种多环芳烃（PAHs）的分布特性。结果表明,3个茶树品种,以政和大白茶鲜叶原料中PAHs的含量和标准偏差值最小,平均含量为126.92 μg·kg^-1,偏差值为17.59 μg·kg^-1;不同部位茶鲜叶中PAHs含量及标准偏差值表现为芽<第二叶<第四叶<第六叶,芽头PAHs含量为119.13 μg·kg^-1,标准偏差值为14.36 μg·kg^-1;不同季节茶鲜叶中PAHs含量及标准偏差值呈现秋<春<夏的分布特性,秋季茶鲜叶中PAHs的含量为112.75 μg·kg^-1,标准偏差值为11.97 μg·kg^-1;同时茶鲜叶中16种PAHs主要以2、3环PAHs为主,占PAHs总量的80%左右,4~6环PAHs相对较少。     

基于高压水射流技术的植物工厂栽培板清洗研究

植物工厂以生产效率高、自动化程度高、不受自然条件影响等优点,被应用于植物生产。但植物工厂栽培板存在清洗费力、清洗不彻底问题,制约植物工厂生产效率。对比研究设计一种基于高压水射流清洗的植物工厂栽培板清洗装置,确定最优参数为水射流靶距20~60cm,水射流锥角65°,水射流压力1000Pa,口径3.5mm的扇型喷嘴。仿真分析表明植物工厂栽培板清洗装置可以达到有效清洗目的,为植物工厂清洗装置配套设计提供参考,有效提高植物工厂的工作效率。     

基于生态价值的玉田县适生植物资源实地调查与评价

为探索玉田县适生植物资源,进行实地调查,立足于植物资源的生态价值,运用生态服务价值评价与当量因子法研究不同区域的适生植物。结果表明,玉田县北部褐土丘陵地带应多种植榆树、黄栌、油松等植物;中部平原草甸地带应种植紫穗槐、栾树与侧柏等,植物与园林观赏植物交叉种植;南部脱沼泽化潮土区域应多种植油松、栾树、臭椿等植物,补充种植牡荆等观赏植物。     

Comparison of hydroponic culture and culture in a peat/sand mixture and the influence of nutrient solution and plant density on seed potato yields

Summary Two culture systems for propagating first generation potatoes were compared; the traditional system used a peat/sand mixture with mineral fertilizer, and hydroponic culture used perlite and nutrient solution. Total production and the number of tubers obtained using the hydroponic system were significantly higher than using the traditional culture system. Tuber yields from in vitro plants and minitubers depended upon time of year. During the autumn/winter cycle yield from minitubers was double that from in vitro plants, whereas the reverse was true during the spring/summer cycle. Four hydroponic test cultures were carried out to study the influence of seed density. The number of tubers obtained increased significantly with seed density but there was no decrease in the number of large-diameter tubers.     

北京市园林植物个体大小及株数分布等相关特性的研究

采用抽样调查方法,设置了138个样点,调查了2 789株样木的胸径(地径)、树高、冠幅直径等指标,对北京市城区现有园林植物的个体大小(胸径、树高、冠幅)、平均状况、按直径株数分布、按树高株数分布、径高关系模型、直径冠幅模型等进行了研究,探讨了园林植物与自然条件下植物截然不同的统计特性。     

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为益阳城市公园生态环境建设和植物多样性保护提供依据,通过对益阳市梓山湖公园、秀峰公园和会龙山公园等12个公园的植物应用情况进行调查,并结合对相关资料的收集、整理,研究益阳城市公园中植物的应用状况.结果表明:益阳城市公园绿化植物共计93科176属235种,其中乡土植物共73科116属139种,占益阳城市公园绿化植物的59.2％;在乡土植物的不同应用类型中,常绿乔木应用比例较少,占34.5％,但香樟、桂花和杜英等个别树种应用范围广;指出了乡土植物在益阳城市公园应用中存在的问题,并提出了相应对策建议.