额济纳盆地植物地下微生境深度范围的确定——土壤酶指示法

地下微生境位置的确定对于干旱区植被生态系统的恢复具有重要意义,但目前尚没有准确、简单可行的确定方法.应用额济纳盆地的野外调查与室内实验数据,分析了3类植物群落结构(草本 灌木组合、灌木 乔木组合及草本 灌木 乔木组合)中的土壤过氧化氢酶活性曲线.结果发现:过氧化氢酶活性曲线的各峰值区与植物群落中各生活型植物的根群位置对应,而已有研究指出植物的根群位置正与植物的地下微生境位置对应.因此,可以通过分析过氧化氢酶活性曲线来确定植物地下微生境的空间位置.     

Biological activity and characterization of nucleopolyhedrovirus isolates ofSpodoptera litura

Geographical isolates ofSpodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltNPV), collected from different parts of India and maintained at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, were compared for their biological activity and subjected to Restriction Endonuclease (REN) analysis. Neonate and second instar bioassay studies revealed similarity in biological activity as shown by the overlapping fiducial limits of LC₅₀ values. However, there were differences in yield among isolates: significantly higher yields were obtained from isolates UAS and CBE than from the BARC isolate. REN analysis of the four isolates withPst I,Hind III,Bam HI andEco RI enzymes indicated genotypic variation among the isolates. Based on the commonality of the bands, the isolates could be broadly divided into two groups: isolates AU and CBE formed one group, and the other group comprised UAS and BARC based on genetic relatedness. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 21, 2005.     

黄芩抗鸡大肠杆菌作用的研究

通过体外试验和体内试验两种方法研究了黄芩抗鸡大肠杆菌的作用。结果表明，黄芩水煎液对鸡大肠杆菌的最小体外抑菌浓度为2．5g／mL；当药物浓度为5g／mL时可使7日龄雏鸡获得90％以上的攻毒保护；药物浓度为10g／mL时可使100％雏鸡获得攻毒保护，说明黄芩可以对抗鸡大肠杆菌，用于防治鸡的大肠杆菌病。     

微粒蒙脱石对猪组织铅水平、红细胞生成和肝脏ALA-D酶活性及铅诱导的脂质过氧化的影响

选60头体质量约33kg的“杜长大”杂交猪，随机分成2组，每组3个重复，一组饲以基础日粮＋10mg/kg铅＋0.5％微粒蒙脱石，另一组饲以基础日粮＋10mg／kg铅作为对照。研究结果表明：添加微粒蒙脱石组与对照组相比，明显降低了猪全血、脑、肝、肾、骨和毛等组织中铅含量：通过血细胞计数、血红素和血球容积测定表明，添加微粒蒙脱石组的红细胞生成显著增高，且肝脏中ALA—D酶活性显著提高。铅对肝脏的损伤作用明显。表现为丙二醛（MDA）含量显著升高（17．08％），过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）含量分别降低85．73％、52．17％、47．56％，而在日粮中添加微粒蒙脱石可以显著改善铅诱导的上述损伤。结果提示，微粒蒙脱石对铅中毒有潜在的治疗作用。     

不同采收季节对叶用芥菜类黄酮物质含量和抗氧化活性的影响

 以10个不同基因型叶用芥菜为试材, 研究了不同采收季节对其总酚含量、类黄酮含量和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明春季采收的总酚含量、抗氧化活性显著高于冬季采收的。叶用芥菜含有槲皮素和山奈素两种类黄酮化合物, 春季采收的槲皮素和山奈素含量高于冬季采收的。基因型间总酚、槲皮素和山奈素的含量及抗氧化活性均存在较大的差异, 并与生长季节有极显著的互作关系, 表明生长季节对不同基因型叶用芥菜酚类物质积累和抗氧化活性有较大的影响。总酚、槲皮素和山奈素的含量分别与抗氧化活性呈极显著和显著正相关。     

Effect of soil water stress on the development of stone cells in pear (Pyrus pyrifolia cv. ‘Niitaka’) flesh

This study was carried out to investigate the cause of stone cell formation in pear (Pyrus pyrifolia cv. ‘Niitaka’) flesh. Potted plants grown in a glass house were subjected to water stress conditions without irrigation for 30 days from 30 days before full bloom (BFB treatment), full bloom (FB treatment) and 30 days after full bloom (AFB treatment). Control plants were drip-irrigated daily maintaining a soil matrix potential around −40 ± 5 kPa. The formation of stone cells in pear flesh increased in the FB treatment and AFB treatment plants and this tendency was sustained until the harvest season. Root activity was investigated 60 days after full bloom (DAFB) and the triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction potential, the formazan content and leaf water potential were investigated 30, 45, and 60 DAFB. Root activity decreased progressively due to the effect of water stress. Also, the Ca content in leaf and flesh was lower. The peroxidase activity was high in the flesh at the early stages of fruit growth and decreased at the late stages of fruit growth, and then a higher increase of peroxidase activity was observed in water-stressed fruit. The reduction in calcium content of leaf and fruit in plants under water stress may be related to the reduction of root activity and leaf water potential. The increase in peroxidase activity under water stress may be due to limited calcium absorption. Higher peroxidase activity may induce the accumulation of lignin in the cell wall and promote the formation of stone cells in pear flesh. We conclude that water stress condition during the early stages of fruit growth is one of several factors that determine the formation of stone cells in pear flesh.     

N-(7-氟-3-氧-3,4-二氢-苯并噁嗪-6-基-)乙酰胺类化合物的合成及除草活性

为了寻找高效、安全的具有除草活性的新化合物,利用2-取代乙酰氯和2H苯并噁嗪-3-酮反应合成了9个N-(7-氟-3-氧-3,4-二氢苯并噁嗪-6-基-)乙酰胺类化合物,其结构经元素分析、IR、1H NMR确证。初步除草活性测试表明:在有效剂量75 g/hm2下,化合物 5d 芽后茎叶处理对刺苋Amaranthus spinosus等4种杂草显示出90%以上的抑制率。     

抑菌霉素A17对12种病原真菌及3种害虫的生物活性

从稀有放线菌7310菌株的发酵菌丝中经溶媒萃取和硅胶柱层析初步分离出来一种活性成分，经结构鉴定为新结构化合物——抑茵霉素A17。抑茵霉素A17杀虫活性结果表明，对家蝇具有很强的杀虫活性，其LC50值仅为1．56μg／ml，并能在较短的时间内击倒供试虫体；对菜粉蝶和小菜蛾幼虫也具有较强的杀虫活性，LC50值分别为106．27和172．9μg／ml。以常见的12种病原真菌作为供试菌，在室内进行了抑菌霉素A17抑菌活性的定性及定量分析，结果表明抑菌霉素A17硅胶层析粗提物对12种供试真菌中的甘薯软腐病病菌、柑桔酸腐病病菌、桃黑星病病菌、番茄早疫病病菌、番茄芽枝病病菌、莴苣菌核病病菌、荔枝霜霉病病菌、炭疽菌、弯孢霉、拟茎点霉和果腐葡萄孢的菌丝生长有明显的抑制作用，其中对拟茎点霉的活性最强，抑制中浓度仅为0．1μg／ml。     

杀虫植物非洲山毛豆的研究

非洲山毛豆原产于热带非洲,是一种优异的杀虫植物。本文对其生物活性、杀虫有效成分、作用机理、加工使用等方面进行了概述。     

盐胁迫下嫁接伽师甜瓜植株生长与多胺以及多胺氧化酶活性的关系

3种浓度NaCl对嫁接伽师瓜植株生长和产量没有显著抑制作用,而对自根伽师瓜植株的生长和产量产生明显的抑制作用,并随处理浓度的提高抑制作用明显增强。150mmol/L的NaCl胁迫35d嫁接伽师甜瓜植株叶片和根系中的3种形态多胺都有不同程度的下降,其中游离态多胺下降幅度最大;高氯酸不溶性结合态多胺含量变化较小。根系中PAO的活性先上升后下降,而叶片中PAO的活性先下降后上升。游离态多胺中,亚精胺和精胺(Spd+Spm)的含量变化与相应部位PAO的活性变化趋势相反,表明PAO在盐胁迫下可能调节了游离态多胺的含量从而影响高氯酸可溶结合态与高氯酸不溶结合态多胺的含量。