Effect of luteinizing hormone oscillations on progesterone concentrations based on treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist in heifers

Close temporality has been reported between the episodic secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone (P4) during the midluteal phase and preceding the beginning of luteolysis in cattle. In the present studies, the relationship between LH and P4 was examined by blocking LH oscillations with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, acyline. In a titration study, the minimal single acyline dose for blocking LH oscillations in heifers was 3 μg/kg. The main experiment compared LH and P4 concentrations and oscillations between a group treated with acyline on day 15 after ovulation (n = 8) and a control group (n = 4). Concentrations of P4 in blood samples collected every 8 h on days 13 to 18 indicated that acyline treatment did not alter the time that luteolysis began or the length of the luteolytic process. In blood samples collected every hour for 24 h beginning at the hour of treatment, acyline reduced the LH concentrations and blocked LH oscillations. The hourly LH means were 0.06 to 0.08 ng/mL, comparable to the mean concentration at the nadirs of LH oscillations in controls (0.07 ng/mL). During the hourly sampling, the GnRH antagonist produced the following P4 responses: (1) lower P4 concentrations, (2) fewer and reduced prominence of P4 oscillations, and (3) increased length and variability in the interval between the peaks of P4 oscillations. Results indicated that LH oscillations affect both the prominence and the rhythmicity of P4 oscillations during preluteolysis but not the onset and length of luteolysis.     

雌激素拮抗剂对三疣梭子蟹卵巢发育及相关基因表达的影响

通过活体注射、养殖实验和荧光定量PCR等方法,研究了不同浓度他莫昔芬(TAM)对三疣梭子蟹雌体成活率、卵巢指数、肝胰腺指数及卵巢发育相关基因表达的影响。结果显示,不同浓度TAM对雌体存活率和肝胰腺指数均无显著影响,但在一定程度上抑制了卵巢指数。不同组织中的卵黄蛋白原(Vg)、雌激素相关受体(ERR)、维甲酸受体(RXR)和蜕皮激素受体(Ec R)基因表达均受到了TAM的影响,Vg基因在卵巢和肝胰腺中的表达水平明显受到TAM的抑制;低浓度TAM组(6.7和13.4μg/g)促进了卵巢和胸神经节中的ERR基因的表达,但高浓度TAM(20μg/g)抑制了大部分组织中ERR基因表达水平;外源注射TAM对三疣梭子蟹卵巢和肝胰腺中的Ec R基因表达的变化模式与ERR基因基本相似;此外,低浓度TAM促进了卵巢中RXR基因的表达,对肝胰腺中RXR基因表达无显著影响。研究表明,TAM通过抑制Vg基因表达影响卵巢发育,同时ERR和Ec R可能参与了雌激素或雌激素拮抗剂对三疣梭子蟹卵巢发育的调控过程。     

蜡蚧轮枝菌拮抗菌——粪产碱杆菌生物学特性的初步研究

分离到了一种对蜡蚧轮枝菌具有明显抑制作用的细菌,采用生理生化反应方法对该细菌进行种类鉴定.结果表明,该细菌为粪产碱杆菌(Alcaligenes faecalis)菌株.在不同温度下对该细菌的生长速度和对不同抗生素的敏感性进行研究,发现在弱酸性条件下,该菌生长最快的温度为30-39℃,对卡那霉素、氯霉素、四环素、链霉素都敏感,对卡那霉素的完全抑制最低浓度为60μg.mL-1.     

Impact of preharvest application of biological control agents on postharvest diseases of fresh fruits and vegetables

During the storage of harvested commodities, environmental parameters are quite stable. For this and other reasons, it is generally believed that biological control by means of microbial antagonists may have a greater potential for success when applied postharvest. However, one of the major obstacles to the development of postharvest biocontrol agents is that they are unable to control previously established infections, such as latent and quiescent infections and incipient infections occurring through wounds resulting from harvesting operations. Field application of biocontrol agents may enable early colonisation of fruit surfaces, thus protecting from these infections. Moreover, preharvest applications can be an appropriate strategy for fruits and vegetables subject to damage in postharvest handling. To be successful in preharvest applications, putative biocontrol agents must be able to tolerate low-nutrient availability, UV radiation, high temperature and dry conditions. Some reports of postharvest biological control accomplished by preharvest applications, include apples, avocados, sweet cherries, grapes, and strawberries. This paper provides a brief overview on particular aspects of preharvest application of biocontrol agents to reduce postharvest decay. Research areas relevant for the development of this strategy are also indicated.     

大棚甜瓜三种主要真菌病害拮抗细菌的筛选与鉴定

从甜瓜根际土壤、牦牛粪、蚯蚓粪等样品中分离出245株细菌,用平板对峙法筛选出14株对甜瓜枯萎病菌具有良好抑制作用的菌株,分别采用管碟法和凹玻片法测定拮抗细菌发酵液对甜瓜枯萎病的抑制效果和对甜瓜白粉病菌、甜瓜霜霉病菌孢子囊萌发的抑制效果。抑菌试验结果显示,菌株FCJ2发酵液对甜瓜枯萎病菌的抑制率为64.7%,对甜瓜白粉病菌、甜瓜霜霉病菌孢子萌发抑制率为62.3%、49.2%。盆栽试验结果显示,FCJ2对甜瓜枯萎病、甜瓜白粉病和甜瓜霜霉病的防效分别为88.5%、93.6%和82.6%,与农药对照组相比均具有显著差异(P0.05)。经形态特征鉴定、生理生化特征鉴定及16S rDNA序列分析,确定FCJ2为芽孢杆菌属枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis。     

地高辛标记核酸探针检测重组人白细胞介素1受体颉颃剂中DNA残余量的研究

试验旨在建立重组人白细胞介素1受体颉颃剂(interleukin-1 receptor antagonist,IL-1ra)原液中宿主菌DNA残余量的检测方法。以重组白细胞介素1受体颉颃剂工程菌基因组DNA为模板,优化试验条件,借助超声波手段,制备地高辛标记的核酸探针, 并以此探针进行狭缝杂交及显色反应。结果显示,在24 批次重组人IL-1ra原液中,每人份使用剂量的宿主DNA残余量均小于10 ng。结果表明,该方法灵敏度较高、特异性较强、重复性较好、操作步骤安全且较为方便,可用于重组人IL-1ra原液及半成品的DNA残余检测。     

水稻纹枯病菌菌核上的真菌和细菌种类及其对水稻纹枯病菌生长的影响

 A total of 136 fungal and 86 bacterial isolates were isolated from the sclerotia of Rhizoctonia solani,collected from three different sources.These fungal isolates were identified as the following 12 genera:Alternaria,Aspergillus,Cladosporium,Coniothyrium,Curvularia,Gliocladium,Fusarium,Metarhizium,Peni-cillium,Phoma,Phytophthora and Trichoderma.Some isolates of Trichoderma and Gliocladium were found to inhibit the growth of R.solani strongly in vitro.Among the 86 bacterial isolates,20 of them could inhibit the growth of R.solani,whereas 5 isolates were found to promote the growth of mycelia and the formation of sclerotia of R.solani.These bacterial isolates with antagonistic actives to R.solani were identified as Bacillus and Pseudomonas.     

辣椒疫病拮抗真菌ASD菌株发酵优化研究

利用从土壤中分离筛选出的1株高效拮抗辣椒疫病的真菌ASD菌株,采用含毒介质菌碟法进行抑菌试验,优化不同培养基配方(包括碳源、氮源、无机盐离子)及发酵条件(包括发酵时间、温度、pH、转数、装液量),并利用单因子试验结果进行正交试验,以得到最佳抑菌效果的优组合。单因子试验结果表明,最佳营养成分为葡萄糖、甘氨酸、0.1 g/L KCl及MgSO4.7H2O、0.05 g/L FeSO4,最佳培养条件为pH 6、25℃、220 r/min、30 mL/100mL;正交试验结果表明,pH影响最大、氮源影响最小,根据K值得出发酵最优组合为葡萄糖、甘氨酸、0.03 g/L FeSO4、pH 6、于30℃180 r/min摇床培养5 d。     

L—半胱氨酸、坑坏血酸和吲哚乙酸延缓外施乙烯促进橡胶叶片衰老的效应

外施一定浓度的乙烯利会促进豫胶叶片外观变黄衰老,叶内部发生水溶性蛋白质、叶绿素含量和过氧化氢酶活性下降,以及细胞透性、丙二醛含量和过氧化物酶活性上升等生理生化反应。用乙烯利加等浓度的L—半胱氨酸(或抗坏血酸或吲哚乙酸)处理,则会减轻上述变化和反应。 L—半胱氨酸等三种药剂对外施乙烯促进叶片的衰老,特别是连体叶片的衰老只能起延缓作用而未能完全拮抗。 L—半胱氨酸延缓外施乙烯;促进橡胶叶片衰老的效应,大于抗坏血酸和吲哚乙酸。