镇江市古运河河岸沉积物氮及有机质分布特征

为揭示镇江市古运河河岸带表层沉积物中氮元素含量的分布特征,结合古运河周边环境状况,选择6个典型的采样点对其表层沉积物进行样品采集,对各样品沉积物总氮（TN）,氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）,硝氮（NO₃^--N）,亚硝氮（NO₂^--N）以及有机质（O.M）和pH值进行了分析,并根据经验公式对沉积物有机氮进行了计算。结果表明,TN,NH₄⁺-N,NO₃^--N,NO₂^--N以及Org-N含量介于0.39~2.40 g/kg,1.63~11.31 mg/kg,2.46~6.95 mg/kg,0.54~2.29 mg/kg,0.99~2.32 g/kg,总氮和有机氮的变异系数最大,为83.59%,氨态氮、硝态氮以及亚硝态氮的变异系数介于40.36%~49.15%,表现为中等离散程度,表明研究区域总氮和有机氮的离散程度较高,其在空间分布上呈现较为明显的异质性;古运河沉积物有机质含量介于0.99%~2.32%,变异系数为32.50%,表现为中等变异性,表明各采样点的沉积物有机质含量变化幅度中等;通过沉积物C/N值来判断,古运河有机质主要以陆源贡献为主;相关性分析结果表明,NO₂^--N与TN的关系最为密切,而氨氮与硝氮、亚硝氮以及有机氮之间的相关性不强,说明氨氮与其他形态氮在沉积物方式上存在一定的差异性。此外,pH值对古运河表层沉积物氮形态的具有较为显著的影响。     

自然博物馆的生态文明教育功能与发展对策研究——以西南林业大学世界古茶树原产地资源展馆为例

自然博物馆,作为近年来国内兴起的新鲜事物引起了大众的广泛关注,既是面向大众宣传生态文明教育的重要场所,也是建设生态文明的重要文化传承载体。本文以西南林业大学世界古茶树原产地资源展馆为例,归纳展馆对生态文明教育的重要意义,分析展馆运转中存在的问题,给出让展馆"亮起来"、"动起来"、"活起来"、"大起来"的措施,以更好实现展馆的生态育人功能。     

Characteristics of Soil Fertility of Buried Ancient Paddy at Chuodun Site in Yangtze River Delta, China

Field investigation and laboratory analysis of 22 ancient paddy soils excavated at Chuodun site, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, China were carried out in 2003 to （1） understand the basic characteristics of ancient paddy soils, （2） compare the difference of soil fertility between ancient paddy soils and recent paddy soils, and （3） inquire into mechanisms of the sustainability of paddy soil. The oldest paddy soils at Chuodun site can be dated back to Neolithic age, around 6000 aBP. These ancient fields were buried in about 1-m deep from the soil surface and their areas ranged from 0.32 to 12.9 m^2 with an average of 5.2 m^2. The paddy soils with 〉 5 000 pellets phytolith g^-1 soil were termed intensively cultivated paddy soils （ICPS） and those with 〈5000 pellets phytolith g^-1 soil were called weakly cultivated soils （WCPS）. The contents of organic carbon （OC）, and total N in the former were significantly higher than that in the latter. Ancient paddy soils had higher soil pH and C/N, total and available P, and lower contents of OC, DOC, total N, S, Cu, Fe, and available K, S, Fe, Mn, and Cu compared with recent paddy soils, which were attributed to application of chemical and manure fertilizers, pollution and acidification in recent paddy soils. The variation coefficients of OC and other nutrients in ancient paddy soils with higher PI were greater than that in ancient paddy soils with low PI, which indicated that human activities had a great impact on the spatial variability of soil nutrients. The contents of OC, total N, P and S in ancient paddy soils were higher than that in ancient moss of the same age, which indicated that planting rice during Majiabang culture period was beneficial to the accumulation of those life elements.     

粒度特征分析方法在某古堆积体物质研究中的应用

在野外实际调查及室内实验的基础上,主要从粒级组成和粒度曲线两方面对古堆积体物质的粒度特征进行分析研究,结果表明：（1）古堆积体物质中以粗颗粒的砾石和细颗粒的粉砂为主;（2）古堆积体固体物质频率曲线中,在0-2、5-6和7-8范围内出现峰值;古堆积体物质的累积曲线两端较陡,中间平缓,具有两个明显的拐点;根据概率曲线,古堆积体物质中滚动组分和悬浮组分含量较高。     

长江三角洲绰墩遗址古水稻土孢粉和植硅体分析

A number of paddy fields pertaining to the Majiabang Cultures （5500-3800 years BC） were discovered during the archaeological excavations that were carried out since 1998 at the Chuodun site in the Yangtze River Delta. The pollen and phytolith analyses of two soil profiles from the northeastern part of this site were carried out to trace the agricultural practices of the Neolithic period. The phytolith results showed that rice domestication in the Yangtze River Delta could be traced back to as early as the Majiabang Culture. The pollen assemblage also revealed low levels of aquatic species, similar to that in modern paddy fields. This finding suggested that humans might have removed weeds for rice cultivation during the Neolithic period. Thus, pollen analysis in association with phytolith analysis was a promising method for identifying ancient paddy fields.     

郑州市中心城区古树资源特征分析及保护对策

基于2018年郑州市古树普查数据及实地调研数据,利用Excel、ArcGIS、SPSS等软件对郑州市中心城区古树资源现状及保护现状进行分析。调查结果显示,郑州市中心城区古树共222株,属于17科26属27种,其中一级古树数量最多,三级古树数量最少,树龄结构稳定,生长态势良好;古树资源呈聚集状态,并多分布于生态环境良好的地区;古树生长主要受环境、土壤、市政建设、养护、病虫害、人为损害等影响;古树保护中存在保护措施粗放、保护力度不够、专业队伍缺失、财政保护资金不足、古树保护宣传力度弱等问题。以期为城市中的古树名木的调查统计和保护提供了数据依据及具有科学性和实施性的策略。     

现代木结构建筑在森林公园中的应用研究

概述了木结构建筑在国内的应用范围,介绍了现代木结构建筑优点,分析了现代木结构建筑在森林公园中,尤其是在国家级森林公园中的应用优势,为森林公园规划设计中采用木结构建筑提供参考。     

The Planning Management Experience and Enlightenment of the Cityscape Inheritance of the Ancient City of Yangzhou

China is currently facing the problem of large-scale destruction of the overall cityscape brought about by the rapid development of the city. The optimization of urban stocks and the improvement of urban quality have become the necessary paths for major cities to improve their urban soft power and obtain secondary economic growth. At present, most cities in China are still in the exploratory period of the protection of the cityscape, facing the dilemma of various ways but poor effects. Since the 1990 s, Yangzhou has begun to protect and inherit the cityscape, accumulating systematic protection methods and retaining the complete cityscape. This paper analyzed the characteristic cityscape of the ancient city of Yangzhou, sorted out its strategic methods in the planning management, and summarized the local experience in the inheritance of the characteristic cityscape, in order to provide a reference for China's future cityscape protection work.     

同位素和微量元素分析在古代人类食物结构研究中的应用

本研究通过对山东沭河上游大汶口文化晚期及春秋战国时期2块人骨的碳、氮同位素分析和无机成分的锶、钡、钙等微量元素分析,探讨了同位素和微量元素分析在古代人类食物结构研究中的应用问题。研究结果表明同位素分析结果能够揭示当时人的食物到底以C3植物、C4植物、食草动物、海产资源的哪个为主这一问题,而微量元素分析结果能够在同位素分析所分类的大类型中,进一步探讨具体的动植物种类。