腾冲县古银杏资源的分布和结构特征

通过访谈、查阅文献资料与实地调查,对云南省腾冲县古银杏资源的分布、数量及结构特征进行分析。结果显示,腾冲县共有古银杏3000余株,分布在界头乡和固东镇;其中107株古银杏有生长指标,雌株占94.34％;树高最大为30.0 m,最小为9.5 m;树龄最长为610年;胸径最大为3.08 m;平均冠幅最大为18.8 m。垂乳银杏有82株,单株垂乳个数最多为78个,垂乳最长达0.70 m;复干银杏有56株,单株复干数最多为15株,复干胸径最大为0.95 m;叶籽银杏有4株。     

会稽山古香榧群传统农业动态保护途径探讨

香榧是古老的中国原产树种和世界稀有的经济树种,具有果用、药用、油用、观赏等众多功能。会稽山区是香榧的原产地和主产地,其千年古香榧群是一种重要的农业文化遗产。在系统分析会稽山古香榧群特点基础上,提出了会稽山古香榧群传统农业保护的重要意义及动态保护的主要途径。研究对于保护好会稽山千年古香榧群,合理利用其优良种质资源,促进古香榧群传统农业的继承与发展具有一定的指导意义。     

浅谈天津盘山地区古树名木资源保护

本文介绍了天津市盘山地区古树名木的基本现状,分析了近些年来在古树名木的保护上出现的一些问题,进而提出了加强古树名木保护的几点建议     

民用建筑的防雷保护

民用建筑防雷工程是一个系统工程,其防雷设计必须有整体观念,应根据其重要性、实用性、发生雷电事故的可能性及后果,因地制宜地采取防雷措施。主要从外部防雷和内部防雷两方面对民用建筑防雷进行阐述,以期为民用建筑安全防雷提供参考。     

江苏省银杏古树资源调查

以江苏省银杏古树为对象,通过实地调查和查阅资料,结果表明:江苏省有银杏古树11 858株,分布在13个市,64个县(市、区)和130个乡(镇).其中632株具生长指标,雌株占74.65％.树高最大为40.0m,最小为7.0m;树龄最长为2000 a;胸径最大为3.03 m,最小仅为0.18m;平均冠幅最大为32.0 m,最小为0.8m.垂乳银杏有16株,单株垂乳个数最多为57个,垂乳最长达2.18m,基径最粗达0.30 m;复干银杏有17株,单株复干数最多为12株,复干胸径最大为0.9m,最高达18.0 m.集中分布的古银杏株数超过10株则视为1个群落,江苏典型的古银杏群落有10个.群落平均树龄最大为300 a,最小为100 a;平均胸径最大为0.64m,最小为0.35 m;平均树高最大为17.0 m,最小为11.5 m;平均冠幅最大为9.5m×9.6m,最小为6.0 m×6.4 m.     

Historical DNA as a tool to genetically characterize the Mediterranean sand tiger shark (Carcharias taurus,Lamniformes: Odontaspididae): A species probably disappeared from this basin

1. The sand tiger shark (Carcharias taurus) is a coastal species distributed in temperate and sub‐tropical waters, classified as ‘Vulnerable’ at global level and ‘Critically endangered’ in eastern Australia, south‐western Atlantic Ocean, and Mediterranean Sea. Six populations (north‐western Atlantic, Brazil, South Africa, Japan, eastern Australia, and western Australia) with low genetic diversity and limited gene flow were identified worldwide, but genetic information for many other geographic areas are still missing. Specifically, this species is listed in several reports as part of the Mediterranean fauna, even if there has been a lack of catches and sightings in recent years in this basin. To clarify the origin of C. taurus individuals caught in the past in the Mediterranean Sea, historical samples were genetically analysed.
2. Nine samples with certain Mediterranean origin were collected from different European museums. DNA was extracted and ~600 bp of the mitochondrial DNA control region were amplified using eight overlapping species‐specific primer pairs. Sequences obtained were aligned with all the haplotypes globally known so far.
3. Genetic analysis revealed the misidentification of one museum specimen. Among the remaining Mediterranean historical samples, three different haplotypes were recovered. Two of them previously observed only in South Africa and one described in both South African and Brazilian populations.
4. Results suggest a genetic relationship between Mediterranean sand tiger sharks and those from the western Indian Ocean. According to previous studies, we hypothesized that, during the Pleistocene, the cold Benguela upwelling barrier was temporarily reduced allowing the passage of C. taurus individuals from the Indian to Atlantic Ocean. After the restoration of this phylogeographic barrier some individuals were trapped in the Atlantic Ocean and probably migrated northward colonizing the western African coasts and the Mediterranean Sea.

     

浅论《孙子兵法》谋略思想对大学古代汉语教学的启示

《孙子兵法》这部我国古代最早最伟大的兵书,作为一种能激发学生兴趣的教学资源,它的理论在选择教师、教师做好授课前的准备、教学中采用灵活多样的授课方法等方面给古汉语教学提供了有益的启示。     

农村自建房设计个案探析

基于一种乡土文学创作方法的启示,以江西省鄱阳县花桥村一栋农村住宅为设计对象,针对城镇化过程中农村自建房建设问题,提出现代农村建筑设计应该贴着实用、贴着技术、贴着习俗。结合实践,在分析基址概况的基础上,从功能布局,结构、施工与经济问题,文化思考的角度详细阐述了该项目的方案设计思路,强调贴着实际情况设计出来的建筑是易于为农村居民所接收的。希望这种＂贴着设计＂的房子越来越多,在农村发挥其示范作用,并在建筑设计及农村景观方面为农村建设提供理论参考依据和指导,进而使农村自建房建设走上良性循环道路。     

古汉语说话问话提示语的信息特征

古汉语表示问话、说话的提示语形式很多,单一型、复合型最为普遍。单一型提示语语义平实,意义简洁、明了;复合型提示语所表示的意义比单一型提示语更完整、严密,语义变化亦较大。这两种提示语分别表达不同的语义信息。