Floristic and ecological differences between recent and ancient forests growing on non-acidic soils

The aim of this work was to investigate differences in soil chemistry and understory composition between recent forests (sites afforested in the last 170 years) and ancient forests growing on non-acidic soils. The study was carried out on hardwood forests at moderate elevation (400–600 m asl) in the Jura Mountains (N.E. France) on four main pedological substrates with different characteristics. The floristic composition of 127 stands from recent forests (n = 65) or ancient forests (n = 62) was surveyed. Some functional traits and the Ellenberg indicator values of the surveyed species were recorded. In addition, the topsoil from 30 stands was analysed. The composition of the flora was analysed by Detrended Correspondence Analysis and the species which were typical of one class of forest age were identified using a chi-square (χ²) test. The difference between forest classes for plant traits, their indicator values, or soil chemistry was tested using the generalized linear model and Bonferroni t-tests (or Kruskall–Wallis tests). The floristic composition of the ancient forests was significantly different from that of the recent forests and was characterized by a high occurrence of shrub species in recent forests. These differences were associated with higher specific leaf area, low-range seeds dispersal, and some life forms like geophytes. There was no clear difference in soil chemistry between the two classes of forests, except for δ¹⁵N values. The weakness of the difference in the soil between ancient and recent forests suggested that changes in soil chemistry caused by a former agricultural land use were not responsible for the differences in understory composition recorded. The differences in functional traits between the two forest classes supported this conclusion. We finally concluded that (i) past land use modifies the vegetation composition of current forests, even on neutral soils and that (ii) in our context, biological filters were probably responsible for these changes.     

服务全民共享的图书馆建筑与设备——共建“绿色”节能环保型图书馆

节能是现代社会对图书馆建筑的要求,也是图书馆自身生存和发展的必然要求;而图书馆环境的好与坏直接影响着图书馆的形象,努力共建＂绿色＂节能环保型图书馆是新时期对图书馆提出的新要求。文章对图书馆空调系统、照明系统、窗墙比、设备布局以及环境污染源进行了详细的分析,并结合我馆实际工作阐述了一些切实可行的办法。     

博爱古竹林资源的保护与发展

阐述河南博爱古竹林资源在保护人居环境、传播中国竹文化、提升城市文化品位等方面的重要价值,以及在南竹北移繁育和北方竹产业发展中可以发挥的重要作用,从政府、技术和社会经济三个层面提出保护与利用好北方古竹林资源的具体措施。       

The formation age and evolution of Kumtagh Desert

The ancient aeolian sand has been regarded as an indicator for the formation and evolution of a desert in the past.Kumtagh Desert is located at the northern fringe of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The first integrated scientific investigation to the desert was carried out during the period of 2004-2006.Kumtagh Desert is an ideal natural model for studying the formation and evolution of the desert because the Quaternary strata containing ancient aeolian sands are widely distributed.The integrated field investigation and studies on sedimentary,chronology and palynology of typical profiles named Suosuo gully,Xiaoquan gully and gravel body with ancient aeolian sand layers showed that Kumtagh Desert was probably formed as early as 2,097.7±314.7 ka BP.During the period of 386.9±58.0 ka BP to 285.9±42.9 ka BP,the desert largely expanded and formed its modern distribution pattern.The desert was originally developed in the southwest,subsequently,expanded to the north and northeast.The sedimentary facies of Suosuo gully profile revealed that the desert experienced at least 19 cycles of advance and inverse processes of desertification with an average period of 110 ka in the Quaternary.The neotectonic movements played an important role in the formation,development and geomorphology of the desert.On one hand,the movements caused the formation of intermontane fault basin,which was further developed towards the closed drought basin,and caused the formation of natural environment.On the other hand,under the control of surrounding faults,the unique broom-shaped desert landscape was formed,and the gullies and sand ridges in this region experienced an abrupt directional change from north by west to north by east at the location of 39°45'-39°55'N.The unique landscape of gravel body that occurred widely in the northern desert was formed after 285.9±42.9 ka BP.The results in this paper provide the scientific basis for studying the formation age and evolutionary process under the dry climate and environment in the northwestern China,and the uplifting of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as well as its responses to the global climate changes.     

古建筑群防雷安全隐患及其对策研究

回顾了古建筑被雷电击毁或因雷电引起火灾的历史事件,由此引发了对古建筑群防雷安全问题的探讨,以辽宁省级风景名胜区大孤山古建筑群为例,对古建筑群防雷安全隐患进行勘查和检测,总结出5种防雷安全隐患类型。从古建筑防雷类别划分、保护级别、防雷措施、防雷工程设计依据、工程施工、新施工工艺等6个方面进行研究,依据相应技术规范分剐从古建筑物外部、内部和古树木防雷等方面提出4项防雷安全隐患应对措施,并具体针对大孤山古建筑群的实际情况,详细探讨了施工方案、人员安排、劳务计划和施工质量保证体系、工程验收、技术文档等问题,以期为切实做好古建筑的防雷安全保护工作提供借鉴。     

农业古籍数据库建立和著录实践

论述了国家科技部项目——农业古籍数据库的建立,简述了中国农科院农业信息研究所的农业古籍著录规则。同时,进行了农业古籍著录的具体实践以及《农业科学叙词表》在文献标引方面的应用。     

古籍修复人员应具备的素质——参加“全国古籍修复班”学习体会

结合参加＂全国古籍修复技术培训班＂的学习体会,从＂爱书之人＂、＂识书之人＂、＂修复艺术＂、＂保护利用＂等方面论述了古籍修复人员应具备的素质。     

惠州西湖景区古树名木病虫害调查及保护建议

【目的】了解广东惠州西湖景区古树名木病虫害发生情况,为西湖景区古树名木养护管理提供参考。【方法】采用普查和抽查相结合的方法,并参考相关文献,对惠州西湖景区内古树名木主要病虫害种类及危害程度进行调查和鉴定。【结果】西湖景区内古树名木共有8科8属9种31棵,病害共12种,其中危害叶片的病害主要有灰斑病、炭疽病、褐斑病、藻斑病、煤污病等,危害树干的病害主要有枝枯病、干腐病;虫害有6目14科19种,其中刺吸性害虫和食叶性害虫主要有榕管蓟马、绵蚧、荔蝽、榕卵痣木虱、天蛾、中国绿刺蛾、棉大卷叶蛾和丽绿刺蛾等,蛀干害虫主要有家白蚁、眉斑楔天牛和云斑天牛等。叶部病害、刺吸性害虫和食叶性害虫对植株的危害较轻,枝枯病、干腐病和家白蚁等对植株的危害较严重。【建议】加强宣传,提高人们对古树名木的保护意识;加强对古树名木的复壮修补及病虫害防治工作;采用科学技术,防控园林植物病虫害。     

历史文化名城中古树名木的价值分析——以丽江古城为例

中国历史文化名城、世界文化遗产——丽江古城,是人居环境的典范,分布在丽江古城中的古树名木是园林植物文化的瑰宝。从丽江古城古树名木的调查统计入手,深入分析历史文化名城中古树名木的生态价值、文化价值和旅游价值,以期为传承和创新园林植物文化提供科学依据和决策参考,对建设生态文明城市和有效保护世界遗产具有重要研究意义。     

现代轻型木结构建筑楼面和地面装修技术

针对现代轻型木结构建筑楼、地面结构、材料特点,提出其有别于砖混建筑楼、地面的若干装修技术,分别对现代轻型木结构建筑楼、地面的表面装修、防水性装修和隔声装修进行阐述,以期为现代轻型木结构建筑及其室内装修在我国的发展提供参考。