船舶锚泊活动对海底管道埋深的影响

海底油气管道保护是管道工程领域的重点工作,在沿海特别是海上交通密集区域,船舶的锚泊活动是引起管道事故的重要因素。为了有效防范管道被船锚破坏,需要综合分析船锚在海底的入土深度,确定一个合理的埋深值。对比了国内外关于海底管道埋深的不同标准,分析了船舶锚泊活动可能对海底管道造成损害的类型,从抛锚情况下锚触底后的贯穿量和拖锚情况下锚爪能够啮入海底的最大深度两方面分析了锚泊活动与海底管道埋深的关系。结合国外规定的埋深值,建议沿海船舶交通密集区域海底管道较为合理的埋深值为1.5～2 m。(图2,表4,参21)     

浅谈深基坑工程

由于城市的发展,深基坑工程常处于密集的既有建筑物、道路桥梁、地下管线、地铁隧道或人防工程的近旁,伴随一些大工程的实施,深基坑工程的设计施工技术已取得了长足进步。     

方形结构网箱单箱体型锚泊系统的优化研究

以方形结构网箱的单箱体型锚泊系统为研究对象,通过力学分析和程序计算得出锚绳张力以及不同来流角度下的阻力系数之和(SRC)两项安全性能指标。结果表明,在理论的最危险受力情况下,单锚绳系统中锚绳张力的最大值为网箱阻力R,在双锚绳系统中则小于R。当双锚绳系统的锚绳安装角度β设置在最佳值22.5°时,SRC获得最小值34.65,该值相比β=1°时的SRC(39.59)下降了约12.5%,相比单锚绳系统的SRC(41.36)则降低了16.2%。     

Laboratory similar model test investigation of prestressed anchor rope strengthened slope fractured rock mass

Now in the highway construction of the mountain area, fractured rock mass slope always strengthened by the anchor rope. In order to investigate the strengthen effect of the slope fractured rock mass strengthened by the prestressed anchor rope, laboratory similar model test was designed and preceded. By the self-made facilities, a new method of modeling prestressed anchor rope was used in the test. Nylon ropes and the aluminum flakes were used to model the anchor rope and discrete rock mass joints. Gypsum based mix material was used to model rock. According to the real slope engineering site circumstances, six sorts of different disposed prestressed nylon rope strengthened model specimens and the specimens without prestressed nylon rope were made by the similar theory. With the test results, the strength and deformation properties of different model specimens were investigated. Comparison to different anchor effects of the different model specimens was made. The final analysis shows that in order to make full use of the anchor rope's strengthen ability, anchor rope should be disposed perpendicularly to the fracture structure rock mass's main joint direction and should be placed in the upper or top area of the fractured rock mass slope.     

Study on Shear Stress Distribution and In-situ Test of Pressure-Dispersive Anchor

Combining the Mindlin elastic displacement solution with the elementary theory of finite element, in this paper, the shear stress distribution of pressure-dispersive anchor is calculated. Its work performances were compared with those of tensile anchor. According to the in-situ pull-out test of pressure-dispersive anchors in weak rock stratums, it is proven that the bearing capacity of pressure-dispersive anchor increases rather evidently than that of tensile anchor under the same condition and the effect of spacing between load-supporting bodies on the bearing capacity of pressure-dispersive anchor is analyzed. The analysis results of this paper can offer some references to the engineering application of this new type of anchor in the future.     

锚杆骨架梁支护红砂岩边坡机理分析

根据红砂岩边坡的工程地质及物理力学特性，分析了湘耒高速公路一失稳边坡的滑动型式．应用短锚杆骨架梁新方法对该失稳红砂岩边坡进行了支护，并采用带节理单元的三维有限元方法以及平面有限元方法对边坡应力应变分布和支护结构内力进行了分析计算．理论和3年营运实践表明，该支护方法对红砂岩等软岩边坡防护有较大的推广价值．     

地基基础的扩大与加深、加固

简要介绍了原建筑基础由于某种原因而需扩大与加深、加固的方法.     

鱼类标志放流步骤的优选及其在黄鳍棘鲷中的应用

鱼类标志放流过程中,关键细节缺失参考依据易导致标志鱼因标志操作不规范而死亡(或导致标志脱落),从而影响基于标志群体抽样的增殖效果评估、放流群体时空格局等后续研究的准确性。本研究以南海重要增殖放流鱼类黄鳍棘鲷为对象,采用多因素方差分析对比了标志过程中关键操作(标志前麻醉与否、标志部位、植入角度)的生长率、存活率、标志保留率的差异。40 d的实验结果显示,不同标志操作对鱼的生长无显著影响。麻醉与否对实验鱼的存活率影响极显著。标志部位、植入角度对标志保留率影响显著。优选出的最佳标志操作组合为麻醉,将T型标志以45°植入背鳍基前部肌肉(存活率95.56%、标志保留率98.89%)。综合以往资料,本研究提出了黄鳍棘鲷[体长(10.05±0.39)cm]T型标志操作规范建议,为今后科学开展标志放流提供参考依据:①标志前暂养,将待标志鱼放入培育池内暂养3 d或以上,标志前24 h停食;②材料消毒,将T型标志和标志枪针头用75%酒精浸泡消毒5 min;③麻醉,用30 mg/L丁香酚溶液(或MS-222麻醉剂)麻醉至鱼体腹部向上翻转时,迅速进行标志;④标志,用标志枪针头拨去标志部位的1个鳞片,然后针头与鱼体呈45°将T型标志植入背鳍基前部肌肉;⑤鱼体消毒,将标志鱼放入含有5%聚维酮碘(或高锰酸钾)的海水溶液中药浴消毒30 min;⑥标志后暂养,消毒后的标志鱼人工暂养7 d后可放流。