The use of cytochemistry,immunophenotyping, flow cytometry,and in vitro differentiation to determine the ontogeny of a canine monoblastic leukemia

We evaluated the utility of cytochemistry, immunophenotyping, flow cytometry, and in vitro culture with forced differentiation of leukemic cells as diagnostic aids to identify the malignant cell ontogeny in a dog with leukemia. A tentative diagnosis of monoblastic leukemia was established by microscopic examination of Romanowsky-stained blood smears and bone marrow aspirate smears. This diagnosis also was supported by the light scatter signature that identified the blast cells as large, non-granular monocytic cells using a CellDyn 3500 automated hematology analyzer; as well as by the detection of N-butyrate esterase and the lack of choloroacetate esterase or leukocyte peroxidase by cytochemical staining. Subsequently, leukemic cells were isolated from the dog's peripheral blood and placed into tissue culture or cryopreserved. The leukemic cells grew in suspension cultures and proliferated spontaneously for up to 4 days. By day 7, proliferation was negligible. Upon culture with conditioned supernatant using mitogen-stimulated human T cells as a source of cytokines, an increased proportion of cells entered S phase by day 2 of culture; however, proliferation declined markedly by day 4, at which time the cells had apparently differentiated to adherent, vacuolated macrophages. The cytokine-stimulated leukemic cells were positive for the monocyte/macrophage specific markers alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, lysozyme, CD14, MHC class II, and calprotectin, an antigen found in differentiated macrophages and granulocytes. Despite the strong tendency of the leukemic cells towards monocytic differentiation, our results suggested that they retained some features of a myelomonocytic precursor. These data show that cytochemistry, immunophenotyping, flow cytometry, and in vitro differentiation of canine leukemia cells are useful tools for confirming the lineage of malignant hematopoietic cells.     

不同烤烟品种叶绿素SPAD值的变化特征

采用田间试验方法,运用SPAD-502叶绿素仪对K326、红花大金元(HD)、NC82、辽烟13号4个烤烟品种生长期的叶片叶绿素SPAD值进行了测定.结果表明,不同的烤烟品种表现出了不同的特征特性,叶片叶绿素SPAD值及SPAD值相对变化率不仅与品种有关,也与测定叶片的部位有关.     

基于PDPA的双流体撞击式喷嘴雾化特性研究

使用自主搭建的一套基于相位多普勒粒子分析仪(PDPA)的开放式雾化试验台,开展了不同工况下双流体雾化流场的测试试验,研究了气体流量和水流量对雾化特性(包括喷雾锥角、有效射程以及雾滴粒径、速度、个数的分布)的影响。结果表明:随着气体流量的增大以及水流量的减小,喷雾锥角呈增大趋势,雾滴的索特平均直径(SMD)、速度以及个数均呈减小趋势,而有效射程随着气体流量以及水流量的增大而增大;随着轴向距离的增大,雾滴的SMD、速度以及个数均呈现增大的分布规律;随着径向距离的增大,雾滴的SMD呈增大的分布规律,而雾滴速度以及个数呈现先增大后减小的分布规律。气体流量和水流量对喷嘴出口与振动头之间区域的湍流程度、对冲现象有明显影响,进而显著影响雾化特性。当气体流量为0.8 m3/h、水流量为35 L/h时,与优化前(气体流量为0.95 m3/h、水流量为40 L/h)相比,SMD减小了21.50%,有效射程、雾滴速度、雾滴个数分别增加了10.26%、39.08%、61.54%,喷嘴雾化能耗降低的同时综合雾化效果得到了提升。     

连续流动分析仪在农业水质监测中的应用

该文采用荷兰SKALAR公司SAN++型连续流动分析仪对农业水质中的总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和氨氮(NH3-N)指标进行了检测方法的研究,并利用此方法对农业生产用水进行了测定。结果表明:该方法在检测水中的总氮、总磷和氨氮时,标准曲线相关系数r≥0.999;加标回收率分别为103.5%(TN)、98.3%(TP)、98.6%(NH3-N),相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.9%(TN)、1.5%(TP)、1.1%(NH3-N),用该方法对实际样品进行测定时也取得了良好的准确度和精密度。运用此方法快速、简便,而且能保证数据的可靠性,尤其适用于大批量农业水环境样品的监测。     

施药技术参数对旋翼植保无人机喷雾特性的影响

植保无人机的高质量作业是农业航空实现精准作业的前提,因此对喷雾系统作业特性进行研究显得尤为重要。为了探究影响植保无人机喷雾质量的因素,本研究应用喷雾性能综合试验台（吉林省农业机械研究院研制）对无人机在不同旋翼转速、喷雾高度、离心喷头转速情况下的雾滴沉积分布、雾滴粒径进行了试验测试并对12组试验的沉积特性和粒径数据进行了回归分析。结果表明,同组参数的3次重复试验一致性较好,雾滴发生明显飘移且最大有效沉积率为46.31%,最小为31.74%,由此雾滴有效沉积率均低于50%;对比雾滴粒径D_V10、D_V50和D_V90的回归分析结果,喷雾高度P值大于0.5,喷头转速和旋翼转速P值小于0.5,由此可知,喷雾高度对沉积量影响极显著,但对雾滴粒径的影响不显著;喷头转速和旋翼转速对雾滴粒径影响极显著,而对沉积量影响不显著。本研究试验结果可为提高无人机作业质量和喷洒效率提供理论依据及数据支撑。     

Use of the Cell-Dyn 3500 to predict leukemic cell lineage in peripheral blood of dogs and cats

Background— Morphology and cytochemistry are the foundation for classification of leukemias in dogs and cats. Advances in automated hematology instrumentation, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, and molecular biology are significantly improving our ability to recognize and classify spontaneous myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders. Objective— The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of flow cytometry‐based light scatter patterns provided by the Cell‐Dyn 3500 (CD3500) automated hematology analyzer to predict the lineage of leukemic cells in peripheral blood of dogs and cats. Methods— Leukemic cells from 15 dogs and 6 cats were provisionally classified using an algorithm based on the CD3500 CBC output data and were subsequently phenotyped by enzyme cytochemistry, immunocytochemistry, indirect flow cytometry, and analysis of antigen receptor gene rearrangement. Results— The algorithm led to correct predictions regarding the ontogeny of the leukemic cells (erythroid/megakaryocytic potential, myeloid leukemia, monocytic leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia, lymphoid leukemia) in 19/21 animals. Mismatches in the WBC impedance count and the WBC optical count in conjunction with microscopic assessment of blasts in the blood were useful for predicting myeloproliferative disorders with erythroid or megakaryocytic potential. The leukocyte light scatter patterns enabled distinction among myeloid leukemias (represented by acute myelomonocytic leukemia, acute monocytic leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia) and lymphocytic leukemias (including acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemias). One case of acute lymphocytic leukemia was misidentified as chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Conclusions— Algorithmic analyses can be applied to data generated by the CD3500 to predict the ontogeny of leukemic cells in the peripheral blood of dogs and cats. This rapid and quantitative technique may be used to improve diagnostic decisions, expand therapeutic choices, and increase prognostic accuracy.     

原油罐底腐蚀机理研究

针对某原油罐底寓蚀问题，利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能谱分析仪对罐底寓蚀材料表面进行了微观观察和检测。对原油罐底寓蚀机理进行了研究，结果表明，Cl的自催化闭塞电池作用是形成罐底孔蚀的根源，H2S以及垢下氧浓差原电池等共同作用形成底板溃疡腐蚀。认为将电子扫描电镜和能谱分析仪相结合，能获得金属材料的微观形貌和成分信息，可为深入研究金属材料的寓蚀机理提供更加科学和完整的数据。     

寒地水稻直链淀粉含量测定方法的研究

水稻直链淀粉含量是水稻品质育种的重要衡量指标,为加速水稻品质育种进程,以10份寒地水稻品种为试验材料,采用近红外谷物分析仪测定法、改良的标准测定法以及单粒法3种测定方法分别对精米粒、糙米粒、精米粉和糙米粉进行直链淀粉含量的测定。结果表明:3种测定方法适用范围不同,且具有各自的分析特点。单粒法测定结果与改良的标准测定法结果平行可靠,可为水稻直链淀粉含量遗传分析和早期世代选择提供有效的测定方法,根据单粒法对糙米粉直链淀粉含量的测定结果重新建立了分级标准。     

氮素水平对水稻产量与品质的影响

在大田试验条件下,研究不同施氮量对中籼稻汕优63和中粳稻武育粳3号稻米品质及产量的影响。结果表明:施氮量对稻米的出糙率、精米率、粒长宽比、透明度和直链淀粉含量无显著影响。稻米蛋白质含量随施氮量的增加而增加。汕优63、武育粳3号施氮(纯氮)量分别为0~16和0~24 g.m-2,穗数、每穗粒数、产量、整精米率、最高黏度和崩解值随施氮量的增加而增加,稻米的垩白粒率、垩白度和消减值则随施氮量的增加而降低。汕优63、武育粳3号施氮(纯氮)量分别超过16、24 g.m-2时,结实率、千粒重、产量、整精米率、最高黏度和崩解值随施氮量的增加而降低,稻米的垩白粒率、垩白度和消减值则随施氮量的增加而增加。在该试验条件下,可将施氮(纯氮)量160和240 kg.hm-2分别作为籼稻汕优63和粳稻武育粳3号高产优质的氮肥施用量指标。     

直接测汞仪测定大米中的汞含量

直接测汞仪测定大米中的汞含量具有灵敏度高、精度好、省时简单等优点,测定时无需进行样品前处理。该方法无试剂污染,对环境污染小。