Effect of Rolled Leaf Gene Rl（t） on Grain Quality in Hybrid Rice

Effects of rolled leaf gene Rl（t） on grain quality characters of hybrid rice were analyzed by using three pairs of rolled leaf near-isogenic lines under two fertilizer treatments. Under normal fertilizer level （e.g. 450 kg urea per ha）, head rice rates and milled rice recovery of rolled leaf hybrids were significantly higher than those of corresponding non-rolled crosses, while the chalky rice rate and chalkiness were all lower. Of the RVA profiles, the peak viscosity, the hot paste viscosity and the breakdown viscosity of the rolled were all higher than those of the corresponding non-rolled ones to various degrees. Increasing fertilizer application for promoting panicle development increased the brown, milled and head rice rates except for Shanyou 63, furthermore, significant difference of head rice rates existed between the rolled leaf Shanyou 559 and Shanyou 559; while the peak viscosity, the hot paste viscosity and the breakdown viscosity all decreased to different levels; changes of values of other characters had no apparent regularity. It suggested that Rl（t） could improve rice quality under certain conditions.     

连续流动分析仪测定稻米直链淀粉含量的方法研究

[目的]为稻米品质鉴定及遗传分析提供一种精确的、智能化、自动化的微量分析方法。[方法]应用紫外可见分光光度计和全自动连续流动分析仪,分别采用国标法和流动分析法测定了稻米中直链淀粉的含量。[结果]在样品稳定性试验中,5个稻米样品分散液的平均标准差为0．0005,平均变异系数为0．34％。当分析速度为25—50样／h时,重复间变异系数比较稳定：当分析速度为25～45样／h时,峰形和分离效果均较好。在精确度试验中,样品液吸光度的平均标准差为0．0004,平均变异系数为0．20％。比较两种方法的测定结果的重现性,用5个品种,每个品种10次重复测定,其平均标准差为0．1077,平均变异系数为0．61％。流动分析法的平均标准偏差和平均变异系数分别为0．0821和0．49％,国标法的分别为0．1119和0．64％。[结论]该方法对于测定稻米直链淀粉含量是较为理想的。     

不同轻微损伤方式下鲜枣整果力学特性的研究

考虑鲜枣在采摘和运输过程中造成损伤的可能性,针对4种轻微损伤方式下的壶瓶枣在贮藏过程中力学特性的变化进行了研究。应用质构分析仪对壶瓶枣进行压缩-穿刺实验,得到贮藏期间壶瓶枣整果的最大穿刺力(坚实度)、果皮脆性、果肉最大硬度和果肉平均硬度4个主要力学参数的变化及相互关系。结果表明:(1)壶瓶枣整果最大穿刺力与果皮脆性、果肉最大硬度、果肉平均硬度均呈显著正相关(R=0.888~0.962),与果皮脆性的相关性程度最高(R=0.962);壶瓶枣整果的果皮脆性与果肉最大硬度、果肉平均硬度也具有较好的相关性(R=0.969~0.987),且存在显著的正相关性。(2)4种损伤方式下的自变量果皮脆性、果肉最大硬度和果肉平均硬度解释了最大穿刺力的总变异性的99.6%、96.6%、98.4%和80.6%。(3)贮藏期间壶瓶枣整果各项质地参数总体呈下降趋势,且4种损伤方式的质地参数下降规律有所差异性。因此,质构仪分析法能很好地反映壶瓶枣整果各项质地参数变化规律,适合于评价不同轻微损伤方式下的壶瓶枣贮藏期间整果质地变化情况。     

新型食品质构仪的研制

为统一食品质地特性的测试方法，提高测试的精度，实现食品测试数据的真正量化，本文提出了一种新型食品质构仪的设计方案，并自行研制了一台仪器，经调试和试验，结果较为满意。     

Development of a CO2 gas analyzer for monitoring soil CO2 concentrations

Measurement of soil CO₂ concentrations is important for investigating the dynamics and diffusion of CO₂ in soil. In this study, we developed a small CO₂ analyzer for measuring in situ-soil CO₂ concentrations. The CO₂ analyzer consists of a module containing an infrared CO₂ gas sensor, a temperature sensor, and a relative humidity sensor. These sensors are installed in a protective box with an air vent, which is suitable for burying in the soil. The output response time of the CO₂ analyzer was 349 s, as evaluated from the phase lag after input of known CO₂ concentrations. This response time is short enough to measure soil CO₂ concentrations, because variations in concentration are slower than the response time of the analyzer. In a field test, we used the CO₂ analyzer to measure soil CO₂ concentrations at five depths (0–50 cm) over 2.5 months. While the CO₂ concentration generally increased with depth, the amplitude of the variation in CO₂ concentration decreased with depth. The phase lag of the variations in soil CO₂ concentration also increased with depth, as did soil temperature. The tests confirm that the CO₂ analyzer is applicable to continuous monitoring of soil CO₂ concentrations.     

物性测试仪研究休闲食品的特性

目前大多数休闲食品的品质评价仍以感官评价为主,缺乏科学性。以物性测试仪来评定休闲食品的特性,将它们的品质特性进行量化。试验证明物性测试仪不仅能够较准确、全面地反映休闲食品的多项品质特性,而且与感官评价具有高度的相关性。物性测试仪可以更加科学地对它们的品质特性进行评价。     

Virtual FFT Spectrum Analyzer Based on DSP Technology

Virtual Instrument has become an important direction of instrument development, now it has been widely used in many fields. FFT analysis is a widely used method in mechanical engineering, fault detection and many other fields. However, the traditional FFT analyzer is expensive and is not easy to upgraded. The birth of virtual FFT Spectrum Analyzer gets rid of the limit of traditional FFT analyzer, and paves the way for the application of FFT analyzer. The uses of DSP technology make the future broadened of Virtual Instrument. This article ,based on the deep study of DSP system, designs a virtual FFT Spectrum analyzer based on DSP technology. The design is new and of great practicality, which indicates the important role of Virtual Instrument in the development of instruments.     

Evaluation of a hematology analyzer with canine and feline blood

A semiautomatic electronic blood cell counter (Sysmex F-800:Toa Medical Electronics Europa Gmbh, Hamburg, Germany) was evaluated using canine and feline blood, following the International Committee for Standardization in Hematology protocol (ICSH, 1984). Precision and overall reproducibility were acceptable for all the parameters studied except for the feline platelet count, in which overlapping of erythrocyte and platelet populations prohibited determination of an accurate platelet count. Since carry-over from canine hematocrit values and platelet counts and from feline hematocrit values was unsatisfactory, the use of a blank diluent sample between different analyses was necessary. Linearity of the analyzer was acceptable in the studied range. Thirty canine and feline blood samples were analyzed using the Sysmex F-800 and a manual method. Correlations between both methods were acceptable for all the parameters, except for feline platelet count and erythrocyte indices for both species. In the storage study, red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration were the parameters with the longest stability (72 hours at 4 degrees C and 25 degrees C) in both species. A statistically significant increase in MCV was obtained at 12 hours post-extraction in canine samples stored at 25 degrees C and at 24 hours in refrigerated samples. Feline leucocyte counts showed a downward trend at 12 hours post-extraction at both temperatures. Canine platelet count decreased significantly at 6 hours post-extraction in samples stored at 4 degrees C. During the evaluation period, Sysmex F-800 was user friendly and appeared well suited for routine canine and feline blood cell analysis.     

The Stability and Automatic Determination of Ketone Bodies in Blood Samples Taken in Field Conditions

An automated, spectro-photometric determination of blood acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate was developed with a Gilford 3500 autoanalyzer. The stability of ketone bodies was studied in different conditions. An immediate precipitation with 0.6 M perchloric acid and cooling the sample effectively prevent the loss of acetoacetate from samples during transport to the laboratory (at 4°C a 6 % loss of acetoacetate was noted during 24 h). Freezing the sample makes it practically stable (less than 2 % loss of acetoacetate per week during a study lasting 2 months). At room temperature (20°C) the sample’s acetoacetate was instable and disappeared with a rate of 6 % per h. β-hydroxybutyrate was stable in precipitated samples. Because the precipitation also retains the sample’s glucose, 3 main parameters for the indication of ketosis could be analyzed automatically from the same sample with a total capacity of 40 samples in 2½ h.