不同除草剂对山西省高粱田杂草的防除效果研究

为解决山西省高粱田杂草防除难的问题,采用完全随机区组的试验方法进行了山西省高粱田土壤封闭剂和茎叶处理剂的筛选研究。结果表明：播后苗前土壤处理,莠去津、金都尔和2,4-D丁酯单剂用量分别在6750、1350、1200 mL/hm²以下时,高粱出苗安全且除草效果好;莠去津和金都尔复配组合最优配比为5250 mL/hm²+ 900 mL/hm²。苗后茎叶处理,除草单剂二氯喹啉酸、莠去津、二甲四氯、2,4-D丁酯除草效果较好且对高粱产量影响较小,使用剂量分别为750 g/hm²、2700 g/hm²、1500 g/hm²、 1050 mL/hm²;复配剂最优配比为莠去津2250 g/hm²+二氯喹啉酸 600 g/hm²、莠去津2250 g/hm² +2,4-D丁酯300 mL/hm²和苯达松3000 mL/hm²+二氯喹啉酸750 g/hm²。     

Ultimate fate of halosulfuron methyl and its effects on enzymatic and microbial activities in three differently textured soils

Halosulfuron methyl is a sulfonylurea herbicide used worldwide for weed control in sugarcane, maize, wheat, and rice production. Considering its environmental impact, this study evaluated the effects of soil type, application rate, and temperature on the dynamics of halosulfuron methyl degradation.Additionally, as soil microbes and enzymes are reliable indicators of the impacts of anthropogenic activities on soil health, the effects of halosulfuron methyl on soil enzymatic and microbial activiti...     

Chlorophyll meter as a tool for forecasting wheat nitrogen requirements after application of herbicides

Because limited information is available about the validated use of a chlorophyll meter for predicting nitrogen requirements for optimum growth and yield of wheat after application of herbicides, field experiments were carried out in the winter seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 under different weed and N fertilization treatments. Five weeded treatments, application of herbicides 25 days after sowing (DAS), hand pulling once at 55 DAS and a weedy check were combined with four N application rates. Weeds were completely absent in the non-fertilized plots, either with metribuzin or hand pulling as well as in isoproturon-treated plots fertilized with 190 or 285 kg N ha^?1. The grain yield was similar in the treatments of isoproturon × 190 kg N ha^?1, isoproturon + diflufenican × conditional N treatment (113.9) or 190 kg N ha^?1, hand pulling × conditional N treatment (104.8) or 285 kg N ha^?1 and metribuzin × 190 kg N ha^?1. Under weeded practices, conditional N treatment recorded the maximum nitrogen use efficiency and almost equaled the grain protein content of the 190 kg N ha^?1 application rate. N application based on SPAD readings saved about 40.0% and 44.8% N with isoproturon + diflufenican or hand pulling, respectively, compared to the recommended rate (190 kg N ha^?1) without noticeable yield loss.     

转基因青蒿与其野生型的生长和抗逆性比较

在环境释放条件下,比较了转基因青蒿及其野生型受体的基本农艺性状、抗逆性及耐常用除草剂等特性.在旱、盐胁迫下,通过测定3种转基因品系和其野生型受体的叶片相对含水量、过氧化物酶及脯氨酸等生理指标,比较了转基因青蒿和野生型的耐受性.结果显示,转基因青蒿品系ANF176、GFH13的株高、茎粗显著低于其野生型受体,转基因青蒿品...     

Soil and weed management for enhancing arbuscular mycorrhiza colonization of wheat

Tillage and weed control are critical components of cropping systems that need to be combined such that crops benefit from reduced competition. However, weeds may also contribute to the biological diversity within the agro‐environment. This greenhouse study investigated whether common weeds of arable cropping systems were suitable host plants for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), allowing the development of extraradical mycelium (ERM) that can contribute to the early colonization of a following wheat crop, especially in the absence of soil disturbance. Weeds were allowed to grow for up to 2 months before being controlled by soil disturbance or herbicide application (glyphosate or paraquat). Pregerminated wheat seeds were then planted. Chemical control of the weeds prior to sowing enhanced the early arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) colonization rate of wheat roots, whereas mechanical disturbance was less acceptable as a method of weed control for rapid AM colonization. The type of herbicide (contact or systemic) had no impact on colonization of the wheat crop. Enhanced AM colonization promoted early P acquisition and growth of the crop. Appropriate management of weeds emerging between two consecutive cropping seasons coupled with no‐till soil management could ensure a quick and efficient AM colonization of the following wheat plants.     

防除滩涂米草入侵的根际缓释方法

为防除滨海滩涂互花米草入侵,探讨根际土壤缓释除草剂的新方法。该研究采用扩散法研究了蛭石、PE膜和合成壳聚糖膜3种缓释材料的根际缓释除草剂的性能,同时,采用根部浸泡试验验证根际施药防除互花米草的效果。结果表明,3种缓释材料的缓释性能差异显著,蛭石对草甘膦控释能力较弱,初始释放农药量最大,释放迅速,适合淤泥质潮滩;PE膜则表现出较强的控释能力,释放量较小,但整个过程释放量较稳定,适合沙质和近根际水体;壳聚糖膜介于两者之间。根部浸泡试验表明,0.25～1.00 g/L草甘膦、0.09～0.23 g/L百草枯、0.28～2.30 g/L草铵膦根部浸泡2～6 d即可显现毒杀互花米草效果,通过饱和土壤一维溶质渗滤模型计算,在点源释放模式下,除草际根部释放点间有效除草间距为50～60 cm。研究证明了根际缓释除草剂防除互花米草具有可行性。     

几种化学除草剂对盾负泥虫影响的初步测定

选用北方地区大豆田和果园常用化学除草剂,用点滴,药纸,涂抹法进行对盾负泥虫影响的测定研究。结果初步表明,氟乐灵,虎威处理的卵孵化率与对照比较差异显著,分别减少２２．４％和１５．８％。而农农和２,４－Ｄ丁酯对卵的孵化率影响很小,与对照比较无显著差异。只减少３．５％和３．７％,     

微生物农药研究的现状及展望

综述了国内外微生物农药研究的现状，重点评述了微生物杀虫剂、家用抗生素和微生物除草剂等方面的研究应用及进展情况，展望了其应用前景。     

池杉苗圃地化学除草试验

池杉苗圃地的化学除草试验结果表明：克芜踪以剂量３０００ｍｌ／ｈｍ＾２的除草率最高，可达８０％，但除草不彻底。剂量为４５００－７５００ｍｌ／ｈｍ＾２的草甘膦，除草率可高达８５．５％。二甲四氯与克芜踪混施，最佳配方是３０００ｍｌ／ｈｍ＾２克芜踪＋１５００ｍｌ／ｈｍ＾２二甲四氯，除草率高的可达９０．８８％除草效果与成本考虎，３种除草剂中以草甘膦除草率高，杂草死亡彻底，成本较低。     

丘陵红壤橘园不同地面管理措施的经济生态效益研究

在丘陵红壤橘园上．经过3年6种地面管理措施的经济生态效益研究。结果表明：（1）水土流失，以清耕法作对照，生草法、克无踪、草甘膦、草草克、克克草的地表径流量可显著减少分别为38．8％．42．5％．18，7％，28．7％和37．5％；土壤侵蚀量可显著减少分别为55．5‰，51．7％．39．9％．46．8％和50．0％；流失的氮磷钾养分总量可分别减少60．3％．50．2％，37．0％．41．8％和45．4％。（2）杂草再生率，以生草法做对照，则处理中的清耕法、克无踪、草甘膦、草草克和克克草分别是生草法的55．1%．67．2％．30．3％．36．8％和51．2％。（3）土壤肥力，以土壤OM，N,P2O3,K2O总量增减率看，清耕法为-4．4%,生草法7．1％，克无踪6．9％，草甘膦5．3％．克克草6．2％．草草克6．6％。（4）柑橘的产量和品质，以清耕法作对照，除生草法外，克无踪、草甘膦、草草克、克克草均增产7％～10％；可溶性固形物、总糖量、总酸度、糖酸比以及单果重均达到显著差异水平。克无踪调控杂草效果显著．可作为丘陵红壤丘陵园地水保与培肥兼得的有效地面管理措施。