Isolation of Salmonella Organisms from Commercial Layer Houses Where the Flocks Were Molted with a Wheat Bran Diet

To develop an alternative method to feed withdrawal for molting layers, 2 flocks consisting of approximately 26,000 commercial laying hens each at 478 (68 wk, flock 1) and 466 (67 wk, flock 2) d of age were reared in an environmentally controlled windowless house and were fed wheat bran (WB) diet. Flock 1 hens were fed WB for 25 d, and flock 2 hens were fed WB for 21 d and then fed a mixture of WB and layer feed (1:1, wt:wt) for the last 4 d of the treatment. After that, the birds in both flocks were fed a normal layer feed. The photoperiod was reduced from 16 to 9 h in both flocks. Most of the birds in both flocks ceased egg production by 10 to 15 d of feeding the WB diets. Egg production in flock 1 gradually increased to 11.4% by 31 to 40 d and 71.4% by 41 to 50 d of the treatment, whereas the egg production in flock 2 hens lagged behind by almost 10 d. The mean egg production from 61 to 140 d exceeded 86% in both flocks. The houses in the farm were naturally contaminated with several serovars of Salmonella, not Enteriditis or Typhimurium. In both flocks with the WB treatment, no marked increase in Salmonella isolation from environmental samples was observed postmolt relative to premolt levels. The study demonstrated that feeding hens WB could be successfully used as an alternative to feed withdrawal to force-rest aging hens while not exacerbating a Salmonella problem in a commercial egg-production setting.     

可变剪接体WNT4-β对山羊卵泡颗粒细胞增殖和激素分泌的影响

旨在研究WNT4的一个可变剪接体（WNT4-β）对山羊卵泡颗粒细胞增殖的影响。本研究选取4~6月龄健康母羊20只,采集双侧卵巢,体外分离卵泡颗粒细胞进行培养。通过免疫荧光染色技术确定WNT4-β的表达位置;在山羊颗粒细胞中过表达或干扰WNT4-β后,利用RT-qPCR、Western blot检测WNT4-β和WNT信号通路中关键标记因子ROA1、RHOA及颗粒细胞增殖标记基因cyclin-D2、CDK4的表达变化;CCK-8技术检测颗粒细胞增殖情况;并通过ELISA分析颗粒细胞中生殖激素水平的变化。免疫荧光染色结果显示,WNT4-β只在山羊卵泡颗粒细胞中表达,在卵母细胞不表达;过表达WNT4-β后,WNT4-β和颗粒细胞增殖因子cyclin-D2、CDK4的mRNA相对表达量极显著增加（P<0.01）,蛋白表达水平显著增加（P<0.05）;WNT信号通路标记因子ROA1、RHOA mRNA表达水平显著增加（P<0.05）,β-catenin蛋白表达水平显著增加（P<0.05）;干扰WNT4-β后,WNT4-β、cyclin-D2、CDK4、ROA1和RHOA 的mRNA表达显著降低（P<0.05）,WNT4-β、cyclin-D2、CDK4及β-catenin蛋白表达显著降低（P<0.05）。CCK-8结果显示,过表达WNT4-β促进颗粒细胞增殖（P<0.05）;ELISA结果显示,过表达WNT4-β后,颗粒细胞中雌二醇（estradiol,E₂）水平显著增加（P<0.05）,孕酮（progesterone,P₄）水平升高但不显著（P>0.05）;干扰WNT4-β后则结果相反,颗粒细胞增殖受到抑制（P<0.05）,E₂和P₄的水平显著降低（P<0.05）。综上所述,WNT4可变剪接体WNT4-β通过调控WNT信号通路促进山羊卵泡颗粒细胞增殖及类固醇激素分泌,本研究为解析WNT4调控山羊颗粒细胞增殖的潜在分子机制提供理论基础。     

油气田管道HDPE内衬技术的应用

随着国内外油气田的深度开发,介质工况愈发复杂苛刻,高密度聚乙烯(High Density Polyethylene,HDPE)内衬技术是控制油气田地面集输系统及注水系统腐蚀泄漏、延长管道服役寿命的重要措施之一。基于等径压缩HDPE管的内衬原理,结合国内外标准规范,从设计、施工、经济性3方面进行对比分析,提出了HDPE内衬管的材料性能要求、HDPE内衬技术的适用工况、内衬管与基管的结合形式、放空口设计原则,以及基于安装和存储最小壁厚、内衬层稳定性和抗塌陷强度三个方面确定的HDPE内衬管壁厚。对比了不同HDPE内衬管技术的接头形式,提出优先考虑法兰连接方式。介绍了HDPE内衬技术的施工安装工序和热煨弯头内衬的形式,并对施工质量控制关键点和要求进行总结。对比不同油气田管道选材方案的经济性,以期推动HDPE内衬管在油气田管道的应用,从而更好地解决管道腐蚀泄漏问题。     

Depletion of serum alternative complement pathway activity in gilthead seabream caused by α-tocopherol and n-3 HUFA dietary deficiencies

Studies on the alternative complement pathway (ACP) activity in fish have suggested the particular relevance of this pathway as a non-specific immune mechanism being its activation directly related with the availability of certain nutrients. In the present study ACP activity in gilthead seabream fed different dietary levels of a-tocopherol and n-3 HUFA deficiencies was studied under different stress conditions (overcrowding and repetitive chasing).A reduction in ACP activity was found when diets with deficiencies in -tocopherol and n-3 HUFA were assayed at any of the experimental conditions assayed. Levels of plasma cortisol were similar to those of fish after crowding stress subjected to dietary deficiencies at low stocking density, suggesting that dietary deficiencies produced a chronic elevation of cortisol. When fish were subjected to repetitive chasing, plasma cortisol from fish fed control diet showed a progressive increase whereas plasma cortisol levels from both dietary deficient groups showed a transitory peak 4 days after the beginning of the repetitive chasing. However, ACP activity levels of fish fed deficient diets remained lower than the control group and constant during chasing period. These results suggest that both a-tocopherol and n-3 HUFA nutritional deficiencies rather than stress are an important determinant of fish complement activity.     

斑点叉尾趋化因子SCYA126基因及其可变剪接

通过探针杂交筛选斑点叉尾(Ictalurus punctatus)BAC基因组文库,利用引物步移的方法对阳性克隆BAC047 K12进行序列测定,得到2 815 bp的SCYA126基因组序列。序列分析表明,SCYA126基因由2个外显子和1个内含子组成;外显子拼接的序列与SCYA126cDNA序列完全一致,编码92个氨基酸,在N端含有2个相邻的半胱氨酸(CC)和2个不相邻的半胱氨酸,为典型的CC趋化因子亚家族成员;其上游调控序列包含TATA框启动子序列和一些与免疫相关的转录因子结合位点。另外,根据与GenBank接收号为BM029630的EST序列的比较分析,发现SCYA126基因组中的内含子没有被剪接,导致翻译后可能产生N端部分缺失的SCYA126蛋白。在胰脏和肝脏中确认了高表达的包含内含子的mRNA的存在,而且其表达量要明显高于正常剪接的SCYA126mRNA。[中国水产科学,2007,14(1):1-7]     

我国猪瘟疫苗效力检验的替代方法研究与应用进展

我国兽药典中现行的猪瘟疫苗效力检验方法存在试验成本较高、周期较长、操作较繁琐、重复性较差、敏感性较低等缺点,随着分子生物学与免疫学技术的日臻发展与应用,猪瘟疫苗效力检验的新兴替代检验方法不断发展和完善。论文就我国近年来针对猪瘟疫苗毒种、半成品、成品效力检验的新兴分子生物学和免疫学检测方法的研究与应用进展做一简要综述,旨在为提升我国猪瘟疫苗效力检验水平提供合理的科学依据。     

Fish meal replacement by plant and animal by-products in diets for the Australian short-finned eel, Anguilla australis australis (Richardson)

In this experiment, 23% of fish meal protein was replaced with protein from Australian soybean meal (SBM), lupin meal (LM), corn gluten meal (CGM) and meat meal (MM) in nutritionally balanced experimental diets. Growth and growth efficiencies of juvenile Australian short‐finned eel Anguilla australis australis (Richardson) elvers (2.23±0.4‐g average wet weight) were compared. Elvers were fed twice a day to a total of 5% body weight per day for 63 days. Total weight gain (g), specific growth rate (% day^?1), protein efficiency ratio (%) and productive protein value (%) were significantly higher (P<0.05) for elvers fed the MM diet than for those fed the LM diet. There were no differences in diurnal ammonia‐nitrogen excretion rates. However, diurnal urea‐nitrogen excretion rates were significantly (P<0.05) affected by diet and rates were two to three times higher for all diets, except CGM, 4 h following the afternoon feed. Diet significantly affected apparent digestibility (AD); ADs of protein for SBM and LM were significantly (P<0.001) higher than for control diet, CGM and MM; AD of energy for LM was significantly (P<0.05) lower than for all the other diets. Fish meal protein was replaced by CGM, SBM and MM without compromising growth rates of the Australian short‐finned eel. However, whole lupin seed meal (LM) depressed growth and growth efficiencies most likely because of the high indigestible carbohydrate content.     

Apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients in brewer's and rendered animal by-products for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum))

Two experiments were conducted to measure the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of nutrients, dry matter, and energy in by‐products of the brewing industry and in selected animal protein ingredients for rainbow trout. In experiment 1, 500 rainbow trout (average body weight 170.8±5.5 g) were stocked in ten 140‐L digestibility tanks with 50 fish per tank and two tanks per diet. Yttrium oxide was used as an inert marker in the diets. The high fibre content of brewer's dried grains (BDG) affected the ADCs of dry matter but not of protein or amino acids. Brewer's dried yeast had a higher protein content than BDG, but ADC values for protein and amino acids were significantly lower. The ADCs of phosphorus were similar among brewer's dried products. The BDG high‐protein, fraction had marginally higher ADC values for dry matter, protein and amino acids than regular BDG. Conditions in experiment 2 were similar to those in experiment 1. ADC values for spray‐dried porcine plasma were over 98% for dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, and gross energy. ADC values for spent hen meal were higher than those of poultry by‐product meal or feather meal, with the exception of gross energy. However, spent hen meal was unpalatable. The ADCs in these ingredients were variable, and this variability must be taken into account when these ingredients are formulated into feeds for fish.