Addition of the red macroalgae Turkish Towel Chondracanthus exasperates and taurine improves the performance of alternative plant‐based feeds for juvenile sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria

Turkish Towel Chondracanthus exasperates and taurine were added to alternative plant‐based feeds for juvenile sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria to evaluate the effect of these ingredients, alone or combined, on fish growth, feed intake and efficiency, whole body nutrient composition, and liver histomorphology. Fish growth was significantly increased with the addition of taurine, and to a lesser extent, Turkish Towel to the experimental feeds. Feed efficiency and protein retention were significantly improved with the addition of taurine, but were unaffected by Turkish Towel addition. As expected, whole body taurine content was significantly affected by taurine addition. Increases in whole body lipid were observed with both taurine and Turkish Towel addition, with a significant interaction between the two factors. Liver histomorphology was generally normal; however, histopathologic changes were observed in some fish at the end of the experiment. The occurrence of hepatocellular nuclear pleomorphism and clear cell foci was less among fish that had received the Turkish Towel feeds. The addition of taurine had no effect on the number of fish with a histopathologic change. Overall, results from this study reaffirm taurine supplementation is beneficial to sablefish receiving plant‐based feeds and indicate Turkish Towel may be a promising feed ingredient for this species.     

柴油机燃用生物质燃油--柴油混合燃料燃烧特性的研究

在测定生物质燃油物理性能的基础上,将生物质燃油和柴油做各种配比,最后筛选出了生物质燃油柴油(体积比)=19的混合燃料与纯柴油进行了台架对比试验.结果表明在发动机结构不变的情况下,燃用混合燃料1和混合燃料2是可行的,与纯柴油相比节油效果显著,节油率可分别达11.7%和6.6%,并有效降低了柴油机的排放污染,CO2含量分别降低了7.1%和4.5%.     

Efficiency of N2 fixation in Vicia faba L. in combination with different Rhizobium leguminosarum strains

The efficiency of symbiotic dinitrogen (N₂) fixation in Vicia faba L. in combination with 3 different Rhizobium leguminosarum strains was studied in a pot experiment during vegetative and reproductive growth. The objective of the experiments was to assess variability among Rhizobium strains inoculated on single legume species and determine possible reasons for observed variations. Dry matter formation, N₂ fixation and the carbon (C) costs of N₂ fixation were determined in comparison with nodule free plants grown with urea. Nodule number and the capacity of different respiratory chains in the nodules were also measured. The plants inoculated with the Rhizobium strain A 37 formed less dry matter and fixed less N compared to the other two Rhizobium strains (Vic 1 and A 150). This coincided with a lower number of nodules and higher C costs of N₂ fixation. The C costs for N₂ fixation were in all cases significantly lower during reproductive growth compared to vegetative growth. Neither the latter nor the differences in C expenditure for N₂ fixation between the Rhizobium strains could be explained in terms of differences or shifts in the capacity of different respiratory chains in the nodules.     

龙眼MEE70/MSI1基因DlMEE70-1a及其可变剪接体DlMEE70-1b的分离及其在体胚发生过程中的表达分析

MEE70/MSI1是拟南芥母性效应胚胎滞育基因,在植物胚胎发生过程中具有重要作用。采用RACE技术获得龙眼MEE70-1a(登录号KC492117)及其可变剪接体MEE70-1b(登录号KC492118)c DNA序列,克隆MSI1g DNA(登录号KC492126)序列。生物信息学分析预测Dl MEE70-1a和Dl MEE70-1b均为亲水不稳定的酸性蛋白,主要定位于过氧化物酶体和细胞核,各含有4和1个WD-repeat结构域。MEE70-1a和MEE70-1b在体细胞胚胎发生过程实时荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,Dl MEE70-1a和Dl MEE70-1b表达趋势以心形胚为界,除了Dl MEE70-1b的不完全胚型紧实结构(ICp EC)到球形胚(GE)阶段之间,都表现出先降后升的趋势;胚性愈伤组织(EC)时期两者表达量一致且最高;心形胚(HE)时期,两者表达量一致且最低,另Dl MEE70-1b在不完全胚性紧实结构(ICp EC)表达量与心形胚基本一致。这2个表达剂量是胚胎发生的重要保障,心形胚(HE)后,Dl MEE70-1a被再次激活转录促进胚胎正常发育。从Dl MEE70-1a和Dl MEE70-1b的理化性质、WD重复结构域数量、亚细胞定位以及表达量和趋势,可以推测Dl MEE70-1a需要Dl MEE70-1b的协同来调控龙眼胚胎发育。     

碳中和战略下林业碳汇引入生态修复司法之效能探究

2022年以来,部分法院接力推动林业碳汇引入生态修复司法的进程,并最终得到司法解释的认可,形成了林业碳汇替代性赔偿方案。林业碳汇交易系实现碳达峰、碳中和的重要路径,生态环境司法也提出要服务碳达峰、碳中和的实现。在此背景下,分析该方案的实践样态,探查林业碳汇引入生态修复司法的现实需求、原有制度的缺陷以及引入基础,揭示林业碳汇替代性赔偿方案的潜在效能,特别是其对碳达峰、碳中和战略的重要意义,从而尝试给出加速林业碳汇法律化进程,明确林业碳汇替代性赔偿方案的属性及实用领域等针对性优化建议。     

草菇谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶编码基因vv-gpx01的序列特征及表达分析

依托草菇基因组及转录组数据,克隆得到1个谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)编码基因,命名为vvgpx01。ZOOM软件的分析结果表明:该基因全长1 313 bp,含有4个外显子、3个内含子,编码228个氨基酸;5'端非翻译区长为12 bp,3'端非翻译区为452 bp;其中3个内含子在RNA加工过程中均存在保留现象。生物信息学分析结果表明:草菇的GPx01序列具备完整的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶保守结构域;系统发育树显示,担子菌与子囊菌的GPx分别聚在了2个不同的分支上,草菇GPx01与双孢蘑菇亲缘关系较近并与其他伞菌目的真菌聚在1个分支上。另外,由内含子保留所产生的氨基酸序列均出现了不同程度的功能域缺失,这将导致谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的失活。表达谱分析结果表明:vv-gpx01在整个草菇生长阶段都有表达,但表达量存在差异。推测,草菇GPx01可能通过可变剪接产生不同的转录本,通过调节不同转录本的表达水平来调控基因功能域的翻译水平及空间构型,最终实现酶活性的调节。     

激光衍射法测定中国典型土壤颗粒分布的模型建立与验证

【目的】探讨快速测定中国典型土壤粒径分布的方法,提高土壤颗粒粒径分布测定的准确性。【方法】采用激光衍射法和传统吸管法（简称吸管法）对比研究中国15个省20种不同类型土壤的颗粒分布。【结果】激光法和吸管法测定的砂粒、粉粒和黏粒含量均呈显著的线性正相关。其中,激光法测定的黏粒和砂粒含量比吸管法测定的值平均低73.4 g•kg-1和59.6 g•kg-1,而粉粒含量平均较吸管法高131.2 g•kg-1。通过建立土壤粒径的累积分布曲线函数,建立了两种方法测定结果的转换模型。激光法测出的土壤颗粒粒径累积分布曲线函数为：y=1 000x/（b+x）（x代表粒径大小,y代表小于该粒径的颗粒所占的质量）。吸管法测得的相应粒径累积曲线函数为y=1 000x/（1.32b-1.01+x）。根据该函数得到的土壤颗粒粒径质量百分含量查质地分类三角图,即可判断土壤的质地类型。【结论】激光粒度仪检测结果通过转换模型修正,可以较好地反映土壤机械组成及土壤质地情况,可以快速准确地用于土壤颗粒组成的测定。     

沙漠绿洲区不同灌水方式条件下玉米灌溉制度研究

在石羊河流域干旱缺水的民勤县连续进行了 4年田间试验 ,研究了大田地膜玉米畦灌、常规沟灌、交替隔沟灌溉和宽垄沟灌 4种灌水方式下的灌溉定额及其对产量和水分利用的影响 ,拟定了不同灌水方式下的灌溉制度 ,得出交替隔沟灌溉方式下灌水 7次 ,次灌水定额为 30 0 m3/hm2 ,灌水时间为拔节期、大喇叭口期、抽雄期、抽穗期、灌浆始、灌浆中、乳熟期的灌溉制度为该地区推荐采用的最优方案。     

防治稻纵卷叶螟高毒农药替代药剂的室内筛选

 为筛选高毒农药替代药剂,采用Potter喷雾法测定了8类29种杀虫剂对广西南宁和江苏南京稻纵卷叶螟3龄幼虫的室内毒力。这8类杀虫剂的毒力顺序为：抗生素类杀虫剂≥苯基吡唑类杀虫剂≥噁二嗪类杀虫剂≥昆虫生长调节剂类杀虫剂≥有机磷酸酯类杀虫剂、拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂≥有机氯类杀虫剂≥沙蚕毒素类杀虫剂。甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐（甲维盐）对两地区稻纵卷叶螟3龄幼虫的触杀毒力最高,其LC50值介于0.2~0.8 mg/L;氟虫腈、茚虫威、呋喃虫酰肼、丁烯氟虫腈、虫酰肼、氟啶脲和氟铃脲的LC50值介于1.8~53 mg/L。推荐对稻纵卷叶螟毒力最高的10种新型杀虫剂（甲维盐、依维菌素、阿维菌素、氟虫腈、茚虫威、呋喃虫酰肼、丁烯氟虫腈、虫酰肼、氟啶脲、氟铃脲）和一些有机磷杀虫剂（喹硫磷、辛硫磷、丙溴磷、毒死蜱、哒嗪硫磷）作为高毒农药替代的候选药剂进行大田药效试验。此外,还讨论了稻纵卷叶螟的药剂防治措施。