发酵诺尼果种子中有效成分及其抗氧化性

为了有效利用已发酵诺尼果(Noni)种子,探讨提取发酵诺尼种子中有效成分的方法,进一步研究发酵诺尼果种子有效成分的抗氧化性。笔者分别用水蒸气蒸馏和有机溶剂95%乙醇萃取,再对2种提取方法分别获得的发酵诺尼果提取物进行气相色谱质谱(GC-MS)分析;采用A320电子顺磁共振波谱仪对乙醇萃取获得的发酵诺尼果种子精油的抗氧化性进行分析。结果表明,发酵诺尼果种子提取物中的有效成分绝大多数为酯类物质,此外还含有酸类和醇类物质。95%乙醇萃取物经GC-MS分析,首次在发酵诺尼果种子提取物中发现了角鲨烯,其相对含量为12.95%。电子顺磁共振法可简便、快速检测发酵诺尼果种子精油的抗氧化性,乙醇萃取发酵诺尼果种子精油不同层DPPH清除能力表现不同,在提取物相同体积时,样品清除自由基的反应速度很快,其中乙醇萃取发酵诺尼果种子精油下层在2 min能够完全清除自由基,而精油上层在20min不能完全清除自由基。说明其精油下层的抗氧化活性高于上层。笔者认为,已发酵诺尼果种子含有开发价值的活性物质,且该活性物质具有抗氧化性。     

Natural bixin as a potential carotenoid for enhancing pigmentation and colour in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Discovering natural carotenoids for colour enhancement and health benefits of fish is important to develop new feed formulations. We have purified natural bixin from achiote seeds and evaluated the effect of colour enhancing and pigmentation in goldfish. Varying levels of bixin‐based diets were prepared with 420 g kg^?1 of crude protein and 120 g kg^?1 of lipid content. Our results clearly showed that bixin (0.05, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.60 g kg^?1) based diets significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the skin and fin colour at 30 and 60 days compared to diet without bixin. Interestingly, diet which contains 0.20 g kg^?1 bixin and commercial feed (with astaxanthin) had similar effect on carotenoid deposition in skin. Moreover, total carotenoid deposition in fin was higher than in skin of all bixin‐containing diets. However, 0.60 g kg^?1 bixin‐containing diet had lower specific growth rate (1.01 ± 0.01) and higher feed conversion ratio (2.05 ± 0.19) compared to the control group. The present results demonstrate that achiote bixin can be successfully used as an alternative natural carotenoid source against synthetic astaxanthin in fish feed. Our data indicate that 0.20 g kg^?1 is a suitable dietary level of bixin to ensure strong pigmentation, acceptable growth and feed utilization in goldfish.     

大豆未成熟种子子叶节不定芽再生的初步研究

以冀豆12和中黄13的未成熟种子子叶节为外植体,研究了6BA浓度、取材时间和种子发育程度对大豆未成熟种子子叶节不定芽诱导的影响.结果表明:冀豆12最佳取材时间为开花后60～66 d,最佳6-BA浓度为1.0～1.5 mg·L-1,出芽率达96.67%～100%.中黄13最佳取材时间为开花后49～65 d,6-BA浓度为...     

基于光声光谱和TCA迁移学习的稻种活力检测

种子活力是决定水稻产量的最重要因素之一,但目前水稻种子活力的近红外和高光谱等无损检测方法易受种子表皮颜色影响,且所建模型难以适应新品种。该研究提出基于光声光谱技术的稻种活力无损检测方法并结合迁移学习进行新品种稻种活力检测。首先,对Y两优、龙粳、南粳、宁粳、武运粳、新两优等具有区域代表性的典型6种水稻品种,进行高温高湿人工老化处理,得到0~7 d老化时间的水稻种子;再通过调制频率获得8种不同深度的光声光谱信息,用主成分分析、竞争性自适应重加权算法对光谱降维得到特征光谱后,对Y两优、龙粳、南粳、宁粳、武运粳分别建立偏最小二乘回归（Partial Least Squares Regression,PLSR）、反向传播神经网络（Back Propagation Neural Network,BP）、广义回归神经网络（Generalized Regression Neural Network,GRNN）、支持向量回归模型（Support Vector Regression,SVR）、深度卷积神经网络（Convolutional Netural Network,CNN）的稻种活力预测模型,并选择最优调制频率;最后,通过迁移学习将建立的模型迁移到新两优稻种进行活力预测。结果表明,光声光谱最佳扫描频率为300 Hz,CNN预测模型精度较高,相关系数和均方根误差分别优于0.990 9、低于0.967 5;且经过迁移学习,仅需通过对源域数据的训练,即可直接对新品种稻种的活力进行精确预测;通过TCA迁移学习后,新两优稻种活力预测的相关系数从0.718 5提高到0.990 3。研究表明,采用光声光谱深度扫描技术对不同种类稻种的活力进行高精度检测是可行的,且经过迁移学习,仅需80粒新品种稻种信息即可实现稻种活力的精确预测。     

4种豆科牧草种子对绵羊消化道作用的反应

以4种野生豆科牧草苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroide)、线叶野豌豆(Vicia tenuifolia)、光果甘草(Glycyrrhizae glabrae)、罗马苜蓿(Medicago romanica)种子为研究对象,测定各种子在绵羊消化道作用前后的形态、生物学特性变化以及在绵羊消化道内的运移和排放规律。结果表明,4种种子排放过程均符合高斯模型,且苦豆子、线叶野豌豆、光果甘草排放峰值均出现在饲喂后24~36h,罗马苜蓿种子排放峰值则出现在18~30h。苦豆子、线叶野豌豆、光果甘草和罗马苜蓿种子总回收率分别为14.513%、4.463%、10.811%、4.608%,在绵羊消化道内的平均滞留时间分别为36.3、29.6、31.2和31.9h。除苦豆子外,其它3种植物种子在经过消化道后单粒重显著降低(P0.05),4种种子消化后的形状指数较经过消化道前显著减小。经过绵羊消化道后种皮颜色加深,纹理模糊,出现褶皱及明显侵蚀斑。与经过消化道前比较,4种植物种子经过消化道后的发芽率均有显著提高,其中发芽率提高效果最明显的时间段在消化24~48h后。消化道作用可有效打破苦豆子、线叶野豌豆、光果甘草、罗马苜蓿种子的硬实,4种植物种子均可通过绵羊消化道传播。     

多功能睡床的人性化设计

分析了老年人及残疾人的生活习惯,基于人性化设计理念,探讨针对这一特殊人群多功能睡床应具备的功能,并从舒适性、安全性和易用性三个方面分析了多功能睡床的设计原则。     

梭梭属不同种源种子品质初评

梭梭属(Haloxylon Bge.)的两个种,主要分布在新疆准噶尔盆地,是优良防风固沙和薪炭树种,被列为国家重点保护植物。国内对两种梭梭的利用和研究,从50年代末就已经开始进行,至今已做了大量的工作,但对其种子特性的研究报道甚少。为了更深入了解梭梭两种植物的种子特性,我们于1987年选用吐鲁番沙漠研究站引种成功的两种梭梭(H.ammodendron、H.Persicum)的种子同原分布区莫索湾沙漠研究站采的种子,对其品质进行了对比试验分析,为梭梭属引种工作中的种源选择及种子保存提供依据。现将结果报道如下。     

灰飞虱不同虫量与水稻条纹叶枯病发病的相关性研究

通过田间水稻1代灰飞虱成虫高峰期罩笼接虫传毒试验,结果表明,带毒灰飞虱属持久性传毒型介体昆虫,并随虫量的增加,水稻条纹叶枯病发病呈上升趋势,以400～600头/m2时发病较为明显。浸种试验显示,用25%咪鲜胺EC(使百克) 10%二硫氰甲烷EC(浸种灵) 12.5%吡虫啉SL浸稻种有控虫防病效果。     

用免疫分离法检测稻种上的白叶枯病菌

 免疫分离法是一种新型的、高度灵敏和准确的种菌带菌检验法,它结合了利用专化性抗血清的选择法吸附作用和活细菌可形成菌落的两方面的优点,从种苗材料中分离到目标细菌,用纯菌测试它的回收率为50~70%,最低检出率为50~100个菌/ml,人工喷接种和病田收获的病种带菌率达87%,平均每粒自然病种上的细菌数在100个左右。免疫分离所得菌落经致病性测定,大多数为白叶枯菌。     

Pod, Seed and Germination Characteristics of Selected Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (Linn.) Maton) Varieties

Cardamom is a popular and important tropical spice, traditionally propagated by rhizomes, although seeds which are considered recalcitrant are being increasingly used in planting programmes. Thus a study evaluated the effects of pod maturity on pod, seed and germination characteristics of three popular varieties, along with the influence of drying on seed germinability.
Green and yellow mature pods and seeds of all varieties had a high moisture content. The variety Mysore, which is considered high yielding, had larger pods with a greater number of heavy seeds. Although the pods of Vazukka were heavier than the Malabar variety due to greater seed weights, seed numbers were similar in both varieties. Seed moisture contents declined with increasing pod maturity, while seed weights and germinability increased.
The germinability of Mysore seeds were greater, while that of the other varieties were lower. The larger seeds of all varieties germinated 15–20 days earlier, giving rise to a greater percentage (20–25 %) of seedlings. Desiccation at 20 °C maintained germinability for a longer period (5–9 days) in all varieties, than when dried at 30 °C. The seeds of the variety Mysore was more tolerant to desiccation than other varieties. The study illustrated the importance of selecting large seeds from yellow mature pods of cardamom for propagation and the value of establishment immediately after harvest to obtain a greater number of seedlings.