Genetic analysis of agronomic and fibre traits using four interspecific chromosome substitution lines in cotton

Backcrossed chromosome substitution lines (CS‐B) have been developed with a homologous pair of chromosomes or chromosome arms of Gossypium barbadense (3‐79) germplasm substituted for the homologous Gossypium hirsutum(TM‐1) chromosomes or chromosome segments. We report on agronomic and fibre trait performance of four backcrossed chromosome or chromosome arm substitution lines including chromosomes 01, 11sh (chromosome 11 short arm), 12 sh and 26 Lo (chromosome 26 long arm). Data for agronomic and fibre traits were collected from replicated field experiments at two different locations in 2 years, and analysed under an additive dominance genetic model. CS‐B 12sh had higher, while CS‐B 01 and CS‐B 26Lo had lower boll weight than TM‐1. The presence of significant negative additive effects for micronaire with CS‐B 01 and significant positive additive effects for elongation and fibre strength with CS‐B 11sh suggested the substituted chromosome arms of 3‐79 in these CS‐B lines were more likely carrying genes causing these effects. Results revealed that several CS‐B lines had significant homozygous and heterozygous dominance effects for different agronomic and fibre traits suggesting that specific CS‐B lines may be useful for improving agronomic and fibre traits in hybrid cottons. These CS‐B lines also provide novel genetic resources for improving upland cotton germplasm.     

烯效唑干粉拌种降低小麦不育系株高的效应

为了加大杂交小麦制种时的父母本株高差异,获得良好的制种效果,用不同剂量的烯效唑干粉和待播不育系种子均匀混合,以探索烯效唑干粉拌种的适宜剂量和不同不育系对烯效唑的敏感性.结果表明,烯效哇干粉拌种可以显著降低小麦不育系的株高,30 mg·kg-1是多数供试不育系的适宜拌种剂量;不同不育系对烯效唑的敏感性有一定差异,在烯效唑用量为20 mg·kg-1时,各不育系的株高降低率差异不显著;在烯效唑用量为30 mg·kg-1和40 mg·kg-1时,各不育系的株高降低率以268S为最高,极显著高于海大S-1和海大S-2,而与2110-2-5-2-5S无显著差异.     

Mapping QTL of Fiber Yield and Quality Traits in F2 Populations of Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines from Gossypium hirsutum × Gossypium barbadense

In this study, F₂ populations from two chromosome segment substitution lines MBI7455 and MBI7358, were quantified using SSR to evaluate the parents' genotype and detect QTL related to fiber quality plus yield traits of cotton. Results show that the recurrent parent (CCRI45) hosted 96.70% and 95.60% of chromosome segment substitution in MBI7455 with 12 chromosome segments and in MBI7358 with 16 chromosome substitution segments of Gossypium barbadense, respectively. In the F₂ population, the average rate of chromosome substitution of the recurrent parent (CCRI45) was 96.44%, and the average segments of chromosome substitution of Gossypium barbadense was 13.42, with an average segments of homozygous donor chromosome value of 3.90. Analysis showed 19 fiber quality-related QTL with a phenotypic variance of between 2.52%-13.11% and seven yield traits-related QTL with a range of 2.93%-11.40% phenotypic variance, resulting in a total of 26 QTL. The CSSLs could be used to detect QTL for fiber yield and quality traits, which offer an important foundation for the cotton molecular-assisted breeding.     

节水防污型农田水利系统构建及其效果分析

不合理的农田水肥管理是造成农业面源污染的主要原因之一。为了探寻灌区水稻节水、增产和减污相统一的措施,提出运用由田间、草沟、塘堰湿地和骨干沟"四道防线"组成的系统净化农田排水,并在广西桂林市青狮潭灌区及广西灌溉试验中心站开展了系统的试验研究。通过站内不同水肥处理下对田间节水、水稻增产、氮磷流失减少指标的分析,优选水稻田间最优水肥管理模式,即采用间歇灌溉模式、施氮肥总量不变、适当减少氮肥基肥增加追肥用量;在站外根据现有的水系分布构建"四道防线"系统,分析了各道防线对农田排水的净化效果以及提高净化效果的主要措施。由"四道防线"构成的节水防污型农田水利系统对农田氮磷排放具有良好的净化效果,实现了减少农田面源污染和修复农田水环境的目的。     

马身猪耳缘组织成纤维细胞的体外培养与鉴定

为研究马身猪体细胞的生物学特性,试验以3日龄马身猪耳缘组织为材料,采用组织块贴壁法建立马身猪耳缘组织成纤维细胞系,并对体外获得的细胞系进行生物学特性检测。结果表明,获得的马身猪耳缘组织成纤维细胞系符合成纤维细胞的基本特征,细胞贴壁生长,呈典型的梭形、星形和多边形,细胞汇合成单层的时间为10~13 d,生长曲线呈S型,中期染色体二倍体（2n=38）占主体,约占细胞总数的84%,符合细胞建系的要求;脂质体（Lipofectamine^TM 2000）转染绿色荧光蛋白质粒（pEGFP-C1）的转染效率为25%。马身猪耳缘组织成纤维细胞系的成功建立为地方猪种遗传资源的保护开辟了新的方法。     

CIMMYT亚热带优质蛋白玉米自交系的配合力和杂种优势群分析

 采用NCII设计，以齐205、CA375和CA339为测验种，与22个来自于CIMMYT的亚热带QPM自交系配制66个测交组合，经过两年完全区组田间试验，分析22个CIMMYT自交系的配合力和杂种优势群。结果表明，CML181、CML182、CML194、CML179、CML193产量一般配合力较高，在我国的QPM种质改良中有较大的应用价值。来源于群体Pool32、UWO417、WOMTA、CYO和Pool33的自交系与CA375、CA339之间的亲缘关系较近，可划在同一个杂种优势群，定为QA群。来源于群体Pool34和UYO的自交系与齐205的亲缘关系较近，可划在同一杂种优势群，定为QB群。     

爪哇稻Wanilava细胞质雄性不育系的创建及AFLP指纹图谱分析

初步鉴定了爪哇稻Wanilava细胞质雄性不育系的特征特性,并以2套水稻（Oryza sativa）同核异质材料273JW（爪哇型胞质不育系）、273D（D型胞质不育系）及其对应的保持系273B, 803JW（爪哇型胞质不育系）、803WA（野败型胞质不育系）及其对应的保持系803B为研究对象,利用AFLP 分子标记技术构建了JW型不育胞质的指纹图谱,分离了JW型胞质与野败型胞质及保持系的差异片段。     

Effect of allelic variation at the Glu-3/Gli-1 loci on breadmaking quality parameters in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) encoded by the Glu-3 loci are known to contribute to wheat breadmaking quality. However, the specific effect of individual Glu-3 alleles is not well understood due to their complex protein banding patterns in SDS-PAGE and tight linkage with gliadins at the Gli-1 locus. Using DNA markers and a backcross program, we developed a set of nine near isogenic lines (NILs) including different Glu-A3/Gli-A1 or Glu-B3/Gli-B1 alleles in the genetic background of the Argentine variety ProINTA Imperial. The nine NILs and the control were evaluated in three different field trials in Argentina. Significant genotype-by-environment interactions were detected for most quality parameters indicating that the effects of the Glu-3/Gli-1 alleles are modulated by environmental differences. None of the NILs showed differences in total flour protein content, but relative changes in the abundance of particular classes of proteins cannot be ruled out. On average, the Glu-A3f, Glu-B3b, Glu-B3g and Glu-B3i_Man alleles were associated with the highest values in gluten strength-related parameters, while Glu-A3e, Glu-B3a and Glu-B3i_Chu were consistently associated with weak gluten and low quality values. The value of different Glu-3/Gli-1 allele combinations to improve breadmaking quality is discussed.     

小麦抗叶锈近等基因系的利用及评价

本文对以Thatcher为遗传背景的近等基因系间的相似程度及其原因进行了综述,对近等基因系的利用及存在的问题进行了讨论。