沟蚀监测研究现状及发展展望

介绍了国内外常用的沟蚀监测方法中传统皮尺侵蚀针监测法、遥感监测法、GPS监测法、树木断代法、塘库淤地坝回溯法、三维激光扫描监测法的研究与应用成果,讨论了各种方法的优缺点及适用范围,指出提高监测精度、降低监测工作难度是沟蚀监测方法发展的趋势,认为监测精度高的三维激光扫描、无人机遥感等新兴技术在沟蚀监测领域的应用是今后一段时间的研究热点。     

基于数字高程模型的树木三维体积测量

为了实现对树木高精度无损的三维体积测量,该文以三维激光扫描系统采集树木点云数据为依据,并运用数字化测绘成图软件对树木的点云数据建立数字高程模型,通过立体三角网的建立,利用成图软件的土方计算功能计算出树木的体积,并详细介绍了系统的计算原理。本文以试验区选定的20棵树为研究对象,采用该系统对20棵不同高度和体积的油松进行了10次重复试验,并将测量结果与人工测量结果进行了对比分析,试验结果表明与人工测量结果相一致,(标准误差δx=3.54,绝对误差限△=7.002,相对误差限E/%=3.15%,精度可达96.852%,)能够运用于树木体积的测量。     

Associations among albuminuria, C-reactive protein concentrations, survival predictor index scores, and survival in 78 critically ill dogs

Background: Microalbuminuria and C‐reactive protein (CRP) are predictors of morbidity and survival in critically ill human patients. Hypothesis/Objectives: To evaluate results of microalbuminuria assays (untimed single‐sample urine albumin concentration [U‐ALB] and the urine albumin : creatinine ratio [UACR]), serum CRP, and survival predictor index (SPI2) scores as predictors of survival in critically ill dogs. Animals: Seventy‐eight dogs admitted to intensive care units at University of Tennessee (UT) and Colorado State University (CSU). Methods: Prospective observational study. Critically ill dogs were eligible for enrollment, unless euthanized because of financial constraints. Samples were collected within 3 hours of admission. Spearman's rank‐correlation coefficients were determined for U‐ALB, UACR, CRP, and SPI2. U‐ALB, UACR, CRP, and SPI2 were assessed for associations with 7‐ and 30‐day survival by Mann‐Whitney U‐tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. P‐values < .0125 were considered significant. Results: UT (n = 49) and CSU (n = 29) patients did not differ significantly. Forty percent (31/78) of dogs died. SPI2 was inversely correlated with U‐ALB (r_s=?0.39, P < .001) and UACR (r_s=?0.41, P < .001). CRP was not correlated with SPI2 (P= .019), U‐ALB (P > .1), or UACR (P > .1). U‐ALB and UACR had very high correlation (r_s= 0.95, P < .001). SPI2, U‐ALB, and UACR differed significantly for survivors and nonsurvivors. SPI2, U‐ALB, and UACR had areas under the ROC curve (AUC) from 0.68 to 0.74 for survival prediction. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Albuminuria and SPI2, but not CRP, are associated with survival in critically ill dogs. Suboptimal AUCs limit the value of microalbuminuria testing for clinical risk assessment. Additional studies are necessary to determine the usefulness of microalbuminuria testing in patient risk stratification for prospective research.     

基于机器视觉的导航定位技术

对导航定位中的曲线导航问题进行研究,采用单目视觉导航定位的方法采集多幅导航线图像,首先进行了远距离标定,建立实际行走的距离与偏航角度以及目标物偏离中心位置的距离与像素大小的数据库,再用得到的数据库,根据几何的方法计算出导航精度,在本实验中,基本依靠单目视觉技术完成了曲线导航的任务。     

The occurrence of reflexes and reactions in cattle following stunning with a captive bolt at the slaughterhouse

The difference in the frequency of the occurrence of reflexes/reactions in 355 cows (average weight 505.5 ± 7.9 kg) and 262 bulls (average weight 735.6 ± 8.4 kg) following stunning with a Matador SS 3,000 B trigger‐activated captive bolt gun (Termet) was determined. The stun shot more than 2 cm from the ideal position was found in 79.6% of animals. Vocalization, corneal reflex, rhythmic breathing, blinking, eyeball rotation and the absence of tongue protrusion occurred more frequently in bulls (p < .05). Spontaneous limb movements and nystagmus occurred more frequently in cows (p < .05). No difference between bulls and cows was determined in the occurrence of a response to painful stimuli or attempts to regain normal posture. No dependency was determined between the frequency of the occurrence of a reflex/reaction and the distance of the stun shot from the ideal point on the skull for any of the monitored signs. This study shows that the occurrence of reflexes/reactions following the stunning of cattle with a captive bolt is not only dependent on the position of the shot if placed within a 9 cm radius from the ideal point on the cattle skull.     

微波信号源相位噪声测量的研究

本文从提高微波信号源相位噪声测量精度的要求出发，给出了一种由计算机控制的微波相位噪声测量系统，并在此基础上从改进系统硬件和采用不同测量方案的角度对进一步提高测量精度的不同途径进行了研究。     

利用后裔测定验证大白猪基因组选择实施效果研究

旨在通过测定基因组选择选留的大白公猪的后裔生产性能,探究基因组选择实际育种效果。本研究选用913头大白猪构建参考群体,利用ssGBLUP对新出生的823头大白公猪在去势前进行第一次基因组评估,待生产性能测定后进行第二次基因组评估,最终选留10头性能差异显著的公猪留种,比较其后代生长性状表型和育种值及综合选择指数差异。结果表明,两次基因组遗传评估,达100 kg体重日龄、100 kg活体背膘厚和总产仔数3个性状基因组育种值（GEBV）估计准确性分别由0.56、0.67和0.64提高至0.73、0.73和0.67,两次基因组选择基因组母系指数相关系数为0.82,表明在去势前进行公猪基因组选择具有较高的准确性,可实现种猪早期选择。根据各性状GEBV和基因组母系指数,10头公猪被划分为高、低生产性能组,后裔测定成绩表明,两组公猪后代100 kg体重日龄表型均值之差为2.58 d,育种值之差为3.08 d,100 kg活体背膘厚表型均值之差为1.15 mm,育种值之差为1.03 mm,综合母系指数均值之差为9.3,除后代100 kg体重日龄表型均值之差外,其他差异均达到极显著水平。本研究证明,在基因组评估中具有显著差异的公猪其后代在表型值和育种值等方面均存在显著差异,通过基因组选择能够挑选出优秀种公猪,可将其遗传优势传递给后代。     

从TM图像中专题解译稻田信息的精度分析

利用美国Landsat-5夏末时相的TM-CCT数据,经计算机处理,外拍成像的TM图像,采用简化的目视综合解译法,专题解译稻田信息,其结果的定性解译正确率为93.9％,宏观面积精度为99.5％,从而明确了只要有合适的TM资料,那么,对平原稻区的县级以上的水稻遥感估产稻田面积进行监测是可能的。     

用于梯形渠道的仿翼形便携式量水槽水力性能

机翼形量水设施水力条件优、量水精度高,但翼形曲线的复杂性制约其推广,为此,该研究基于结构简单的仿翼形便携式量水槽,探究其在末级梯形渠道的适用性。模型试验设计5组收缩比、7组流量进行水力性能试验,在此基础上,基于FLOW-3D软件对比分析仿翼形与机翼形量水槽水力性能的差异,深入研究不同收缩比对仿翼形量水槽水力性能的影响。研究结果表明：数值模拟与试验结果的水深数据吻合,误差小于4.91%,数值模拟的方法准确可靠;简化后未改变机翼形过流顺畅、雍水高度小等特点;所有工况上游佛汝德数均小于0.5,雍水高度小于7.6 cm,满足测流精度和渠道安全的要求,收缩比在0.60～0.64范围时,量水槽水力性能最优;基于能量方程及临界流原理建立的流量公式精度较高,平均测流误差为2.75%。该研究表明仿翼形保持了原机翼形良好的水力性能,测流精度高且曲线形式简单,便于推广,对于促进灌区末级梯形渠道便携式量水槽的推广具有实用价值。     

基于室内高光谱数据的多种类型土壤有机质估算模型比较

基于高光谱数据的土壤有机质反演是土壤遥感及精准农业的重要研究内容,然而不同的光谱处理及建模方法使得模型的估算能力及精度差异明显,限制了模型之间的通用性。为了构建陕西省土壤有机质含量估算的最优模型,以陕西省9种主要土壤类型的216个土样的光谱反射曲线和土壤有机质含量为数据基础,将光谱反射曲线进行一阶微分d(R)、倒数对数log(1/R)、倒数对数一阶微分d[log(1/R)]和包络线去除N(R)4种变换,结合一元线性回归(SLR)、偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)和支持向量机回归(SVR)3种建模方法构建了不同的土壤有机质含量估算模型。结果显示:不同类型土壤的反射光谱曲线总体态势基本一致,吸收特征位置基本相同,且土壤有机质含量与光谱反射率呈负相关态势;基于d [log(1/R)]光谱变换构建的SVR估算模型精度最高,建模集和验证集的判断系数(R~2)分别为0.9210、0.8874,验证均方根误差(RMSE)为2.18,相对分析误差(RPD)达到2.8751,是估算陕西省土壤有机质含量的最优模型,PLSR次之,SLR最差。