Accuracy of genomic prediction using imputed whole‐genome sequence data in white layers

There is an increasing interest in using whole‐genome sequence data in genomic selection breeding programmes. Prediction of breeding values is expected to be more accurate when whole‐genome sequence is used, because the causal mutations are assumed to be in the data. We performed genomic prediction for the number of eggs in white layers using imputed whole‐genome resequence data including ~4.6 million SNPs. The prediction accuracies based on sequence data were compared with the accuracies from the 60 K SNP panel. Predictions were based on genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) as well as a Bayesian variable selection model (BayesC). Moreover, the prediction accuracy from using different types of variants (synonymous, non‐synonymous and non‐coding SNPs) was evaluated. Genomic prediction using the 60 K SNP panel resulted in a prediction accuracy of 0.74 when GBLUP was applied. With sequence data, there was a small increase (~1%) in prediction accuracy over the 60 K genotypes. With both 60 K SNP panel and sequence data, GBLUP slightly outperformed BayesC in predicting the breeding values. Selection of SNPs more likely to affect the phenotype (i.e. non‐synonymous SNPs) did not improve the accuracy of genomic prediction. The fact that sequence data were based on imputation from a small number of sequenced animals may have limited the potential to improve the prediction accuracy. A small reference population (n = 1004) and possible exclusion of many causal SNPs during quality control can be other possible reasons for limited benefit of sequence data. We expect, however, that the limited improvement is because the 60 K SNP panel was already sufficiently dense to accurately determine the relationships between animals in our data.     

提高拖拉机覆盖件模具曲面加工精度的研究

通过拖拉机覆盖件模具的加工,分析了CAM软件在进行覆盖件模具数控程序设计时,影响曲面加工质量的相关因素;从刀具、加工方法、进退刀方式和切削参数等方面介绍了提高曲面加工精度和采取的改进措施。     

影响内齿轮主要加工精度的因素分析

内啮合齿轮传动广泛地应用于机械传动装置中。但因内齿轮受加工方法的限制,其加工精度直接影响到齿轮传动的质量。本文以直齿内齿轮加工为例,从工艺系统的角度分析影响内齿轮加工精度的原因,并提出了提高内齿轮加工精度的措施。     

Comparison of selection methods among and within full-sibling progenies in Urochloa humidicola

Hybridization in the Urochloa humidicola breeding programme allowed to explore the genetic variability of the apomictic sources and, thus, to obtain new sexual and apomictic parents with compatible ploidy and/or superior progenies. However, given the high variability arising from crosses, there is a need to adopt efficient selection strategies among and within progenies. The aim of this study was to compare the selection methods among U. humidicola progenies with (t-BLUP) and without (BLUP) the weighting based on prediction error and subsequent selection within progenies by individual simulated (BLUP_IS) or optimal individual BLUP. We evaluated seventy-one U. humidicola full-sib progenies from biparental crosses between nine sexual and ten apomictic parents. The experiment was set up in an incomplete block design with 64 blocks of 15 plots each, consisting of individual plants. Seven consecutive cuts were made and the traits total dry-matter, leaf dry-matter and regrowth scores were measured. Genetic variance was expressive for all traits. The selection procedure among progenies of U. humidicula based on t-BLUP proved to be more advantageous regarding the use of BLUP not weighted by the prediction error, resulting in higher selection gains, taking as reference the optimal procedure of the individual BLUP. Furthermore, the use of BLUP_IS allowed an optimized selection of hybrids, allowing the breeder to explore with variable selection intensity the genetic variability within the selected full-sib progenies based on relative genetic merit.     

Hybrid breeding for biomass yield in winter triticale: II. Combining ability and hybrid prediction

Accurate hybrid prediction and knowledge about the relative contribution of general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) are of utmost importance for efficient hybrid breeding. We therefore evaluated 91 triticale single-cross hybrids in field trials at seven environments for plant height, heading time, fresh biomass, dry matter content and dry biomass. Fresh and dry biomass showed the highest proportion (23%) of variance due to SCA. Prediction accuracies based on GCA were slightly higher than based on mid-parent values. Utilizing parental kinship information yielded the highest prediction accuracies when both parental lines have been tested in other hybrid combinations, but still moderate-to-low prediction accuracies for two untested parents. Thus, hybrid prediction for biomass traits in triticale is currently promising based on mid-parent values as emphasized by our simulation study, but can be expected to shift to GCA-based prediction with an increasing importance of GCA due to selection in hybrid breeding. Moreover, the performance of potential hybrids between newly developed lines can be predicted with moderate accuracy using genomic relationship information.     

基于主被动遥感技术的地表覆被类型变化检测方法——以新疆西天山国家级自然保护区为例

旨在研究主被动遥感结合的地表覆被变化监测方法,使用高分数据和哨兵1号数据分别代表被动和主动遥感,对新疆西天山国家级自然保护区地表覆被变化情况进行检测,进而对得出的林地、草地、建筑物检测结果进行联合分析,最终得到主被动遥感联合变化检测结果。通过实地精度检验对主被动遥感联合变化检测结果进行验证。结果表明,该方法的变化检测结果精度达到90%以上。说明结合主动遥感和被动遥感既能克服天气的影响,又能在检测中保留光谱和纹理等丰富的信息,变化检测的精度较高;主被动遥感联合变化检测可以较为快速、准确地掌握地表覆被类型的变化,能够在一定程度上减少被动遥感数据的云量困扰。并且该方法在林地和建筑物上有较高的敏感性,适合森林自然保护区的森林变化和建筑监测。     

固定样地用于中分辨率遥感影像解译精度的研究

在总结了中国森林资源连续清查体系现状的基础上,以吉林省第7次森林资源连续清查固定样地资料和吉林省TM遥感影像为基础,对固定样地调查结果与遥感影像分类结果进行了对比,并采用点对点匹配法,分析了固定样地作为遥感影像解译标志时的精度.结果表明,采用固定样地调查与遥感影像分类调查森林资源总体精度较高,森林覆盖率误差仅为-1.04%,而点对点匹配检验时森林类型误差达到52.99%.     

影响简易瞬态工况法(VMAS)测量精度因素分析

控制在用车的排放已经成为共识,国家标准规定了几种在用汽车排放的测量方法,简易瞬态工况法(VMAS)是其中之一.给出了简易瞬态工况法(VMAS)检测设备系统的组成和测量原理,从设备自身、被检车辆、人为因素、燃油品质和周围环境等几个方面分析了影响简易瞬态工况法(VMAS)测量精度的因素.     

提高天然气流量计量的准确度

叙述了天然气计算技术的现状及发展趋势,分析了孔板流量计在天然气工业应用中存在的问题,指出了提高天然气流量计量准确度的措施,提出了解决孔板开孔直角入口边缘尖锐度钝化和测量范围窄等问题的新思路。     

泛第三极典型地区土地利用和水保措施解译精度分析

[目的]进行泛第三极典型地区抽样单元土地利用和水土保持措施遥感解译精度评价,提高高分辨率影像的解译正确率,分析解译结果的区域代表性。[方法]于2018—2019年在中国西藏、泰国清莱和巴基斯坦地区分别选取9个、18个、15个抽样单元进行野外调查。以野外调查的土地利用结果作为参照,通过混淆矩阵、土地利用变化转移矩阵分析基于Google Earth影像进行土地利用和水保措施判读的精度;通过与参考数据集土地利用结构的对比,分析解译结果的区域代表性。[结果]①3个典型样区土地利用解译精度较理想,总体分类精度在80%以上,平均kappa系数分别为0.74,0.75和0.82;②与野外调查结果相比,3个典型样区水土保持措施解译结果比较理想;③遥感抽样解译的结果与GLC 30 m,GLC 10 m数据集的土地利用结构相似度较高。[结论]基于高分影像解译土地利用类型和水土保持措施的结果与野外调查的结果一致性较好,且符合参考数据集的土地利用结构,抽样单元遥感解译结果对于土地利用的宏观特征结构有较好的区域代表性表达。