花椒不同部位提取物抑菌活性及果蔬发病率研究

以花椒壳、籽、叶三个部位提取物为供试材料,研究其抑菌活性及对果蔬发病率的影响。采用滤纸片法检测花椒不同部位提取液对大肠埃希菌、沙门氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性,通过组织分离法从常见果蔬中分离得到4株病原菌,初步鉴定为曲霉属、青霉属和链格孢属,对分离所得病原菌进行花椒提取物抑菌活性检测。花椒壳提取液的抑菌效果明显高于花椒籽和叶,其中花椒壳提取液对沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有良好的抑菌活性,MIC分别为125 mg/mL、62.5 mg/mL。花椒壳、籽、叶对曲霉属、青霉属和链格孢属均有明显的抑菌作用,花椒壳抑菌效果最强,平均抑菌率在90%以上,经过花椒壳提取液处理后,果蔬发病率显著降低。结果表明花椒三个部位提取物具有良好的抑菌作用,可作为候选天然植物抗菌剂资源。     

不同衬质处理对椿叶花椒种子活力的影响

乔木树种椿叶花椒是一种生长迅速,出油率高的材油两用树种。为了提高种子的发芽率,对种子作了10种衬质处理,并测定其脱氢酶活性和a 淀粉酶活性。结果表明,用0.5%的Zn处理6d效果最好,其次为25%PEG和500×10-6GA3。     

顶坛花椒育株和不育株的形态鉴别和结构研究

分析和比较了顶坛花椒育株和不育株在营养器官形态和结构上的区别。结果表明:育株茎颜色浅紫色,皮刺基部呈圆锥形,叶面油腺点数多于不育株,叶片下表皮气孔器周围细胞排列较不育株规则;不育株茎颜色淡绿色,皮刺基部呈棱锥形,刺尖较育株短,绒毛的分布较育株多而密,茎中分泌腔数多于育株,下表皮气孔器数量明显多于育株。     

甘肃省主要花椒栽培品种综合评价初探

采用灰色关联度分析法对甘肃省主要栽培的16个花椒品种的表现进行分析，并作出综合评价，结果为武都的六月椒、秦安的秦安1号出2个品种综合表现较好，可在陇南、天水大力推广。可为生产推广应用提供科学依据。     

花椒苗会理施肥及苗木氮磷含量的研究

试验结果表明,氮肥是影响花椒苗生长发育的主要因素。合理施肥可使花椒苗体内氮含量提高,氮磷比值(N/P)保持较高水平。幼苗氮含量达到5.04％,N/P接近20.当磷肥和有机肥用量多时,氮含量和氮磷比值下降,幼苗生长不良。比较好的肥料用量配比为硫酸铵〔(NH_4)_2S0_4〕152g/m~2+过磷酸钙〔Ca(H_2PO_4)_2·H_2O+CaSO_4·2H_2O〕92g/m~2+有机肥10kg/m~2,明显提高了苗木产量和质量.     

花椒春夏高接换优技术试验

针对花椒春季硬枝嫁接时间较短的现状,在花椒春季硬枝嫁接的基础上开展了嫩枝高接换优试验,有效地解决了硬枝嫁接接穗不能长时间贮藏的问题.通过春夏2个季节嫁接改进了花椒嫁接技术,延长了嫁接时间,花椒嫁接后减少了花椒皮刺,减少了采摘成本.     

响应曲面法优化青花椒护色工艺

[目的]探索青花椒护色的最佳工艺条件。[方法]选取新鲜青花椒为原料,研究了护色剂、抗氧化剂、pH和杀菌条件对护色的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,选择CuSO4浓度、VC浓度和杀菌时间3个影响较大的因素,以色差值为指标,采用响应面试验优化新鲜青花椒护色条件。[结果]新鲜青花椒的最佳护色工艺为CuSO4浓度550 mg/L、VC溶液浓度1 000 mg/L、杀菌时间20 min。在此条件下处理后的青花椒在第15天的色差为10。[结论]该研究可为青花椒的护色研究提供理论和试验依据。     

Zanthoxylum piperitum (DC), a potential feeding deterrent for mammals: studies with Microtus ochrogaster (Wagner)

Total extract from the fruit of Szechuan pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum DC), the volatile components of the extract and a non‐volatile fraction containing alkylamides (NVA fraction) are feeding deterrents for rats. The present study investigated the effectiveness of these natural repellents in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster Wagner). Two‐choice feeding trials were conducted during which food‐deprived voles were offered choices between oat‐bran wafers. In Experiment 1, 10 voles were given three sets of feeding trials, each 2 h long. Baseline consumption was established during the first set of two trials by offering a choice between two oat‐bran wafers dipped in ethanol, the control solvent. During the second set of two trials the voles were given a choice between an oat‐bran wafer dipped in ethanol and a wafer dipped in Zanthoxylum extract. During the third set the voles were given a choice between a wafer served on top of a screened dish containing a sample of ethanol and a wafer served on top of a dish containing a sample of extract. In this manner the voles were exposed to volatile compounds emanating from the extract but could not contact it. Wafers dipped in extract were almost completely avoided. The volatile components of extract also significantly reduced food intake. In Experiment 2, habituation to the volatile constituents of extract was examined in 16 Zanthoxylum‐naïve voles. Baseline consumption was established by offering two wafers served on top of screened dishes containing ethanol. This was followed by twelve tests during which a choice between a wafer served above a sample of ethanol and a wafer served above a sample of extract was given. The voles failed to habituate to the volatile components of extract, consistently consuming less of the wafers served above extract. In Experiment 3 a dose‐response curve to Zanthoxylum extract was established, using 12 stimulus‐naïve voles. After baseline consumption was established, the animals were given two tests each, presenting a choice between a control wafer and a wafer dipped in a dilution of extract (0.001–100 g liter^?1). Only concentrations of 10 and 100 g liter^?1 reduced food intake. In Experiment 4 the effects of the non‐volatile fraction of extract were compared to those of whole extract. Vegetable oil was used as solvent. Eight stimulus‐naïve voles were given two tests with a choice between an oil‐dipped and an extract‐dipped wafer. A second group of eight voles received two tests with a choice between an oil‐dipped and NVA‐dipped wafer. Extract‐dipped wafers were avoided, but the NVA fraction had no effect on food consumption. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同地面覆盖对花椒冠层光能分布的影响

在陕西凤县大田生产条件下研究了种植三叶草、覆膜和覆秸秆3种地面覆盖方式对8 a生花椒林冠层光能分布的影响。结果表明,在树冠层,随高度升高,太阳总辐射、净辐射增加,地面反射辐射减小。各覆盖处理树冠下表面太阳总辐射与对照差异显著,覆膜、种植三叶草和覆秸秆林地的总辐射分别较对照低13.6%、6.4%和11.3%;树冠下表面接受的地面反射辐射差异最大,覆膜、种植三叶草和覆秸秆的林冠分别较对照高66.3%、21.4%和35.6%,树冠中部接受的地面反射辐射明显低于树冠下表面;不同覆盖处理的冠层净辐射垂直分布趋势基本一致,在冠层范围内,净辐射能的分布随高度升高呈指数规律增大。     

Effect of enhanced ultraviolet-B on allelopathic potential of Zanthoxylum bungeanum

The effect of enhanced ultraviolet-B on allelopathic potential of Zanthoxylum bungeanum was investigated. A significant inhibitory effect on germination rate of crop seeds under bioassay was observed at 25 g l⁻¹ and 50 g l⁻¹ by extracts from Zanthoxylum leaf both treated with enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation and untreated control. Medicago sativa and lettuce were more sensitive than radish to the extract from Zanthoxylum leaf treated with enhanced UV-B radiation, as the germination rates of M. sativa and lettuce were significantly reduced compared to control at 25 g l⁻¹ and 50 g l⁻¹, and so did alfalfa at 12.5 g l⁻¹. However, as for radish (Raphanus sativus) there was no significant reduction in germination rate at any concentration under bioassay compared to control. Content of UV-B absorbing compounds and total phenols in Zanthoxylum seedlings responded positively to enhanced UV-B radiation. The results suggest that the allelopathic potential of Z. bungeanum was generally improved under enhanced UV-B radiation.