Genetic parameters for semen production traits in Swiss dairy bulls

Variance components (VC) were estimated for the semen production trait ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and sperm motility in the Swiss cattle breeds Brown Swiss (BS), Original Braunvieh (OB), Holstein (HO), Red‐Factor‐Carrier (RF), Red Holstein (RH), Swiss Fleckvieh (SF) and Simmental (SI). For this purpose, semen production traits from 2,617 bulls with 124,492 records were used. The data were collected in the years 2000–2012. The model for genetic parameter estimation across all breeds included the fixed effects age of bull at collection, year of collection, month of collection, number of collection per bull and day, interval between consecutive collections, semen collector, bull breed as well as a random additive genetic component and a permanent environmental effect. The same model without a fixed breed effect was used to estimate VC and repeatabilities separately for each of the breeds BS, HO, RH, SF and SI. Estimated heritabilities across all breeds were 0.42, 0.25 and 0.09 for ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and sperm motility, respectively. Different heritabilities were estimated for ejaculate volume (0.42; 0.45; 0.49; 0.40; 0.10), sperm concentration (0.34; 0.30; 0.20; 0.07; 0.23) and number of semen portions (0.18; 0.30; 0.04; 0.14; 0.04) in BS, HO, RH, SF and SI breed, respectively. The phenotypic and genetic correlations across all breeds between ejaculate volume and sperm concentration were negative (?0.28; ?0.56). The other correlations across all breeds were positive. The phenotypic and genetic correlations were 0.01 and 0.19 between sperm motility and ejaculate volume, respectively. Between sperm motility and sperm concentration, the phenotypic and genetic correlations were 0.20 and 0.36, respectively. The results are consistent with other analyses and show that genetic improvement through selection is possible in bull semen production traits.     

Relationships between Longevity and Linear Type Traits in Holstein Cattle Population of Southern Africa

Relationships between longevity and linear type traits were estimated using data on 34,201 cows with lifetime information and linear type scores. The longevity trait considered was the number of lactations initiated and the linear type traits were rump height, body depth, angularity, rear udder height, fore udder attachment, udder depth, fore teat placement and fore teat length. Fixed effects included in the models were herd year, season of calving and herd-date of classification-classifier and days in milk. Age at first calving and age at classification were included as linear and quadratic covariates. Heritability estimates were low for longevity and moderate for most type traits except rump height and fore teat length. All the phenotypic correlations between longevity and the linear type traits were slightly positive (0.01 to 0.09) except the relationships with rump height and fore teat length which were -0.01 and -0.02, respectively. Genetic correlations between longevity and udder traits as well as angularity were moderate to high and positive (0.22 to 0.48). The only notable negative genetic correlations were longevity with body depth and fore teat length (-0.15 and -0.07, respectively). The genetic correlations suggest that selection for udder traits and angularity should improve longevity in the Holstein cattle population.     

正反反复选择下近交对褐壳蛋鸡饲料利用率和繁殖性状的影响

本文估计了褐壳蛋鸡洛岛红(AA)和浅花苏赛克斯(BB)在正反反复选择(RRS)下的近交系数,分析了近交对选择标准饲料利用率及其相关性状和繁殖性状的影响。试验群体由两纯种及其正反交组合和相应的对照组组成。经过7个世代的RRS和近交试验,试验组AA和BB(括弧里为对照组1AA和1BB)用系谱材料计算出的平均累积近交系数分别为2.58％和3.23％(9.33和8.17%)或每代为0.43%(1.35%),用有效群体含量估计出的AA与BB的相应数值为2.91％与2.83％(5.84%与5.92％)或每代为0.42％(0.86％)。1％近交系数导致的孵化率和饲料利用率的近交衰退较严重(0.5％和0.4％),其次是产蛋性状(约0.3％),而体重和蛋重只有0.1％左右。在本研究中,通过连续7代的RRS与合适的留种率等措施,成功地将闭锁群体的近交系数控制在3%以下的低水平,消除或减轻了近交对饲料利用率等重要经济性状的不利影响。     

人工三倍体桑品种丰田16号叶果经济性状的中试研究

以优质、高产、抗逆性强,果用性状好为引种育种目标,从引进品种中筛选出若干优良的叶果兼用桑品种,其中人工三倍体桑品种丰田16号的中试结果表明:与标准二倍体对照种荷叶白相比,全年单位桑园面积产叶量增加29.8%,桑叶养蚕的万头蚕茧层量提高6.5%,100kg桑产茧量提高8.1%;与三倍体叶果兼用桑品种大10相比,单位桑园面积产果量增加9.5%,产叶量提高24.7%,表现出三倍体桑叶片肥大,桑果大,生长旺盛,品质优,抗性强等优良特性,是一个叶果综合经济性状和抗逆性良好的高效桑品种。     

不同品系杜洛克后代商品猪胴体性状的比较分析

为研究不同品系杜洛克作为终端父本对其后代商品猪胴体性状的影响,选取214和108头分别由美系和加系杜洛克公猪配种、出生时间相近(±2 d)和体重相近(35±5 kg)的后代三元商品猪进行育肥饲养,结束饲养后开展屠宰试验,测定背膘厚度、眼肌厚度、瘦肉率和肋骨数.结果显示:加系杜洛克商品后代的背膘厚度、眼肌厚度显著(P<0...     

青藏高原老芒麦落粒性及农艺性状相关性研究

为探究青藏高原地区抗落粒老芒麦种质的筛选及落粒率与农艺性状的关系,以15份采自青海不同地区的老芒麦种质资源为研究对象,对老芒麦的落粒率和农艺性状进行了变异分析、相关性分析、主成分分析、回归分析和聚类分析.结果表明:1)15份老芒麦资源自然落粒率存在明显差异,其中17-124的落粒最严重,平均落粒率为56.92％.以17...     

云南半细毛羊不同发育阶段皮肤毛囊性状的发育规律研究

本研究选择了 58只母羔 ( 38只单羔、2 0只双羔 ) ,分别于初生、断乳、6月龄、周岁时采取皮肤样品 ,采用横切和纵切连续切片法 ,在皮脂腺水平上观测皮肤毛囊群结构及毛囊性状发育规律。结果表明 :云南半细毛羊皮肤毛囊群结构为三元型 ,毛囊群呈长椭园形 ,皮脂腺较发达 ,毛囊较少弯曲 ,生长方向一致。毛囊性状初生时与断乳、6月龄、周岁时差异极显著 (P <0 0 1 ) ,其余各年龄段间除皮肤厚度和真皮层厚差异显著 (P <0 0 5)外 ,其余差异都不显著 ,说明毛囊性状在断乳 ( 4月龄 )时已基本稳定 ,断乳时的毛囊性状即可代表周岁时的毛囊性状。初生、断乳、6月龄、周岁时的皮肤总毛囊数 (个 /mm2 )分别为4 7 4 4± 7 73、2 9 0 0± 6 4 9、2 9 2 9± 6 4 2和 2 9 79± 6 0 7,S/P值分别为 3 52± 0 91、6 0 0± 1 1 3、6 6 3± 0 95和 7 39± 1 2 6。单双羔在毛囊发育上有不同 ,这种差别差异不显著 ,但数量上的差异一直持续到断乳     

哈萨克牛四种蛋白多态与体尺性状关系的分析

哈萨克牛 Tf、Ptf、Alb和 Pa等 4个蛋白位点分别有 4、2、2和 3种表型 ,分别受 3、2、2和 2个共显性等位基因支配。应用最小二乘法拟合线性模型 ,研究 4个蛋白位点的基因型与哈萨克牛体尺性状间的关系 ,结果表明 ,在胸深性状上 ,Tf AE型的 LSE值显著高于 Tf DE型的 LSE值 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;在胸围性状上 ,Tf AE型的 LSE值极显著高于 Tf DE型的 LSE值 ( P<0 .0 1 ) :对于胸深性状 ,Ptf AA型的LSE值显著高于 Ptf AB型的 LSE值 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;在腰角宽性状上 ,Alb AA型的 LSE值显著高于 Alb AB型的 LSE值 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;对于臀端高性状 ,Pa AA型的 LSE值极显著高于 Pa AB型的 LSE值 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ;对于十字部高性状 ,Pa AA型的 LSE值显著高于 Pa AB型的 LSE值 ( P<0 .0 5 )     

山东地方鸡种屠宰及体尺性状的比较分析

本试验随机选取相同环境条件下饲养的170日龄汶上芦花鸡、济宁百日鸡和莱芜黑鸡各30只,测定其屠宰性能和体尺性状,并进行品种间的比较分析。结果表明,170日龄的活体重济宁百日鸡为1532.03 g,莱芜黑鸡为1431.20 g,汶上芦花鸡为1369.83 g;莱芜黑鸡的屠体率、半净膛率、全净膛率和腿比率值均为最高,且与其他品种间存在显著（P＜0.05）或极显著（P＜0.01）差异;3个地方鸡种的肌肉pH在宰后15 min至宰后24 h内均呈下降趋势,各时期pH均符合正常肌肉要求范围。肌内脂肪含量以济宁百日鸡最高,剪切力和肌内脂肪含量均以汶上芦花鸡最低;各品种的体型特征比较接近,胫围和髋骨宽以汶上芦花鸡最小,莱芜黑鸡最大。     

延边黄牛MYH3和MYH8基因多态性及其与生长性状的关联分析

本研究旨在探索延边黄牛肌球蛋白重链3（MYH3）和肌球蛋白重链8（MYH8）基因多态性及其与生长性状的关联性,应用DNA直接测序法和高分辨率熔解曲线分型技术对120头24月龄延边黄牛MYH3、MYH8基因的遗传变异进行分析,并结合延边黄牛生长性状数据进行了关联分析。结果显示,在MYH3基因的29602748位点检测到一处T>G突变,包含2个等位基因：T和G,存在3种基因型：TG、TT和GG;在MYH8基因的29406042位点检测到一处C>T突变,包含2个等位基因：C和T,存在3种基因型：CT、CC和TT。关联分析显示,MYH3基因29602748位点T>G突变显著影响24月龄延边黄牛十字部高和腰角宽,表现为GG基因型十字部高显著高于TT基因型（P<0.05）,腰角宽显著高于TT和TG基因型（P<0.05）。MYH8基因29406042位点C>T突变显著影响24月龄延边黄牛体重和胸围,表现为CT和TT基因型体重显著高于CC基因型（P<0.05）;TT基因型胸围显著高于CC基因型（P<0.05）。本研究结果表明,MYH3、MYH8基因多态性与延边黄牛的部分生长性状相关,可作为现代肉牛育种中分子标记辅助选择的候选基因。