Characterization of mutations in the two-component histidine kinase gene that confer fludioxonil resistance and osmotic sensitivity in the os-1 mutants of Neurospora crassa

Osmotic-sensitive (os-1) mutant alleles in Neurospora crassa exhibit resistance to dicarboximides, aromatic hydrocarbons and phenylpyrroles. We have previously reported that the os-1 mutants can be classified into two groups based on their resistance to fungicides and osmotic stress: type I, which are highly resistant to iprodione and fludioxonil but moderately sensitive to osmotic stress, and type II, which are highly sensitive to osmotic stress but moderately resistant to fungicides. To explain the mechanism of resistance to these fungicides, we cloned and sequenced the mutant os-1 genes that encode putative osmo-sensing histidine kinase. Within the os-1 gene product (Os1p), the type I strains, NM233t and Y256M209, carried a stop codon at amino acid position 308 and a frameshift at amino acid position 294, respectively. These mutation sites were located on the upstream of histidine kinase and the response regulator domains of Os1p, strongly suggesting that type I strains are null mutants. The null mutants, NM233t and Y256M209, were highly resistant to iprodione and fludioxonil; thus Os1p is essential for these fungicides to express their antifungal activity. The amino acid changes in Os1p, 625Pro from Leu, 578Val from Ala, and 580Arg from Gly were found in the type II strains, M16, M155-1 and P5990, respectively. Os1p is novel in having six tandem repeats of 90 amino acids in the N terminal. Each amino acid change of the type II strains was located on the fifth unit of six tandem repeats. Type II strains with single amino acid changes were more sensitive to osmotic stress than the null mutants (type I), indicating that the amino acid repeats of Os1p were responsible for an important function in osmo-regulation.     

塔里本盆地北部全新世地层中的孢粉组合与古环境

通过对塔里木盆地北部全新世地层中２７块样品的孢粉分析，根据其组合特征并结合表土花粉分析，本区全新世以来除了塔里木河中游隐域性植被成分随着河流改道变化频繁外，两侧显域性的早生、超旱生荒漠植被成分无明显变化，它们的生境反映了气候环境总的形势是持续干旱的。但全新世地层中孢粉种属和丰度的变化，蒿属、藜科和麻黄花粉相对数量的增减也说明了在干旱背景中本区气候有微弱的干湿波动，表现为全新世早期和晚期气候偏凉湿，中期气候干暖，但干暖期鼎盛阶段略湿。     

小麦根腐镰刀菌鉴定及其生物学特性

１９９１－１９９４年对山东省１１县市的小麦根腐病标样进行病原分离培养及致病性测定，鉴定出６种镰刀菌，有黄色镰刀菌（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍ ｃｕｌｍｏｒｕｍ（Ｓｍｉｔｈ Ｓａｃｃ）、禾谷镰刀苏（Ｆ ｇｒａｍｉｎｅａｒｕｍ Ｓｃｈｗ）、尖孢镰刀苏（Ｆ ｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍ Ｓｃｈｌ）、串珠镰刀苏（Ｆ ｍｏｎｉｌｉｆｏｒｍｅ Ｓｈｅｌｄ）茄病镰刀苏（Ｆ ｓｏｌａｎｉ（Ｍａｒｔ） Ｓａｃｃ）及木贼镰刀菌（Ｆ ｅｑ     

播期对油菜"两优586"生育、产量及抗性的影响

研究了播期对油菜"两优586"生育、产量及抗性的影响。结果表明:在江西宜春,"两优586"的最佳播期为10月8日,适宜播期为10月1日～10月15日,产量可达1792.50～1929.75kg/hm2,生育期适中(190d左右),单株有效角果数较多,为345个左右,且抗性较强,发病率低于15%,倒伏率低于10%。     

黄伞子实体营养成分分析

对黄伞子实体中主要营养成分、氨基酸、矿质元素及维生素含量进行了测定,并对其营养性价值进行了分析。结果表明,黄伞子实体中粗蛋白质、粗纤维和灰分的含量较高,但粗脂肪含量较低,并含有多种维生素和矿质元素。黄伞子实体中还含有氨基酸、多糖、麦角固醇等多种生物活性物质。     

Fat-Tailed Sheep Traits as Affected by Docking

The literature mostly indicates that docking fat-tailed lambs initially reduces growth but that post-weaning growth and feed conversion efficiency then increase. The amount of fat deposited, the total separable lean meat to fat ratio and the meat quality all increase, while the percentage of bone in the carcase either decreases or does not change in the carcases of the docked lambs. Wool growth and characteristics are, in general, not affected and reproductive traits in ewes and lambs are improved by docking. The rectal temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate are decreased following docking. The concentrations of immunoreactive beta-endorphin and cortisol in the plasma and the incidence of foot stamping and restlessness, as indicators of stress, increase after docking. Other constituents of the blood are not significantly altered following docking or by the methods of docking. Docking of fat-tailed sheep using rubber rings at one day of age can be recommended. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

微卫星标记与丝羽乌骨鸡产蛋性能的关系研究

从鸡的遗传图谱中选择9个与产蛋性能相关的微卫星基因座,对在产蛋性能上有明显差异的丝羽乌骨鸡个体共170只进行标记基因型与产蛋性状的最小二乘分析,结果表明：有4个标记G31913、X82867、Z95315、G01672与丝羽乌骨鸡的4个月连产蛋量、开产蛋重及500日龄产蛋量间存在显著的关系。标记G31913中基因型AB所对应的开产体重最小二乘均值与其它基因型的对应值间的差异达显著或极显著,开产蛋重间无显著差异。标记Z95315的基因型CC所对应开产蛋重、开产体重最小二乘均值最高,并且均显著高于其余8种基因型所对应的开产蛋重、开产体重最小二乘均值。标记G01672基因型为EE、AE所对应开产蛋重最小二乘均值与基因型为CE、CC的对应值间差异显著;等位基因E与开产蛋重有显著正相关,等位基因C与开产蛋重有显著负相关。标记X82867基因型CD所对应500日龄产蛋量最小二乘均值显著低于AB型,4个月连产蛋量、300日龄产蛋量也低于基因型为AB个体。研究表明,标记G31913的基因型AB和标记Z95315的基因型CC有望作为开产蛋重、开产体重早期选择的辅助标记。     

鸡GDF-5基因外显子1多态性与鸡骨骼发育性状的相关研究

根据GenBank发表的鸡GDF-5基因的mRNA序列设计引物，以白耳鸡和东北农业大学选育的肉鸡高、低腹脂系第8世代鸡群为试验材料，通过测序和PCR-SSCP的方法进行SNP检测和基因型分析，探讨GDF5基因多态性与鸡生长和骨骼发育性状之间的关系。结果发现在GDF-5基因外显子1的84bp处存在1个C／T的突变位点，对该突变位点在研究群体中进行基因型分析，结果产生3种基因型，AA型个体的基因序列和GenBank（Accession No：AF123389）中的一致为C，而BB型个体的基因序列在84bp处突变为T。基因型与鸡体组成性状的统计分析结果表明，AA基因型个体的跖骨围显著高于AB基因型个体（P〈0．05）；AA基因型和AB基因型个体的跖爪重和跖爪率显著高于BB基因型个体（P〈0．05）；AB基因型个体的股骨长和股骨重显著高于BB基因型个体（P＜0．05）；表明该基因对鸡的骨骼性状有较大的影响或与控制骨骼发育性状的主效基因相连锁。     

MC4R基因主效位点在中外猪种中的遗传多样性及其与生长肥育性状的关联性分析

采用PCR-TaqI-RFLP技术,检测了9个中国地方猪种、3个外来猪种和1个培育猪种的612个个体及白色杜洛克×二花脸资源家系418头F2个体在MC4R基因D298N主效位点的遗传变异,统计分析了MC4R基因型与日增重、腹脂率及肩、胸、腰、臀部膘厚等生长肥育性状的关联性。结果表明:(1)G等位基因在中国地方猪种、长白和杜洛克中呈高频分布,而大白和南昌白猪具有高频率的A等位基因;(2)GG基因型个体的胸、腰、臀部膘厚较AA基因型和AG基因型个体厚,GG基因型个体的240日龄重、至240日龄平均日增重大于AA基因型个体,GG基因型个体的腹脂率高于AA基因型个体,差异显著。试验结果进一步验证了MC4R基因对猪生长肥育性状的影响效应。