损伤与邻近健康复叶槭植株内脱落酸和茉莉酸含量变化

该研究以复叶槭 (Acernegundo)为材料 ,用GC MS检测了人为机械损伤 2、3、5、9、2 4、4 8h后损伤叶片、同株未受损伤叶片、邻近健康植株上的叶片中脱落酸 (ABA)及茉莉酸 (JA)的含量变化情况 .结果表明 ,损伤均可引起 3种叶片中ABA、JA含量增加 ,证明植物体受伤后 ,在损伤部位产生的某种原初信号分子启动了体内的防御系统 .这种防御反应不仅在受损伤的植株体内发挥作用 ,而且可通过空气中的某种物质传递到邻近的健康植株 ,引起邻近植物产生抗性 .     

茉莉酸在胡杨细胞耐盐性中的作用

以胡杨悬浮培养细胞为材料,研究茉莉酸在细胞抗盐性中的作用.经100 mmol/L NaCl处理3 d,部分胡杨细胞发生质壁分离.NaCl处理的同时加入10-3mg/L茉莉酸(jasmonic acid, JA)处理3 d,罕有细胞发生质壁分离,说明JA在一定程度上可以缓解NaCl对胡杨细胞造成的渗透胁迫.经10-3mg/L JA和100mmol/L NaCl分别处理培养,两处理悬浮培养的细胞内的可溶性蛋白发生了明显变化.JA处理诱导出60,40,30,26和24 kD蛋白,NaCl处理诱导出分子量约为88,68,60,50和33 kD蛋白表达量增加.二者均诱导出了60 kD蛋白,此蛋白的出现可能与胡杨细胞渗透胁迫有关.     

复叶槭机械损伤后不同时间挥发物释放规律的研究

研究了复叶槭在损伤后不同时间挥发物的释放规律。结果表明:己二酸二甲酯、丁二酸二异丁酯、乙酸-3-己烯酯、6-甲基-5庚烯-2酮、蒈烯、苯骈噻唑、苯甲酸和吲哚等挥发物是复叶槭遭受机械损伤后被诱导合成的,这些物质在复叶槭中可能具有直接防御、间接防御和作为报警信号分子在植株间传递伤害信息的功能。     

Effects of Wounding and Exogenous Jasmonic Acid on the Peroxidation of Membrane Lipid in Pea Seedlings Leaves

The changes of malondialdehyde （MDA）, H2O2, and O2^7 content, or the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, ascrobate peroxidase （APX）, peroxidase （POD）, phenylalanine ammonia lyase （PAL）, and polyphenol oxidase （PPO） in pea seedlings （Pisum sativum L.） under wounding and treatment of exogenous jasmonic acid （JA） were investigated. The results showed that the activities of both phenylalanine ammonia lyase （PAL） and polyphenol oxidase （PPO） were significantly increased by wounding and application of JA. The metabolism of reaction oxidative species （ROS） was enhanced, especially O2^7 and H2O2 appeared to rapidly increase. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, APX and POD were also increased. Treatment of JA of 1 or 10 μmol L^-1 could effectively induce plant defense response, and thus decrease the peroxidation of cell membrane lipid. However, high concentration of JA （100 μmol L^-1） resulted in unbalance of metabolism of ROS and promoted the peroxidation of cell membrane lipid. We thus suggested that JA, under the suitable concentration, could induce defense response of pea seedlings to wounding.     

过氧化物酶在棉花对枯萎病抗病性中的作用

分析了氟乐灵（２μｇ／ｇ土）诱发处理及枯萎病菌侵染后棉苗叶片和根茎部不同细胞定位过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性的变化．结果表明：（１）总可溶性ＰＯＤ、胞内ＰＯＤ、胞间ＰＯＤ以及细胞壁结合型ＰＯＤ的活性抗病品种高于感病品种；（２）氟乐灵诱发处理及枯萎病菌侵染可提高棉苗组织中上述五类ＰＯＤ的活性，细胞间隙ＰＯＤ及胞壁结合ＰＯＤ活性上升更为明显；（３）枯萎病菌侵染后经氟乐灵诱发处理并产生诱导抗性的棉苗及抗病品种棉苗中胞壁结合ＰＯＤ活性快速上升，增加幅度大，而感病品种前期无明显增加，后期才有较小幅度的上升．这说明过氧化物酶在棉苗对枯萎病的抗病性及由氟乐灵诱发的诱导抗性中起到重要作用     

壳寡糖诱导和TMV侵染烟草防御酶活性的变化

为了明确壳寡糖诱导烟草对TMV的抗病作用机理,以普通烟为供试材料,用壳寡糖(Chito-oligosaccharide)喷雾处理烟草叶片后再接种烟草花叶病毒(TMV),系统研究了壳寡糖处理对烟草防御酶活性变化的影响。结果表明,壳寡糖喷雾处理普通烟草24 h后再接种TMV,烟草叶片中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性较对照都有明显增加,最高活性高峰分别为空白对照的162.3%,118.4%,265.4%,162.3%,其中CAT和SOD峰值提前。壳寡糖处理后,随着酶活性增强,对TMV的系统诱导抗病性得到表达,其二者具有一定的相关性。     

新型化学杀雄剂EN对甘蓝型油菜的杀雄效果及其应用研究

针对油菜细胞质不育系微粉及配制化学杀雄杂种问题,用新型化学杀雄剂EN对甘蓝型油菜进行杀雄效果试验,研究EN对甘蓝型油菜花器、花粉活力、农艺性状及不育系育性的影响。结果表明,甘蓝型油菜单核期用0．5～0．8μg／mL EN处理杀雄效果最好,全不育株率在95％以上,不育株率100％,对油菜生长发育和农艺性状的影响很小。油菜花药皱缩干秕呈针状、颜色变浅、花丝缩短,花药无花粉或为空秕、畸形的败育花粉。用EN控制细胞质不育系微粉效果明显,使F1代种子纯度提高8％以上。说明该杀雄剂效果好、成本低,是较为理想的新型油菜化学杀雄剂。     

大花水碾压混凝土拱坝构造缝有限

采用三维有限元方法，分析了大花水碾压混凝土拱坝的应力、变形，比较了无诱导缝和设诱导缝对大花水拱坝坝体应力、应变规律的影响。论证了诱导缝设置位置的合理性，并提出设置周边缝的合理范围，为工程设计提出依据和建议。     

γ射线诱发水稻粒色突变体的研究

以350Gyγ射线辐照粳型恢复系K1722干种子,经加代筛选后,获得了粒色分别为红黑色和红褐色的2份有色突变体RK1722-1、RK1722-2。与原亲本相比,2份突变体的生长势有减弱趋势,但未达显著水平;突变体与不育系宁67A配组所得杂种F1的主要农艺性状与对照组合相仿,且所结籽粒均为有色米;简单遗传分析表明,2份粒色突变体均为单基因突变。本文还就利用诱变技术创造粒色突变体和开展有色杂交稻利用等问题进行了探讨。     

Repeated applications of farmyard manure enhance resistance and resilience of soil biological functions against soil disinfection

The effect of repeated application of farmyard manure (FYM) on resistance and resilience of some of soil biological functions was compared between two soils [chemically fertilized soil (CF soil) and chemically and organically amended soil (CF+FYM-soil)]. The impact of chloropicrin and metam sodium disinfection on organic matter (glucose and chitin) decomposition activity and number of ammonia oxidizing bacteria in the soils was measured periodically from just after disinfection to evaluate stability of soil biological functions to soil disinfection. Glucose and chitin decomposition activity and number of ammonia oxidizing bacteria was suppressed by soil disinfection more seriously in the CF soil than in the CF+FYM soil. The decomposition rates recovered in the disinfected CF+FYM soil 2 to 12 weeks after disinfection, but not in the CF soil during 12 weeks incubation. These results demonstrated that soil resistance and resilience of the selected biological functions may be higher in the CF+ FYM soil than in the CF soil. The ratios of fungal and bacterial contribution to glucose decomposition activity were evaluated by the substrate-induced respiration method. Chloropicrin and metam sodium disinfection decreased fungal contribution throughout the incubation period (12 weeks) in the CF soil. A similar tendency was observed in the CF+FYM soil, but the fungal contribution tended to recover more rapidly in the CF+FYM soil than in the CF soil. Repeated applications of FYM may be an effective way to enhance soil functional stability.