日本鳗鲡人工繁殖技术研究最新进展

日本鳗鲡（Anguilla japonica）人工繁殖是至今尚未解决的世界性难题。2001～2003年日本水产综合研究中心在实施政府资助研究专项“生态保护型增养殖体系建设一种苗生产、放流技术开发”期间,对已有40余年研究历史的日本鳗鲡人工繁殖涉及的亲鱼选育、催熟、催产、优质卵判别、仔鱼培育等关键技术进行了比较系统的研究。经过270d培育,于2003年首次成功获得日本鳗鲡白仔鳗苗（体长52．6mm）。本文在主要介绍这一研究成果的同时,概要介绍我国在这一领域的最新研究进展,希望能为我国的日本鳗鲡人工繁殖研究提供参考。     

The Potential of Artemia-mediated Delivery of a Gonadotropin- releasing Hormone Analogue to Induce Ovulation in the Cardinal Tetra (Paracheirodon Axelrodi)

Artemia-mediated delivery of a gonadotropin- releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) to broodstock cardinal tetras showed the potential to induce ovulation, as assessed by manual stripping. Exposure of the Artemia to the GnRHa for between 30 and 60 min was optimal for inducing ovulation while shorter and longer periods showed a trend to a decreasing percentage of ovulating fish. Further research on this method is warranted as the method could be applied to other fish species.     

犬肾传代细胞HGPRT缺失株的诱变

应用８－氮鸟嘌呤（８－Ａｚａｇｕｉｚｉｎｅ），通过大剂量追加细胞法、剂量递增法和紫外线预先照射交替培养法，区获得９株犬肾传代细胞系（ＭＤＣＫ）抗药细胞（剂量分别为２０μｇ／ｍＬ和５０μｇ／ｍＬ），经ＨＡＴ系统敏感性试验和６－巯鸟嘌呤抗性鉴定，其中有８株为犬肾传代细胞ＨＧ－ＰＲＴ缺失突变株（ＭＤＣＫ／ＨＧＰＲＴ＾－）。该突变株细胞Ｇｉｅｍｓａ染色后呈卵圆形，核呈圆形，８３世代细胞（ＭＤＣＫ８３／ＨＧ     

蛹虫草多糖对四氯化碳诱导大鼠原代肝细胞损伤的保护作用研究

蛹虫草是一种药用真菌。从人工培养的蛹虫草中提取蛹虫草多糖(CMPS),采用Ⅳ型胶原酶灌流法分离大鼠肝细胞进行原代培养,研究蛹虫草多糖对CCl4诱导大鼠原代肝细胞损伤的保护作用。结果表明:蛹虫草的子实体和基质都含有丰富的多糖,其中基质中的多糖含量最高,约为子实体的2～4倍;CMPS可明显降低由CCl4诱导的损伤肝细胞培养上清液中谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)的活性水平和丙二醛(MDA)的含量水平,显著提高由CCl4诱导的损伤肝细胞培养上清液中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和诱导损伤肝细胞的存活率。试验结果提示CMPS对大鼠原代培养肝细胞损伤有直接保护作用,该作用可能与其抗氧化作用有关。     

A caution for conservation stocking as an approach for recovering Atlantic eels

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Preovulatory serum estradiol concentration is positively associated with oocyte ATP and follicular fluid metabolite abundance in lactating beef cattle

Cattle induced to ovulate a small, physiologically immature preovulatory follicle had reduced oocyte developmental competence that resulted in decreased embryo cleavage and day 7 embryo quality compared with animals induced to ovulate a more advanced follicle. RNA-sequencing was performed on oocytes and their corresponding cumulus cells approximately 23 h after gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) administration to induce the preovulatory gonadotropin surge suggested reduced capacity for glucose metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation in the cumulus cells and oocytes from follicles ≤11.7 mm, respectively. We hypothesized that induced ovulation of a small, physiologically immature preovulatory follicle results in a suboptimal follicular microenvironment and reduced oocyte metabolic capacity. We performed a study with the objective to determine the impact of preovulatory follicle diameter and serum estradiol concentration at GnRH administration on oocyte metabolic competence and follicular fluid metabolome profiles. We synchronized the development of a preovulatory follicle and collected the follicle contents via transvaginal aspiration approximately 19 h after GnRH administration in lactating beef cows (n = 319). We determined ATP levels and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in 110 oocytes and performed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry metabolomic studies on 45 follicular fluid samples. Intraoocyte ATP and the amount of ATP produced per mtDNA copy number were associated with serum estradiol concentration at GnRH and time from GnRH administration to follicle aspiration (P < 0.05). mtDNA copy number was not related to follicle diameter at GnRH, serum estradiol concentration at GnRH, or any potential covariates (P > 0.10). We detected 90 metabolites in the aspirated follicular fluid. We identified 22 metabolites associated with serum estradiol concentration at GnRH and 63 metabolites associated with follicular fluid progesterone concentration at the time of follicle aspiration (FDR < 0.10). Pathway enrichment analysis of significant metabolites suggested altered proteinogenesis, citric acid cycle, and pyrimidine metabolism in follicles of reduced estrogenic capacity pre-gonadotropin surge or reduced progesterone production by the time of follicle aspiration.     

油菜核盘菌对戊唑醇的敏感性及室内抗药性诱导

为了探明油菜核盘菌对戊唑醇的敏感性,对68株油菜核盘菌的戊唑醇室内敏感性进行了试验.同时通过室内诱导获得抗药性突变株,并分析了突变株的菌丝生长速率、产菌核能力及戊唑醇靶标酶基因,为戊唑醇的应用及其抗药性风险评估提供基础数据.结果表明,2016年和2018年从安徽、湖南、湖北、四川采集的68株油菜核盘菌对戊唑醇的EC50...     

落叶松毛虫对兴安落叶松6种挥发物的触角电位反应

利用触角电位技术(EAG)测定了落叶松毛虫未交尾雌蛾、已交尾雌蛾、未交尾雄蛾对R型α-蒎烯、S型α-蒎烯、罗勒烯、S型β-蒎烯、水芹烯、莰烯等6种兴安落叶松挥发物的触角电位反应.结果表明:不同生理状况的落叶松毛虫对6种挥发物的7个浓度的EAG反应中,除对0.1 μg·μL-1水芹烯的EAG反应值是未交尾雌虫＞已交尾雌虫＞未交尾雄虫外,对水芹烯的其它不同浓度以及其它挥发物的EAG反应值均是已交尾雌蛾＞未交尾雌蛾＞未交尾雄蛾.未交尾雌、雄蛾的EAG反应差异显著(P＜0.05),已交尾雌蛾与未交尾雌、雄蛾之间差异极显著(P＜0.01),表明已交尾雌蛾对寄主植物气味更为敏感.落叶松毛虫未交尾雌蛾、已交尾雌蛾、未交尾雄蛾对水芹烯的EAG反应均比较敏感.在暗周期内已交尾雌蛾与未交尾雄蛾的活跃期在20:00-4:00,与其羽化、交尾、产卵期一致.     

杨树Na+/H+反向运输蛋白基因(PtNHX1、PtNHX6)的克隆和检测

Na /H 反向运输蛋白基因(NHX)是在细菌、植物和动物体内普遍存在的一类膜蛋白基因家族.迄今已在模式植物拟南芥中分离出AtNHX1、AtNHX2、AtNHX3、 AtNHX4、 AtNHX5和 AtNHX6共6个成员,并发现部分成员对盐胁迫有不同程度的响应.以AtNHX1和AtNHX6的cDNA核苷酸序列为信息探针, 基于可利用的杨树EST数据库和毛果杨全基因组测序结果,通过电子杂交辅助的克隆技术,从毛白杨形成层cDNA中分离得到长度分别为1 635 bp和1 709 bp的2个cDNA,其分别含有编码544个和526个氨基酸残基的完整开放阅读框. 由它们所推导的蛋白质序列与拟南芥、水稻、小麦和玉米的NHX1和NHX6基因的蛋白质序列高度同源, 同源性分别为79%、76%、69%和74%以及82%、82%、27%和26%, 故将其命名为PtNHX1和PtNHX6(GenBank 注册号分别为AY660749和AY832912).Southern 杂交分析表明, PtNHX1和PtNHX6均为低拷贝基因(或有一些高度同源的基因),在杨树基因组中以1 ～ 4个拷贝形式存在.组织特异性RT-PCR结果显示, PtNHX1和PtNHX6基因在杨树根、茎和叶片中均有表达,但其表达模式稍有不同:PtNHX1在根部、形成层、未成熟木质部、成熟叶和嫩叶中均高度表达,在韧皮部和成熟木质部中有少量表达,而PtNHX6在根部、成熟叶和嫩叶中表达丰度较高,在韧皮部、形成层、未成熟木质部表达丰度较低,在成熟木质部中表达丰度极低.NaCl诱导的杨树叶片差异表达RT-PCR检测结果初步表明,PtNHX1和PtNHX6基因均受盐诱导表达,当溶液中NaCl浓度在100～400 mmol·L-1内,随着盐浓度的提高,PtNHX1和PtNHX6基因的表达丰度逐渐增强,但超过400 mmol·L-1后,其表达丰度均有所降低,这与所测定的叶片ABA含量匹配.     

2-酰氨基苯并噻唑-7-甲酸甲酯类化合物的合成及其抗病诱导活性

以3-氨基苯甲酸为原料,经酯化、关环、酰基化等反应合成了22个未见文献报道的2-酰氨基苯并噻唑-7-甲酸甲酯类化合物,其结构经过IR、1H NMR和元素分析确认。初步的生物活性测定结果表明:在1 000mg/L浓度下,部分化合物对黄瓜灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea具有一定的离体抑制活性,抑制率为60%~73%;化合物Ⅲ-4、Ⅲ-13、Ⅲ-19、Ⅲ-20的活体抑菌活性(抑制率)分别为83.0%、65.0%、88.9%和74.8%,均高于相应的离体活性,表现出一定的抗病诱导活性。