Floral attractants for the female soybean looper, Thysanoplusia orichalcea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

BACKGROUND: The soybean looper, Thysanoplusia orichalcea (F.), is a polyphagous insect pest of vegetable crops. Indonesian in origin, it has spread to Europe, India, Africa, Australia and New Zealand. The identification of an attractant for female T. orichalcea could enable the development of alternative pest management strategies to those provided by insecticides or sex pheromones, which are often only attractive to males. RESULTS: Traps baited with synthetic lures derived from Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., floral volatiles attracted female T. orichalcea. Phenylacetaldehyde, a floral compound attractive to many Lepidoptera and present in C. arvense, was tested alone as an attractant for the soybean looper and caught significantly more female than male T. orichalcea. Trap catch was greatest when phenylacetaldehyde was combined with five prevalent volatiles present in C. arvense headspace collections: 2‐phenylethyl alcohol, methyl salicylate, dimethyl salicylate, benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol. Twice as many female moths as males were collected. CONCLUSION: Successful trapping of female T. orichalcea in either a lure‐and‐kill or a mass trapping system may offer an effective way to manage its population size. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

月季RcHSP17.8 基因表达提高大肠杆菌对非生物胁迫的耐性

 月季RcHSP1718为编码小分子热激蛋白基因, Southern检测其在月季基因组中为多拷贝存在。38 ℃/3 h热激处理后, 该基因在耐热月季品种‘曼海姆宫殿’ ( Schloss Mannieim) 、‘彩虹’ (Radio) 、‘赌城’ (Las Vegas) 、‘梅郎随想曲’ (Caprice de Meiland) 、‘小女孩’ ( Girl) 中强表达, 而在不耐热品种‘新十全’ (Kordes’Perfecta) 、‘绯扇’ (Hiogi) 、‘莱茵黄金’ ( Pfalzer Gold) 中弱表达或不表达, 表明该基因与月季耐热性关系密切。为确定月季RcHSP1718基因功能, 将其转化E.coli BL21, 结果表明重组菌株能正常诱导表达包含RcHSP17.8的融合蛋白, 并因此提高了重组菌株对高温、低温、高盐、高pH、重金属、氧化等非生物胁迫的耐性, 表明RcHSP17.8参与了上述非生物胁迫的响应。     

BTH对厚皮甜瓜抗病性的诱导作用研究

在大棚内使用植物抗病性诱导剂BTH75μg.mL^-1用药2次,对甜瓜白粉病和细菌角斑病防治效果可达60％左右,BTH用药50μg.mL^-1,或仅用药1次,则效果较差。BTH对采后病害也具有良好的防治作用,驻采后处理可推迟发病1－2周,抗病性诱导剂BTH用量少,无环境污染,防治效果好,是一种具有广泛应用前景的新型植物病害防治剂,本文首次报道了BTH对甜瓜白粉病,细菌角斑病和甜瓜采用病害的防治作用。     

植物理化复合诱变育种技术研究进展

在收集近年来大量植物理化复合诱变育种报道资料的基础上,提出了4种理化复合诱变育种类型,分析了复合诱变育种的研究特点及趋势,指出了复合诱变育种存在的问题,并提出了相应的建议。     

A Stably Transgenic INA Enterobacter cloacae for Control of Insect Pests

Using the minitransposon pMini-Tn5 and the ice-nucleation active (INA) gene of iceA, a suicide recombinant plasmid pTnice1 was constructed, which has the ability of broad-host-range conjugal mobilization and integration of iceA into chromosomal DNA of many gram-negative bacteria by Tn5 transposition.We used this plasmid to integrate the iceA into chromosomal DNA of Ent. cloacae and obtained the transgentic strain Enc1. 2022ina. In this transgenic Ent. cloacae, iceA would never be transferred elsewhere through transposition, and constantly expressed high ice nucleation activity even in the absence of antibiotic pressure.The transgenic strain was ingested by corn borer larvae. Over the 7 d after ingestion, the mean supercooling points (SCPs) of the larvae was about 10℃ higher than those of larvae treated with distilled water (control).The maintenance of these high SCPs was related to the stable gut colonization of transgenic strain. At 6th day post ingestion, the larva was exposed at - 5 or - 7℃ for 12 h, the percentages of larvae frozen to death were 85and 100%, respectively. In contrast, none or a small proportion of control larvae was frozen to death under the same conditions. Further studies demonstrated that this transgenic strain bore weak epiphytic ability.Therefore, this genetically engineered strain may be a promising candidate for control of insect pests in agricultural fields.     

海藻渣复配微生物菌剂防治黄瓜苗期枯萎病的协同增效作用

海藻渣资源化高效利用对环境保护具有重要意义.通过比较海藻渣与棘孢木霉菌剂、解淀粉芽胞杆菌菌剂单一和复配使用对黄瓜苗期枯萎病的防效和寄主防御反应的影响,明确海藻渣和复合菌剂协同增效作用.结果表明,1％海藻渣+3.0×105 cfu/g棘孢木霉菌剂+2.0×108 cfu/g解淀粉芽胞杆菌菌剂(T1)拌土处理对枯萎病防效达...     

喷雾诱导基因沉默技术在植物真菌病害防治中的研究进展

植物病原真菌是农业上的第一大病原菌,能够持续性地给全球的作物和果蔬产量带来严重的损失。目前真菌病害的防治方法主要依赖化学农药的大量使用,这也带来了真菌耐药性、食品安全以及生态环境污染等问题,因此开发应对病原真菌的新型绿色防控技术迫在眉睫。喷雾诱导基因沉默（spray induced gene silencing,SIGS）技术是一种通过外源施用双链RNA或小干扰RNA的方式来控制病原体关键靶标基因的生物技术,是农业生产上颇具潜力的新型绿色防控技术之一,目前已经成功应用于多种病原真菌的防控。本文主要综述了SIGS技术原理及其在植物真菌病害防治研究中的研究进展,旨在为开发用于防治植物病原真菌的生物农药提供研究基础。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌LJ02对黄瓜抗灰霉病菌的生防效果及其诱导抗性机理的初步研究

 为了解生防解淀粉芽孢杆菌LJ02诱导黄瓜抗灰霉病菌的防治效果和作用机制,分别测量了LJ02的发酵上清液和菌体悬浮液的诱导持效期、最适使用浓度以及最佳施用方法,并采用荧光定量PCR的方法法测定了LJ02诱导处理后黄瓜根部和叶部组织中分别表达PR1a蛋白、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、几丁质酶、过氧化物酶的抗性基因PR-1、PR-2、PR-3、PR-9的相对表达量。结果表明,LJ02诱导黄瓜抗灰霉病菌的持效期在7 d左右,且原液与100倍稀释液效果最好,灌根施用效果最佳。LJ02发酵上清液可诱导PR-1、PR-3、PR-9的表达,LJ02菌体悬浮液可诱导PR-1、PR-2、PR-3的表达。     

枣实蝇对枣果挥发物的选择行为

[目的]探究对枣实蝇有引诱作用的挥发性物质,研发基于行为调节的防治技术。[方法]采用Y型嗅觉仪测定了枣实蝇成虫对6种枣果挥发物的选择行为反应,并在室内试验的基础上进行田间引诱试验。[结果]室内试验结果显示,枣实蝇成虫对6种枣果挥发物具有显著正趋性。枣实蝇雌虫对棕榈酸乙酯、月桂酸乙酯、肉豆蔻酸的选择率较强,选择率均为30%以上;雄虫对亚油酸乙酯、油酸乙酯的选择率较强,选择率均为25%以上,从不同浓度梯度(原液、10%溶液、1%溶液)的选择率和选择系数来看,随浓度的递减,其选择率和选择系数也在递减,原液的选择率分别为10%溶液及1%溶液的2.5倍及5倍以上。田间试验发现:肉豆蔻酸对枣实蝇雌虫的诱集效果较强,2 d最多诱捕数量为15头·只-1,平均诱捕数量为11.4头·只-1,十四酸乙酯次之。在6种不同挥发物中油酸乙酯和亚油酸乙酯对枣实蝇雄虫的引诱效果较强。经单因素方差分析发现,在6种挥发性物质及混合物中,月桂酸乙酯及十四酸乙酯对枣实蝇雌雄虫的引诱效果之间存在显著性差异。其他挥发物之间无显著差异。[结论]枣果挥发物中棕榈酸乙酯、月桂酸乙酯、肉豆蔻酸与枣实蝇偏爱选择密切相关。在田间试验中:枣实...