Effect of Induced Autotetraploidy on Response to Sclerotinia Clover Rot in Trifolium pratense L.

The effect of induced autotetraploidy on the response of red clover to Sclerotinia clover rot (SCR) was studied under laboratory, glasshouse and field conditions. To assess the response in the laboratory, the detached leaf technique was employed, whereas in the glasshouse and in the field, 6—14 weeks old seedlings and adult plants, respectively, were artificially inoculated with the pathogen grain inoculum. The results of the studies showed that great genotypic variability occurs within diploid (2×)and tetraploid (4×)red clover in response to that disease. Generally, tetraploid red clover, in comparison to diploid, is more resistant to SCR. The laboratory, glasshouse and field experiments showed that the effect of induced autotetraploidy on SCR resistance is positive. The hardening of plant with light and temperature enlarged the differences in reponse to SCR between ploidy levels, family pairs and individual strains with every testing method. Other factors, like plant age and flowering time, influencing red clover response to SCR are also discussed.     

佳多农林病虫害自动测控系统(ATCSP)开发与应用前景

佳多农林病虫害自动测控系统集成了病虫害实时监测预警、预警遥控和频振生物诱控3个子系统,通过信息化管理、自动化控制和无害化防治,为有效解决农林害虫防控依赖化学农药这一世界性难题奠定了技术基础。     

脱涡致振式压电风力发电机性能分析与试验

为满足农业遥感监测系统的供电需求,减少化学电池对水和土壤的污染,提出一种脱涡致振式压电风力发电机,并从理论和试验两方面进行了研究.建立了脱涡致振式压电风力发电机的理论模型,通过仿真分析研究迎风角、压电振子长度及风速对压电振子变形量的影响,并对发电机样机进行了测试试验.结果 表明,不同风速下均存在两个最佳迎风角,使发电机...     

The influence of damage level in Pinus sylvestris foliage on the performance of diprionid sawflies

I tested the presence of rapid and delayed induced resistance in Pinus sylvestris L. by biotests, rearing three species of diprionid sawflies on defoliated and undefoliated trees. I damaged the pines artificially by cutting mature needles with scissors at the beginning of the growing season. Four levels of defoliation were created on the basis of levels of removed needle biomass. Sawfly larval and cocoon weights were retarded and relative growth rates delayed as a result of an increase in damage level. The larval periods were prolonged at most 2–6 days. The response to the damage was partly species‐specific. The needle water content decreased in the following growing season in connection with low and moderate damage and increased at high damage levels. The nutrient contents of the foliage in the damaged and undamaged trees did not differ significantly. The Scots pine showed damage‐induced changes in food quality after extensive defoliation, which affected, via plant, species using the same host.     

树木挥发物对植食性昆虫的诱导抗性

树木挥发物质对植食性昆虫取食，产卵所产生的诱导抗性是树木与昆虫的长期协同进化过程中的必然结果，树木与植食性昆虫之间发展了一套互相调节，自身开拓资源，产生生存对策的复杂相互关系，本文着重阐明了树木与植食性昆虫的互相策略，诱导抗性的生物化学基础以及诱导抗性在调节植食性昆虫种群中的重要性。     

木质素化学改性抑制杨木碱性过氧化氢机械浆返色的研究

中试系统制备了杨木碱性过氧化氢机械浆。分别在水相 /有机溶剂相 /气相等条件下 ,使用乙酐处理杨木化机浆 (原浆及硼氢化钠还原后纸浆 ) ,分别抄造成 60g/m2 纸片 ,测定了不同时间紫外线照射后试样白度。运用返色值 (PCno .)和白度稳定效果 (BSE)等指标评价处理后浆料的光学稳定性。研究结果表明 ,有机溶剂相和气相乙酰化后的纸浆 ,光学稳定性的提高程度取决于乙酐用量和反应时间即乙酰化程度。通过乙酰化 ,可以获取光学完全稳定的杨木化机浆。紫外漫射反射光谱表明 ,杨木APMP机械浆光诱导返色的主要原因是纸浆木质素中羰基和酚羟基团吸收紫外光后变化形成发色结构所致。还原配合纸浆乙酰化处理 ,可能成为防止高得率纸浆返色的工业应用方法     

Electroantennogram responses of Dendrolimus superans (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) to six volatiles of Larix gmelinii

Dendrolimus superans is one of the important pests feeding on the needles of Larix gmelinii. Six standard compounds, (1R)-(−)-α-pinene, (1S)-(−)-α-pinene, ocimene, (1S)-(−)-β-pinene, R(−)-α-phellandrene and camphene, the main volatiles of L. gmelinii were used to test the electroantennogram (EAG) responses of moths. The results show that the order of the EAG responses of moths to seven concentrations of these six compounds were as follows: mated females > virgin females > unmated males, except for 0.1 μL/μL R(−)-α-phellandrene, where the order was: virgin females > mated females > unmated males. There are statistically significant differences between the EAG responses of virgin females and unmated males (p < 0.05), and also between mated females with virgin females and mated females and unmated males (p < 0.01), which suggests that the mated females are more sensitive to the volatiles of host plant. The results of EAG responses of the mated females, virgin females and unmated males indicate that they are more sensitive to R(−)-α-phellandrene than to the other volatile components. The active time for the EAG responses of both mated females and unmated males occurs during the night, i.e., from 20:00 to 04:00 hours. This is consistent with their eclosion, mating and oviposition periods. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2007, 43(7): 55–60 [译自:林业科学]     

落叶松挥发物及7种药剂对兴安落叶松鞘蛾嗅觉和产卵反应的影响

使用7种药剂及筛选出的对雌虫有活性的挥发物成分,喷施到健康落叶松苗上,观察成虫的趋向行为、嗅觉和产卵反应。结果表明:对雌成虫,S-α-蒎烯0.004mol·L-1、S-β-蒎烯0.0004mol·L-1和3-蒈烯0.04mol·L-1有诱引作用(P<0.05);对S-α-蒎烯0.04mol·L-1和月桂烯0.8mol·L-1有显著驱避作用(P<0.01);吡虫啉3000倍液和甲胺基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂2000倍液对鞘蛾有明显驱避作用(P<0.01或P<0.05)。与对照平均每雌产卵量15.79-16.73枚相比,喷施挥发物和7种药剂均能够显著降低鞘蛾在落叶松苗上的产卵量;其中,鞘蛾在喷施水芹烯0.0004mol·L-1和月桂烯0.8mol·L-1的落叶松苗上的平均每雌产卵量最少,分别为5.63枚和5.21枚,喷施阿维菌素和吡虫啉枝时平均每雌产卵量分别为3.13枚和3.33枚。     

苹果绵蚜对不同苹果品种枝条的选择及与挥发物的关系

为探讨苹果绵蚜与苹果树的互作关系,用Y形嗅觉仪测试该虫对不同苹果品种枝条的嗅觉反应,顶空萃取枝条挥发物,并进行GC-MS分析.结果表明:该虫在寄主选择时,能被不同品种苹果枝条气味吸引;对珊夏的趋向性最强,平均选择率为71.25%,其次是短枝富士、乔纳金、腾木1号,平均选择率均在60%以上;对首红的最弱,平均选择率仅为56.75%.珊夏枝条挥发物主要成分(E-3-己烯-1-醇、甲酸己酯)的相对含量(14.74%,9.52%)均多于其他品种;首红枝条挥发物主要成分(4-甲基-1,3-戊二烯、乙酸叶醇酯)的相对含量(16.37%,10.27%)均多于其他品种.初步确定,E-3-己烯-1-醇、甲酸己酯可能是对苹果绵蚜有较强引诱作用的重要物质;4-甲基-1,3-戊二烯、乙酸叶醇酯不是引诱苹果绵蚜的物质.