夏玉米施氮量对后茬冬小麦土壤氮素供应与利用的影响

在冬小麦施氮144 kg/hm2的基础上,研究了夏玉米4个施氮量(0,90,180,270和360 kg/hm2)对后茬冬小麦生长期间土壤硝态氮含量变化、无机氮供应以及小麦氮素吸收与利用的影响。结果表明:与玉米不施氮(简称不施氮)相比,玉米施氮(简称施氮)0~200 cm土壤硝态氮含量在冬小麦生长期间显著增加,自冬小麦拔节起,0~40,0~130和0~200 cm 3层深的土壤硝态氮含量均随着玉米施氮量(简称施氮量)的增加而明显递增;与冬小麦播种时相比,不施氮0~130 cm土壤无机氮减少156 kg/hm2,施氮90 kg/hm2该层土壤无机氮富积41 kg/hm2,且富积量随着施氮量继续增加而递增;随着施氮量增加,冬小麦收获时的植株吸氮量和子粒氮素积累量均增加;当施氮量低于180 kg/hm2时,植物氮素积累量在不同施氮量之间无显著差异;当施氮量低于270 kg/hm2时,不同施氮量的子粒氮素积累量差异不明显。在本试验条件下,冬小麦子粒氮肥利用率随着施氮量增加而递增,但差异不显著。     

限水条件下氮肥用量及施氮时期对冬小麦产量、土壤硝态氮含量的影响

在节水栽培条件下,研究了不同施氮量及氮肥施用时期对冬小麦产量、生育期间土壤硝态氮含量的影响。结果表明,冬小麦施氮处理产量均高于N0,N88.5 69处理产量最高,氮肥生理效率则随施氮量增加而显著降低。开花期以及成熟期各施氮处理0~100 cm土体硝态氮含量均明显高于N0,各生育期0~60 cm土层硝态氮含量均随施氮量增加而增加,开花期各处理2 m土体硝态氮含量达到最高值,成熟期20~60 cm土层相同施氮量(157.5,226.5kg/hm2)均表现为氮肥分次施用处理硝态氮含量高于一次性底施处理(N88.5 69>N157.5,N123 103.5>N226.5)。成熟期土壤硝态氮2 m土体累积量随施氮量增加显著增加,且等量氮肥分次施用显著高于一次性底施。     

冬小麦若干品质性状遗传及相关的研究

F_1的沉淀值、伯尔辛克值介于双亲之间,前者以正向部分显性为主,后者以负向部分显性为主,与中亲值相关显蔟,遗传力高,表明这两个性状在杂交后代易于获得遗传进展。相反,蛋白含量在 F_1出现了各种类型的表现,很难指出以哪种遗传形式为主,与中亲值无显著相关,遗传力低,表明高蛋白育种较难。但在 F_2、F_3中各组合都出现了蛋白含     

镍对蚕豆和冬小麦细胞毒害程度的超微结构观察

用透射电镜观察了镍化合物对蚕豆和冬小麦根端细胞超微结构的影响，结果表明，硫酸镍不同程度地引起蚕豆和冬小麦细胞的损伤。在１５μｇ／ｍｌ浓度下，镍化合物可诱导蚕豆根端细胞核变形，液泡内有凝聚物断续性附着于液泡膜内侧。在相同浓度下，硫酸镍对冬小麦根端细胞内部结构影响较小。在８０μｇ／ｍｌ浓度下，冬小麦细胞液泡有凝聚性变化，质壁有轻度分离。而蚕豆在此浓度处理下，核固缩，核膜崩解，细胞内部电子密度明显升高，结构呈凝聚状，欠清晰，液泡出现凝聚性变化，质壁出现重度分离。以上结果意味着镍化合物对蚕豆的损伤程度要高于对冬小麦的损伤程度。     

土壤水分胁迫对冬小麦耗水规律及产量的影响

在温定盆栽和池栽防雨旱棚条件下，研究了土壤水胁迫对冬小麦耗水规律及产量的影响，结果表明，随土壤水分胁迫加剧，干物质积累减少，子粒千物质来自贮藏同化物的比例上升，产量下降，产量构成三因子中穗粒数，亩穗数下降均极显著，而千粒重下降较少，随水分胁迫加剧，拔节前耗水量占总耗水量的比率增高，从播种到拔节期，耗水量占总耗水量的比例愈高，拔节后植株衰老死亡愈早，产量降低就愈大，中度水分胁迫下，虽然水分生产率和经     

油菜割晒机双曲柄平面五杆拨禾轮设计与试验

为减少油菜割晒机拨禾轮易缠绕和挂禾等问题,提出了一种双曲柄平面五杆拨禾轮机构,建立了该拨禾轮机构的运动学分析模型.根据双曲柄平面五杆机构存在的约束条件,基于编制的拨禾轮拨指运动分析程序,采用人机交互方式得到了一组满足油菜割晒拨禾要求的拨禾轮机构结构参数组合,实现了拨禾轮拨指低速入禾、加速推送、快速出禾和拨指翻转的动作要...     

Comparative forcing of Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Bailer’ as a florist's hydrangea

‘Bailer’ (Endless Summer™) is a new, pink- or blue-flowered hydrangea that flowers on new wood continuously throughout the growing season. It is also winter-hardy in northern, temperate climates (USDA Z4). Use of Endless Summer as a florist's potted hydrangea would provide consumers with a dual-use product (flowering potted plant, landscape shrub). The objectives were to determine if Endless Summer could be forced as a florist's hydrangea using two forcing regimes (immediate, standard), two soil pH regimes, and two pinching treatments. ‘Merritt Supreme Pink’ (pink), ‘Blue Danube’ (blue), and Endless Summer (blue, pink) were forced under immediate (no cold treatment, short- and long-day photoperiods) and standard (6 weeks cold, 4 °C to overcome dormancy) conditions. Since commercial liners were not yet available, cuttings of Endless Summer were used in the immediate forcing experiment. Days to visible flower bud, first color, full flower were recorded, as well as height, no. of branches, no. of flowers, and flower size. In the immediate forcing experiment, only Endless Summer produced flowers. Cultivars differed significantly (P < 0.001) for days to visible flower bud, days to first color, days to full flower, and height. The number of flowers and flower size were not significantly different among pink cultivars. In the standard forcing experiment, Endless Summer reached days to visible flower bud, days to first color, and days to full flower significantly earlier than either comparison, although it exhibited weaker stems and less intense flower pigmentation. Pinching (blue pH) had a significant effect on all traits except the days to full flower and flower size, although no pinching treatment was significant for pink pH. Photoperiod was significant only for the days to visible flower bud (pink pH), days to full flower (blue pH), and final height (blue pH). Further research is needed before Endless Summer can be grown as a dual-use florist's potted hydrangea with acceptable quality.     

液压技术在油菜生产机械中的应用

液压技术在农机中的应用日益广泛,油菜生产机械化装备近几年在国家大力支持下有了较快发展,由于液压技术的优势,在油菜机械装备中也应用越来越多,文章就目前我国油菜生产机械中所应用的液压技术进行了综述和研究。     

冬草莓无土栽培技术的研究

筛选出在长江中下游地区不经人工促进花芽分化处理,在不加温大棚套小拱棚栽培条件下,进行冬季草莓生产的优良品种－丰香、南农０９。这两个品种采用无土栽培,不论水培或基质培均可在 １２月开始上市,陆续采收到翌年 ４月下旬。折合６６６．７ｍ２ 的产量在１０００ ｋｇ以上,品质好、产量高,且灰霉病发病较轻,是比较理想的冬草莓品种。     

天选系列冬小麦品种抗条锈性分析

天选系列冬小麦品种是陇南麦区最重要的冬小麦品种之一,具有抗条锈性强、丰产性好的特点,为陇南小麦条锈病的持续控制发挥了重要作用。为明确13个天选系列冬小麦品种抗条锈性及其所含抗条锈病基因,选用26个国内外条锈菌单孢菌系对其进行苗期、成株期抗病性鉴定,并结合系谱分析进行了基因推导。结果发现,在苗期,天选44号、天选46号和天选50号的抗性谱与已知基因载体品种洛夫林13基本一致,可能含有Yr9及未知抗条锈病基因;天选43号、天选48号和天选51号的抗性谱与已知基因载体品种Moro一致,可能含有Yr10+Yrmor;天选52号、天选53号和天选55号的抗性谱与Line R55基本一致,可能含有Yr26,其余品种抗性谱与已知基因载体品种不一致,初步推测含有未知抗条锈病基因。天选43号、天选44号、天选46号、天选48号、天选50号、天选51号、天选52号、天选53号和天选55号对条锈菌新菌系G22-9和G22-14表现感病,对其余供试小种(菌系)表现抗病;天选47号和天选49号对CYr33、G22-9和G22-14表现感病;天选45号和天选54号对所有供试小种(菌系)均表现抗病。在甘肃省不同生态区的7个试验点进行成株期抗条锈性评价,发现除天选44号、天选45号和天选54号表现抗病外,其余品种均表现感病。