重庆地区柑桔衰退病毒多态性研究

柑桔衰退病毒(CTV)存在着复杂的株系分化现象.在使用弱毒株交叉保护防治柑桔衰退病时需要对田间病毒株系组成进行分析,并对选用的株系进行单蚜分离纯化.作者运用限制性片段长度多态性和单链构象多态性对田间获得的168个CTV样品和2个蚜传毒株的外壳蛋白基因进行分析,了解重庆市田间CTV组群构成情况,发现田间CTV以多株系混合发生为主,其中主要是CP/HinfⅠRFLP第1、3和6组群,约占总数的90%,并以强毒株混合感染为主.甜橙中CP/HinfⅠRFLP的组群构成最为复杂.单头褐色桔蚜从柚类至甜橙传播CTV的效率低(不足1%),该蚜的取食可改变CTV的株系组成.     

Characteristics for Practical Use of Attenuated Isolate UA-Fukushima of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tomato mosaic virus</Emphasis>

L₁₁A-Fukushima (L₁₁A-F) derived from attenuated isolate LuA of Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) has the highest ability to cross protect against virulent ToMV among LuA and its derivatives and is stably inherited. Growth, yield, fruit quality and symptom attenuation of inoculated tomato plants did not differ significantly between L₁₁A-F and L₁₁A. The infectivity of progeny viruses in tomato infected with LuA-F was less than 4% of that with virulent ToMV. From these results, L₁₁A-F appears to possess the properties necessary for practical use. To manage L₁₁A-F strictly, a PCR-based assay to detect trace contamination of virulent ToMV in L₁₁A-F preparations was established. Received 10 June 2002/ Accepted in revised form 30 October 2002     

湖南柑橘衰退病调查分析及弱毒系筛选

 The investigation showed that stem-pitting Citrus tristeza virus (CTV)occurred commonly in citrus production areas in several varieties of Hunan Province. Accurate detection of CTV strains was performed by p23/PCR method, PCR and the results indicated that the most samples were infected with several CTV isolates. Three mild strains were isolated and their pathogenicity was identified by biological identification, it indicated that p23/PCR groups had uniformity with the pathogenicity of CTV isolates. Furthermore, three mild isolates were tested in the cross protection by analysis of biological symptoms and composition of p23 gene. Different protecting effects were observed among these strains and W17 mild isolate was effective.     

小桐子蛋白基胶黏剂的改性研究

在纯碱NaOH和混合碱（Ca(OH)2/NaOH）降解改性小桐子蛋白的基础上,选取交联剂甲醛对小桐子胶黏剂进行改性。结果表明：单纯碱NaOH处理小桐子制备的胶黏剂不具有耐水性,混合碱（Ca(OH)2/NaOH）处理小桐子蛋白胶黏剂具有一定的耐水性。胶黏剂的性能测试和DSC测试结果表明,无论是单纯碱NaOH,还是混合碱（Ca(OH)2/NaOH）处理小桐子,其蛋白的降解程度有限,导致与后续的甲醛交联反应不理想。     

斜插式蔬菜嫁接机砧木夹持机构研制与试验

针对传统嫁接机采用整体式夹持片作为砧木夹持机构无法矫正砧木苗弯曲度而造成砧木苗夹持损伤,夹持力无法调节的缺点,该文以葫芦苗作为试验对象,在分析了葫芦苗结构参数和力学特性的基础上,设计开发了一种应用于斜插式蔬菜嫁接机并通过凸形和凹形夹持片交叉夹紧、夹持机构厚度和夹持力大小可调的砧木夹持机构,并确定了该机构的主要结构参数。试验结果表明,与普通夹持机构相比,该机构对砧木苗具有较好的导向作用,能较好地矫正砧木苗的弯曲状态,夹持成功率达到100%,提高了13.3个百分点,伤苗率仅为1.67%,比普通夹持机构减小了11.63个百分点,所设计的嫁接机砧木苗夹持机构是可行的。该研究可为蔬菜砧木苗嫁接机的设计提供参考。     

荷包红鲤与德国镜鲤正反杂交组遗传结构的微卫星分析

用11对微卫星引物对两个杂交组合（荷包红鲤♀×德国镜鲤♂,德国镜鲤♀×荷包红鲤♂）的遗传结构进行了分析。结果表明：11对引物均能表现很好的多态性,可用作两个杂交组合遗传结构的分析,且得到的MFW 30可以用来鉴别正反杂交组的双亲;正反杂交组多态信息含量（PIC）均值分别为0.5072和0.5359,属高度多态性;子代的有效等位基因数分别为2.6594和2.9211,均大于母本而小于父本;在反交组子代中杂合度为0.9212,要高出双亲,正交组中为0.7515,介于双亲之间,均显示出子代的高遗传变异水平;Hardy-Weinberg平衡的卡方检测发现,正反杂交子代分别有8个和10个位点发生大幅度偏离平衡;双亲间遗传距离正交组为0.2699,反交组为0.3578,显示出能产生杂交优势的潜力且正交组要低于反交组;UPGMA聚类图显示,子代在正交组中与母本近,在反交组中与父本近,两者都提示杂交子代与荷包红鲤的亲缘关系较近。     

杂色鲍群体间杂交的杂种优势分析

杂色鲍（Haliotis diversicolor）是中国南方主要的鲍养殖种类,近年来“东优1号”杂色鲍因较高的成活率优势已在产业上得到越来越广泛的推广养殖.该研究采用3×3完全双列杂交的方式,对杂色鲍“东优1号”群体、杂色鲍古雷群体和杂色鲍越南群体3个群体自繁与杂交后代的养殖性能进行跟踪,并对其杂种优势进行评估.结果表明,3个群体自繁后代的生长速度和成活率上存在显著差异（P＜0.05）,同时3个组合的生长速度与成活率的双亲杂种优势率值均不高,且2个单亲杂种优势率值之间有显著差异（P＜0.05）.     

3株H9亚型禽流感病毒的分离与鉴定

为了获得H9亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)流行毒株并掌握流行毒株的分子特征和致病性,采用病毒分离、血凝性试验、鸡胚半数感染量(EID50)测定、HA基因序列分析、致病性试验、交叉保护性试验等对3份临床疑似H9亚型AIV感染病料进行了研究.结果:3份临床病料样品可引起10日龄SPF鸡胚规律性死亡,3株分离毒株对1％鸡红细胞的凝...