Effect of Phosphorus in Alleviation of Adverse Impacts of Salinity on Wheat Grown on Different Soils

Fertilization management is an important technique to alleviate the adverse effects of salinity stress on plants. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the ameliorative role of inorganic phosphorus (P) and organic P sources on wheat grown under salt stress in three soil types deficient in available P. Wheat (Triticum asetivum L. cv. Shakha 93) was grown on alluvial, sandy, and calcareous soils under salinity levels of 4, 8, and 12 dS m^?1 of saturated paste extract (EC_e) and supplied with constant rate of 30 mg P₂O₅ kg soil^?1 as superphosphate (SP), cattle manure (CM), and 1:1 mixture of SP and CM. The results revealed that plants grown on the sandy soil were more susceptible to the adverse effects of salinity compared with those planted on the alluvial one, especially at zero P. Plants grown on the calcareous soil were moderately affected. Varying soil type caused significant differences in the aboveground biomass and uptake of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), P, and zinc (Zn). It was obvious that P ameliorated wheat growth under salt stress, and this role was greater under moderate and high salinity. The increases in N, P, K, and Zn uptake appeared driven by P application were more conspicuous in the sandy and calcareous soils. Results also indicated that combined application of inorganic and organic P sources surpassed both when applied solely under all soil types and salinity levels.     

麦秸还田及水稻氮肥配施技术研究

通过麦秸直接还田和水稻氮肥配施技术的研究表明 :经过三熟作物秸秆连续还田 ,土壤有机质、全氮、速效钾显著地增加 ;秸秆全量还田 ,水稻产量随秸秆还田量增加而提高 ,秸秆还田量 5 4 0 0 kg/ hm2 的产量比不还田的增产 6 .6 % ;全生育期氮肥配比以前∶中∶后期为 6 .5∶0 .5∶ 3为最佳。     

The association of genes for purple coleoptile with chromosomes of the wheat variety Mironovskaya 808

Summary The association of genes for purple pigment in the coleoptile with the chromosomes of the winter wheat variety Mironovskaya 808 was investigated using monosomic F₂ analysis. The segregation ratio for F₂ hybrids of Chinese Spring monosomics x Mironovskya 808 seems to indicate that the purple colour of the coleoptile is determined by two dominant genes, Rc₃ and Rc₄, which are located on the chromosomes 7D and 6B respectively, and which reinforce each other. Apart from these two genes, suppressors found on the chromosomes 2A, 2B, 2D, 4B and 6A also play a role in the intensity of the purple colour.With the aid of a Chinese Spring telocentric chromosome marker it was observed that the Rc₃ gene is located on the chromosome arm 7DS, at a distance of 16±4.23 crossover units from the centromere.     

小麦新品种鄂恩5号性状表现及栽培要点

小麦新品种鄂恩5号集高产、稳产、多抗、广适于一体,分蘖力较强,成穗率高,穗层整齐,子粒饱满度好,农艺性状稳定,适宜长江中下游平原麦区单作或套作种植,在保证适时播种,密度合适,合理施肥,田间管理到位的条件下可获得高产。     

全株青贮小麦秸秆饲喂肉牛增重效果的试验研究

[方法]采用全舍饲饲喂方式,对改良肉牛开展全株青贮小麦秸秆饲喂增重效果的试验研究。[结果]结果表明,在其他饲养条件完全一致的情况下,用全株青贮小麦秸秆饲喂肉牛,头均增重达18.5 kg,较全株玉米秸秆对照组提高33%,头均盈利358.68元,盈利提高78.76%,经济效益明显。     

Vernalization of immature embryos of winter wheat genotypes

Summary The effect of direct vernalization of immature embryos on flowering was studied in six winter wheat genotypes. Fourteen-, 17-, and 20-day-old embryos were excised and vernalized for 0–6 weeks on synthetic medium during a conditioning period. Percent germination of embryos was high (overall 96.1%), and free from genotypic effects. Genotypes differed for flowering in response to cold treatment of excised embryos. Embryo vernalization was as effective as or more than conventional vernalization (control, seedling vernalization for 6 weeks). Seventeen-day-old embryos were the most responsive to vernalization. With a 5-week vernalization of 17-day-old embryos, the percentage of plants anthesed was higher than those from 14-and 20-day-old embryos. For 17-day-old embryos vernalized for 5 weeks, the mean number of days from culture to anthesis was less than that of 6 week vernalization, less than that of 14- and 20-day-old embryos, and less than controls.Purdue Univ., Agronomy Dept., W. Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.     

两系杂交小麦杂种优势、配合力及遗传距离分析

通过对15个亲本及其不完全双列杂交组配的56个杂种F_1的5个性状进行杂种优势、配合力与遗传距离分析,以研究两系杂交小麦强优势组合的选配规律及其亲本的利用价值。结果表明:(1)5个性状均表现正向中亲优势,其大小顺序为:株粒重>穗粒数>株穗数>千粒重>株高,其中株粒重、穗粒数、株穗数的超高亲优势和超对照优势均为正值;(2)强优势组合的产生是产量构成因素优势相互补充与积累的结果;(3)根据遗传距离的大小,15个亲本可划分为五大类群,不育系与恢复系完全划分为不同的类群;(4)在亲本选配上,选择一般配合力和特殊配合力效应方差综合表现较好、遗传距离中等者为佳。     

小麦白粉病抗病材料的鉴定研究

１９９７－２０００年连续３年,利用陕西小麦白粉病茵模拟病圃混合茵系,对陕西等省新育成的２８０份小麦育种材料进行了苗期与成株期抗病性鉴定,筛选出对小麦白粉病茵高抗－免疫的育种亲本材料１２份,其中高抗材料２份为鉴４４和鉴４７;免疫材料１０份为鉴１９、鉴２０、鉴４０、鉴４６、鉴４９、８８（６０５）－１－５－１－２－２－１、保丰９４－６６、贵农２９和秦８１２０－２３－５－１８。这些材料表现稳定,可供抗白粉     

冬小麦产量与底墒关系分析

该在分析大量试验资料后指出：在黄土高原南部地区，冬小麦产量与播前底墒相关性强，其相关系数在不同施肥水平下，分别为：中肥处理０．６７７；高肥处理０．７４２；单施氮处理高达０．９６０。因而得出不同施肥处理下的底墒与冬小麦产量关系图，可用于冬小麦产量趋势预测及建立数学模型参考。     

条锈病影响下冬小麦叶绿素含量的高光谱估计

叶绿素含量是在小麦长势监测中是非常重要的评估内容，尤其是在小麦受到病害影响的情况下，准确估计其叶绿素含量，有助于合理进行灾害评价。遥感高光谱技术为获取植物的生理参数提供了丰富的数据来源。笔者使用襄樊地区实测获取的受条锈病影响的小麦高光谱数据，利用回归分析的方法建立了受条锈病影响的小麦叶绿素含量与其高光谱的关系模型。经验证，模型有较好的精度。