四种药用植物的核型分析

四种药用植物的核型分析黄少甫赵治芬关键词豪猪刺接骨木芫荽箭舌豌豆染色体数目核型豪猪刺（ＢｅｒｂｅｒｉｓｊｕｌｉａｎａｅＳｃｈｎｅｉｄ．）为小檗科（Ｂｅｒｂｅｒｉｄａｃｅａｅ）小檗属（Ｂｅｒｂｅｒｉｓ）植物，灌木。分布于贵州、湖北、四川等省海拔１０００...     

利用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术对新疆伊犁河水质检测

[目的]研究新疆伊犁河水域的不同位点的水质污染程度。[方法]利用蚕豆根尖微核技术对新疆伊犁河水域的30个水样进行动态监测和评价。[结果]各样点MCN％砑,对照组相比差异极显著（P〈0．01）,30个水样点中有12个水样点无污染（P,值在0～1．5）;10个水样点轻度污染（P,值在1.5～2．0）;8个水样点中度以上污染（H值2．0以上）。[结论]新疆伊犁河水质受到不同程度的污染,部分区域中度以上污染,应及时加以治理。     

Growth Analysis, Herbage and Seed Yield of Certain Forage Legume Species Under Rainfed Conditions

The need to increase forage production for the growing livestock population in the Mediterranean region necessitates the evaluation of various promising forage species with respect to maximum herbage yield, optimum time for harvest and seed yield. Seven forage legumes, woolly pod vetch ( Vicia villosa subsp. dasycarpa accession 683), narbon vetch (V. narbonensis accession 67), common vetch ( V. sativa selections 2541, 2037, 2020), common chickling ( Lathyrus sativus selection 439) and ochrus chickling ( L. ochrus selection 104) were compared over two years with contrasting rainfall. In both years the entries were sown in November and their primary growths sampled periodically during growth. For each sample, phenology, total dry matter, leaf area index (LAI) and, at maturity, total dry matter, seed yield and harvest index, were recorded.
In both seasons, narbon vetch attained the highest dry matter and seed yields, and there was very limited variability in the maximum dry matter yield of the other entries. In general, the maximum dry matter occurred at 20–50 % podding in woolly pod vetch, 100 % podding in common vetch selection 2541 (local), narbon vetch and common chickling and at maturity in common vetch selection 2037, selection 2020 and ochrus chickling.
Throughout the vegetative to early flowering stages, woolly pod vetch had the highest dry matter yield and LAI. Possible uses of each species as animal feed are discussed.     

Genetic Effects on Host × Strain Interaction in the Symbiosis of Vicia faba and Rhizobium leguminosarum

50 Vicia faba lines were inoculated with 4 strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum in all possible combinations under greenhouse conditions in 5 replications. A root-sterile method was used for the cultures. Characters such as plant height, leaf colour, number and colour of nodules, the dry weights of shoot, root and nodules, and the nitrogen content were recorded, after 10 weeks. It was demonstrated by analysis of variance that, for example, for the dry matter of the shoot only 1.9 % of the total phenotypic variance was caused by interaction between Vicia and Rhizobium genotypes, but 24.7 % Was conditioned by the faba bean genotypes and 73.4 % by the Rhizobium strains. Differences of Vicia faba genotypes in their reaction to different Rhizobium strains were detected by joint regression analysis.     

Selection in Faba Bean for Tolerance to Broomrape, Orobanche crenata Forsk.

Six populations of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) were developed through various selection schemes to examine the influence of selection In improving tolerance to Orobanche crenata (Forsk.) in local faba bean stocks. All populations trace their origin to 209 farmers’ seed lots that were collected from Egypt. The entries of each population were grown during the 1982/1983 season in the Orobanche nursery located at Giza in Egypt. Comparison among means of the selected, populations showed that more progress in improving Orobanche tolerance could be achieved from combined selection between and within lots. Between-lots selection was less efficient than single-plant selection. Results, of this study show that considerable progress could be achieved from selection for Orobanche tolerance in local faba bean germplasm. There was sufficient residual genetic variation in the selected populations to expect substantial progress from further selection for most tolerance traits.     

Comparison of some selection procedures and objectives in faba beans (Vicia faba L.). I. direct and index selection for seed yield

Summary Starting with two heterogeneous F₂ populations, each based on 20 cross combinations, different selection procedures were applied for four consecutive selection cycles. Three of the selection procedures involved seed yield per plant (SYP): (i) direct selection for SYP (DSY); (ii) indexselection for SYP (ISY) with plant length, the ratio of the vegetative top to plant length, end of grain filling and duration of the generative stage as auxiliary characters and finally; (iii) independent culling levels selection (ICL) for the index described above and crude protein content. For ICL-selection the attention is focussed on SYP in this paper.For all three selection procedures, predicted and realized responses were calculated and expressed as percentage of a corresponding non-selected population. The intensities of selection differed over selection methods and generations, mostly due to practical constraints.As far as predicted responses are concerned, ISY-selection seemed to be slightly superior to DSY-selection and DSY-selection to ICL-selection. This order may partly be due to differences in selection intensity. However, none of the predictions was very accurate, but the predictions of ICL-selection seemed to be the most accurate. This has been ascribed also to the relative mild selection intensity applied in ICL-selection. It is concluded that a decision in favour of a complicated selection procedure like index selection based on predicted responses only cannot be defended. As far as realized responses are concerned, DSY-selection seems to be slightly superior to the other two selection procedures, as it is the only procedure that resulted in a more or less stable positive response to selection.The auxiliary characters, especially plant length, showed a marked correlated response to all three selection procedures. In case of direct selection for SYP this seemed paradoxical with the inefficiency of index selection, but, it may reflect the differences in the genuine genotypic correlations and the estimated genotypic correlations.     

New Isozyme Markers in Vicia faba: Inheritance and Linkage

Results on the inheritance of 6 enzyme systems: LDH, PGM, FDH, SKD, SOD, AAT from seeds of Vicia faba and the linkage relationships among these isozyme loci are presented. The allozymes at each one of these loci behaved in a codominant manner and segregated in the expected Mendelian ratio. Linkage tests between these loci showed that they segregate independently.     

Genetics of colour traits in common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)

Five parents of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) having orange/beige cotyledon colour, brown/white testa colour, purple/green seedling colour and purple/white flower colour were crossed as a full diallele set. The inheritance patterns of cotyledon, testa or seed coat colour, flower and seedling colour, were studied by analyzing their F₁, F₂, BC₁ and BC₂ generations. The segregation pattern in F₂, BC₁ and BC₂, showed that cotyledon colour was governed by a single gene with incomplete dominance and it is proposed that cotyledon colour is controlled by two allelic genes, which have been designated Ct₁ and Ct₂. Testa colour was governed by a single gene with the brown allele dominant and the recessive allele white. This gene has been given the symbol H. Two complementary genes governed both flower and seedling colours. These flower and seedling colour genes are pleiotropic and the two genes have been given the symbols S and F.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

A xenia effect on number and volume of cotyledon cells and on seed weight in faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

The female line 1709, carrying the recessivecharacter green cotyledon, marker of the embryogenotype, was cross-pollinated by bees in the presenceof either male line HG115 or male line Dial63. In thecomparison of seeds which resulted either fromintercrossing or from selfing, a xenia effect wasobserved on volume and number of cotyledon cells andon individual seed weight which was dependent on themale line. The increase of hybrid seed weight inducedby the small-seeded male line Dial63 was larger thanthe one induced by the large-seeded male line HG115.The xenia effect on seed weight was correlated withthe level of heterosis in the F1 plant's growth.