贵南县禾豆混播及牧草产量测定

贵南县森多乡地格滩地区燕麦 箭菩豌豆混播。试验结果表明，按12．5：5比例的混播牧草每公顷产鲜草31301．55kg，燕麦株高100cm，箭菩豌豆株高58．7cm；比第一小组(12．5：3)增产8．5％，燕麦株高增加1．5cm，箭菩豌豆株高增加8．4cm；比第二小组(10：5)增产8．87％，燕麦株高增加1．7cm,箭菩豌豆株高增加0．7cm。     

4种针叶纯林枯落叶对3种豆科灌草的化感效应

为探讨豆科灌草在针叶人工纯林改造和林草复合植被建设中的可行性,研究了油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)、侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)、落叶松(Larix principis rupprechtii)和樟子松(P.sylvestris var.Mongolica)当年枯落叶经室内混土分解培养后,所获得的枯落叶浸提液对紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)、毛苕子(Vicia villosa)和草木樨(Melilotus officinalis)种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感效应。结果表明,1)油松枯落叶浸提液抑制毛苕子和草木樨种子萌发,对紫穗槐种子萌发以及紫穗槐和毛苕子幼苗生长表现为“低促高抑”;2)侧柏浸提液促进草木樨种子萌发和毛苕子幼苗以及紫穗槐幼根生长,对紫穗槐种子萌发以及草木樨幼苗生长均表现为“低促高抑”;3)落叶松浸提液抑制了紫穗槐和毛苕子种子萌发,促进了草木樨种子萌发和毛苕子幼苗以及草木樨幼根生长,对紫穗槐幼苗生长表现为“低促高抑”;4)樟子松浸提液抑制了毛苕子和草木樨种子萌发以及紫穗槐幼苗地上部生长,促进了毛苕子幼苗和紫穗槐幼根生长,对紫穗槐种子萌发表现为“低促高抑”;5)3种豆科灌草幼苗MDA含量分析结果与其幼苗生长的分析结果一致。MDA含量可能是衡量化感效应的最敏感指标。     

Controls over pollination and ovule fertilization in Vicia faba

Summary Variation in the frequencies of pollination and ovule fertilization was generated among faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes in experiments which compared self-and open-pollination, natural and extended photoperiods, presence and absence of honey bees and a range of plant populations.There was a near-1:1 relationship between the frequencies of pollination of stigmas and the fertilization of at least one ovule within the pistil. Pollination was the major barrier to fertilization of the pistil, and ovules, since no mechanism was evident in the style to prevent pistil fertilization. The frequency with which single ovules were fertilized in pollinated pistils fell as their distance from the stigma increased, and averaged 83.5% overall.The frequency of pollination was most influenced by the level of autofertility possessed by the genotype, and the activity of pollinators. Provision of honey bees to plants in caged plots showed that high levels of pollination could be achieved under open-pollinated conditions, but this was also influenced by autofertility. Increasing plant population in the field had only a small effect on pollination, but extending photoperiod caused the levels and timing of self-pollination in three genotypes to vary.Large differences were found among genotypes in their early stigma receptivity, that is, the frequency of stigmas found to be pollinated at the erect standard stage, prior to the flower opening and being visited by bees. The implications of early stigma receptivity for producing new cultivars were discussed.     

蚕豆和豌豆锈病病原菌的分子鉴定

为明确我国热带和亚热带地区蚕豆Vicia faba和豌豆Pisum sativum锈病的病原菌种类,通过致病性测定和ITS序列系统发育分析对来自我国云南省玉溪市的4份豌豆锈菌分离物及云南、广西、重庆和四川省(区、市)的5份蚕豆锈菌分离物进行系统鉴定。结果显示,分离自豌豆的锈菌WX1分离物对蚕豆和豌豆均具有高致病性,在侵染叶片上产生大量锈子器;分离自蚕豆的锈菌CX3分离物仅对蚕豆具有高致病性,能在叶片上产生大量夏孢子,而对豌豆的致病性相对较低,仅产生少量的夏孢子堆;分离物WX1和CX3对小扁豆和鹰嘴豆不具有致病性。基于ITS序列系统发育分析表明,所有不同寄主来源的蚕豆单胞锈菌分离物均聚类于一个系统发育组,但分离自蚕豆和豌豆的分离物分别聚类在不同的亚组。表明分离自云南省玉溪市豌豆上的蚕豆单胞锈菌Uromyces viciae-fabae应为豌豆专化型,定名为U. viciae-fabae ex P. sativaum,而来源于云南、广西、重庆和四川省(区、市)的蚕豆锈病病原菌为蚕豆专化型U. viciae-fabae ex V. faba。     

Cytogenetic effects of commercially formulated atrazine on the somatic cells of Allium cepa and Vicia faba

In the present study cytogenetic effects of atrazine herbicide, were examined on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa and Vicia faba. Test concentrations were chosen by calculating EC₅₀ values of formulated atrazine against both the test systems which determined to be 30 mg l⁻¹ for A. cepa and 35 mg l⁻¹ for V. faba, respectively. For cytogenetic effects root meristem cells of A. cepa were exposed to 15, 30 or 60 mg l⁻¹ whereas V. faba to 17.5, 35 or 70 mg l⁻¹ for 4 or 24 h. Roots exposed for 4 or 24 h, after sampling, were left in water for 24 h recovery and sampled at 24 h post-exposure. A set of onion bulbs or seedlings of V. faba exposed to DMSO (0.3%) was run parallel for negative control. Treatment of atrazine significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the mitotic index (MI) and induced micronucleus formation (MN) chromosome aberrations (CA) and mitotic aberrations (MA) in both the test systems at 4 or 24 h. Root meristem cells examined at 24 h post-exposure also revealed significant (p < 0.001) frequencies of MN, CA or MA despite considerable decline. Chromosome breaks and fragments were found to be major CA whereas C-metaphase, chromosome bridges and laggards were prevalent MA. Results of our study, indicate that atrazine may produce genotoxic effects in plants. Further, both the plant bioassays found to be sensitive indicators for the genotoxicity assessment as the outcome of majority of in vivo/in vitro mammalian tests are comparable.     

青海高原长期复种绿肥毛叶苕子对土壤氨氧化细菌和氨氧化古菌的影响

为了深入了解青海高原地区麦后复种绿肥,翻压、留茬条件下小麦田土壤氨氧化细菌(AOB)和氨氧化古菌(AOA)数量的响应以及微生物群落结构的变化,基于麦后复种绿肥毛叶苕子9 a定位试验,利用荧光定量PCR、高通量测序技术测定土壤氨氧化细菌和古菌数量及微生物群落结构.结果表明:在复种绿肥毛叶苕子的情况下,翻压绿肥可减施化肥3...     

土壤施硒对蚕豆出苗及生长指标的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了崇礼蚕豆出苗及生长过程中不同指标对不同土壤硒浓度的响应。结果表明,低浓度硒(3.2 mg·kg-1)对蚕豆各出苗指标、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素a+b、叶绿素a/b及产量构成因素有一定的促进作用,但高浓度硒(12.4 mg·kg-1)对蚕豆出苗及生长指标有明显的抑制作用。通过各项指标与土壤硒浓度之间的相关分析及10%抑制率的临界指标EC10值表明,不同指标EC10各异,以出苗势或苗期干重作为蚕豆土壤临界值制定的依据更可靠,EC10分别为4.8和5.2 mg·kg-1。     

4种家用洗涤剂对蚕豆根尖细胞微核率的影响

为探明家用洗涤剂对植物细胞遗传物质的损伤程度及其安全使用提供参考,以优质青皮蚕豆(Vicia faba)为材料,采用蚕豆根尖细胞微核测定技术,研究不同浓度洗衣液、洗洁精、沐浴露和洗发水4种洗涤剂对蚕豆根尖细胞微核率的影响。结果表明:洗衣液、洗洁精、沐浴露在浓度0.10%、0.20%和0.30%,洗发水浓度在0.05%、0.10%、0.20%和0.30%都会不同程度地诱导蚕豆根尖细胞微核的产生,均显著高于蒸馏水处理(CK),其微核率随处理浓度升高而上升,其中洗发水处理组的细胞微核率最高,除浓度0.05%外,与其他3种洗涤剂处理组间差异不显著。4种洗涤剂均对蚕豆根尖细胞产生一定的遗传损伤。     

Variation in Reaction of Faba Bean Lines to Different Accessions of Orobanche crenata Forsk.

Three pot experiments were earned our to investigate the variation among geographic accessions of Orobanche crenata Forsk. in their ability to attack different stocks of Vicia faba L. Orobanche accessions were quite different in their influence on the performance of genetic lines of the host. However, host parasite relationships appeared to be dependent upon environmental conditions. The usefulness or host genotypes for differentiating between parasite accessions was rather limited. The number of Orobanche shoots per host plant does not appear 10 be a precise indicator of host tolerance although it has been frequently used for this purpose.     

蚕豆蛋白的提取及NaCl浓度和pH值对其溶解性和乳化性的影响

蚕豆蛋白富含微量元素和人体必需的8种氨基酸,具有较高的开发价值。采用超声提取和水提取的方法提取蚕豆蛋白,研究了NaCl浓度和pH对蚕豆蛋白提取率、沉淀、功能性的影响。在pH值为8～12,超声提取和水提取均有较高的提取率。蚕豆蛋白的等电点在pH4.0～4.2之间。在pH4溶解性和乳化性最低,pH值在4～12时溶解性和乳化性随pH值的升高而升高, pH值为12时溶解性和乳化性最高。NaCl浓度从0 到 1.0 mol/L,溶解性和乳化性升高;当NaCl浓度继续增加,在pH 4、pH 7溶解性和乳化性随之下降。在相同的NaCl浓度和pH值时,超声提取比水提取蛋白的溶解性和乳化性高。该研究为蚕豆蛋白的提取工艺的确定及其在食品中的应用提供依据。