箭筈豌豆AGAMOUS同源基因及其启动子的克隆和分析

AGAMOUS(AG)是参与植物雌蕊和雄蕊发育调控的最重要花器官同源基因之一。通过TAIL-PCR、RACE和RT-PCR技术相结合,获得了箭筈豌豆花器官同源基因VsAG(VsAGAMOUS)及其上游调控序列。该基因DNA序列总长3 158 bp,CDS区域735 bp,编码含有244个氨基酸残基的蛋白产物。序列在氨基酸水平上与近缘植物豌豆PsAG基因序列一致性达98%,与拟南芥AtAG基因一致性为68%。将该基因在GenBank上注册,登录号为JF313850。生物信息学分析表明,VsAG基因第2内含子区域含有丰富的转录调控元件,在种类和功能分化上与基因上游调控序列表现出相似特征。这一结果暗示了第2内含子对豆科植物AG基因表达调控的重要作用,并为通过基因工程方法创造箭筈豌豆优良育种材料奠定了基础。     

蚕豆种皮的发育生物学 Ⅰ.种皮干物质和单宁的动态变化

研究了6个种皮单宁含量不同的蚕豆品种,发现高、低单宁品种间,在籽粒发育过程中种皮干物质和单宁含量的变化有明显的差异。这个发育过程可分为合成期和分解期。依据品种在单宁合成期和分解期变化的差异,可将蚕豆品种分为四种类型,其中种皮单宁缓慢合成快速分解型是低单宁品种。发育过程中,种皮单宁含量与种皮干物质量呈显著正相关。     

南淝河水体诱变物污染的植物微核监测

采用蚕豆根尖植物微核技术(VMNS),对南淝河水体7个采样点水质情况分别进行了测定.结果表明:除董铺水库水源基本无污染外,其余各点均有不同程度的污染.同时,对选用的大片青皮蚕豆品系的微核百分率(MCN%)及其对阳性诱变剂秋水仙素的敏感性作了测定,证实该品系对诱变剂的反应是敏感的,可作为植物微核监测的试验材料.     

螯合剂对铀镉污染土壤中蚕豆幼苗生理特性影响

通过盆栽试验研究了在不同浓度EDTA、柠檬酸、草酸3种螯合剂作用下不同浓度铀镉复合污染（分别用W1、W2表示）对土壤中蚕豆（ViciafabaL.）幼苗体内叶绿素、丙二醛和细胞质膜透性的影响。结果表明,在所设的两个土壤污染浓度下,较高土壤污染浓度（W2）中植物受损伤程度高于较低土壤污染浓度（W1）中的植物受损伤程度,由此得出较高土壤污染浓度可能更有利于蚕豆对铀镉的吸收;蚕豆的整个生长过程中,对于叶绿素而言,在污染土壤中添加5mg.kg-1的草酸,对其含量影响最大,可能有利于促进蚕豆对土壤中铀和镉的吸收,添加2.5mg.kg-1的柠檬酸次之;对于丙二醛,向污染土壤中添加10mg.kg-1的草酸,对其含量影响最大,可能有利于蚕豆对土壤中铀和镉的吸收,添加2.5mg.kg-1的柠檬酸次之;在细胞质膜透性上,向土壤中添加5mg.kg-1草酸,对其含量影响最大,可能更有利于促进蚕豆吸收土壤中的铀和镉,而添加5mg.kg-1的柠檬酸次之。而EDTA在整个试验中都表现出了对植物较大的生物毒性。     

Germinability of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vicia sativa</Emphasis> L. seeds After 10 Years of Storage in a Base Collection

The germinability of the Vicia sativa L. seed samples in the base collection at the Centro de Recursos Fitogenéticos (Spain) was controlled in 1986 and 1996. The mean germination of the collection, assessed by One-Sample T Test, was higher than 85%, suggesting its viability was properly maintained along the period. However, changes in germination along the same period assessed by Paired-Samples T Test showed a slight decrease in its global germinability. More data on the viability of stored seeds worldwide – including communication of unpublished data – are needed. Viability assays should be performed according to standard, internationally coordinated protocols and statistical analysis, within an adequate documentation system that assures the integrity of accession information.     

Effect of Seeding Rate on Seed and Hay Yield in Common Vetch (Vicia sativa L.)

The effects of six seeding rates (50-300 seeds m^−2:) on some morphological traits with hay and seed yield were evaluated in common vetch ( Vicia sativa L.) under fall and spring sowing conditions. The mutual correlations among yield and yield components were also determined.
The sowing seasons and seeding rates significantly affected hay and seed yield, and most of the yield components. Fall sowings resulted in significantly higher hay and seed yield than spring sowings at all seeding rates, and the highest seed and hay yield was achieved in densities of 250 and 300 seeds m⁻². In spring sowings there was a positive response in hay yield up to 250 seeds m⁻² while no further increase in seed yield at the seeding rates higher than 150 seeds m⁻². Average protein content of hay and seed was found to be higher in spring sown crops than fall. The highest protein yields of hay and seed were obtained at 250 seeds m⁻² in fall sowings, and 150 seeds m⁻² in spring sowings.
Most of the correlations between both hay and seed yields with the yield components were not consistent and differed with the sowing time. Only the correlations between number of the plants per unit area with hay yield, and number of the pods and seeds per unit area with seed yield were statistically significant in both sowing seasons. Close positive associations were obtained between hay and seed yield.     

老化处理对几种牧草种子乙烯释放量的影响

探讨了不同老化处理对紫花苜蓿、光叶紫花苕、老芒麦和苏丹草种子萌发过程中乙烯释放量的影响 ,及乙烯释放量和发芽率的关系。结果表明 :35℃高温、10 %种子含水量条件下 ,不同贮藏时间的老化处理对 4种牧草种子乙烯释放量有显著影响 ,所有供试种随种子劣变 ,乙烯释放量下降 ,且释放高峰推迟。在测定期内 (2 2 h) 2种豆科牧草种子乙烯释放量和高峰出现的时间分别高于和早于 2种禾本科牧草 ;未处理种样平均每百粒种子乙烯释放总量 ,按供试种样计算为光叶紫花苕 (56 .0 nl) >紫花苜蓿 (2 0 .0 nl) >苏丹草 (17.4 nl) >老芒麦(10 .7nl) ,而按发芽种子计算为光叶紫花苕 (6 7.5nl) >紫花苜蓿 (2 5.8nl) >老芒麦(2 2 .3nl) >苏丹草 (2 0 .2 nl)。 4种牧草种子乙烯释放量与发芽率呈极显著的正相关 (p<0 .0 5) ,其决定系数 (r2 )从高自低依次为紫花苜蓿 0 .980、光叶紫花苕 0 .96 0、老芒麦 0 .952和苏丹草 0 .94 1。     

植物激素对蚕豆离体茎段自体嫁接的影响

植物激素的浓度与配比影响着蚕豆离体嫁接系统中砧木与接穗间维管束桥的形成。植物激素浓度低时，没有维管束桥的分化，且易褐变坏死；浓度适宜（ＩＡＡ：ｌｍｇ／Ｌ，ＫＴ：０２ｍｇ／Ｌ）时，砧木与接穗间的维管束可直接连通；浓度继续增高时，只有３０％的嫁接组合有维管束桥的分化，呈分支状分布于茎的棱角处，而其余７０％的嫁接组合砧穗间没有维管束桥的分化，从而使嫁接亲和力下降。     

Effects of Row Spacing, Support Plant Species and Support Plant Mixture Ratio on Seed Yield and Yield Characteristics of Hungarian Vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz)

The effects of row spacing (17.5 or 35.0 cm), support plant species (barley or triticale) and the proportion of crops in mixtures (no support plant or support plant 20, 40 or 60 %, respectively) on the seed yield and yield characteristics of Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz) were investigated. Increasing the row spacing increased the seed yield of V. pannonica from 881.0 to 1248.0 kg ha^?1. On average, in a pure stand the seed yield of V. pannonica was 1141.0 kg ha^?1. In mixtures with barley and triticale, the seed yield of V. pannonica averaged 986.0 and 1143.0 kg ha^?1, respectively. In single mixed stands the seed yield of V. pannonica varied between 551.0 kg ha^?1 (60 % support plant barley) and 1603.0 kg ha^?1 (20 % support plant triticale). The yield advantage of V. pannonica in this triticale mixture was 40 % compared to the V. pannonica pure stand. With respect to the total yield in the mixture with 20 % triticale (1902.0 kg ha^?1) the yield advantage over the V. pannonica pure stand was as high as 65.1 %. In the mixed stands the number of seeds per pod and the thousand‐seed weight of V. pannonica were higher than in V. pannonica pure stands.