苦瓜对8种蔬菜的化感作用

以8种海南主要栽培的蔬菜为受体,采用室内生测法研究苦瓜(Momordica charantiaL.)茎叶水浸提液对其化感作用。结果表明:苦瓜茎叶水浸提液对8种受体植物的种子萌发和幼苗生长均有一定的化感效应,且化感作用方式和强度在受体间及指标间存在显著差异;化感作用综合效应的平均值大小顺序为:辣椒黄瓜豇豆菜豆萝卜樱桃番茄胡萝卜番茄。试验结果为建立合理的栽培制度提供了理论和试验依据。     

围产期奶牛血钙影响因素及其与生产性能关系分析

本试验旨在探究围产期奶牛血钙浓度影响因素及其与生产性能的关系。于2018年7月20日—8月15日对北京地区36头围产期健康荷斯坦牛的血钙浓度进行测定,收集该牛场奶牛生产性能测定(DHI)报告,利用固定效应模型分析不同胎次、体况评分(BCS)、健康状况及血钙浓度变异度对血钙浓度的影响。结果表明:血钙浓度与产后天数存在显著的正向相关关系;经产牛的血钙浓度(1.40 mmol/L)极显著高于初产牛(1.31 mmol/L);不同BCS分组奶牛血钙浓度差异不显著;健康组的血钙浓度(1.41 mmol/L)显著高于患病组(1.30 mmol/L);血钙浓度变异度的大小影响奶牛的产奶量,初产奶牛低变异度组的产奶量(16.70 kg/d)显著高于中变异度组(9.75 kg/d)和高变异度组(5.63 kg/d)。本研究进一步揭示了围产期荷斯坦牛血钙浓度的变化规律以及其影响因素,为预防奶牛产后低血钙症的发生以及制定提高奶牛生产性能的饲养管理策略提供参考。     

黄芪中药种衣剂对黄芪部分生理指标的影响

黄芪为豆科植物膜荚黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bunge)或蒙古黄芪(A.membranaceus(Fisch.)Bunge var.mongholicus(Bunge)Hsiao)的干燥根。针对药用植物黄芪的农艺性状和栽培中遇到的主要问题,开发制备了黄芪专用型种衣剂,对黄芪种子进行包衣,通过田间试验,定期采样,对黄芪的根系活力、叶绿素质量分数、硝态氮、蛋白质、可溶性糖的质量分数进行测定,检验种衣剂对黄芪的这5种生理指标的影响。     

汽车新材料的应用与发展趋势分析

《中国制造2025》的提出，我国的制造业将面临着新的发展趋势，而材料作为《中国制造2025》的重点，也必将在汽车领域有新的发展。由于环保和节能的需要，汽车的轻量化已经成为世界汽车发展的潮流。汽车内饰材料的选择、加工处理工艺等更加注重，传统的橡胶材料、发泡材料、皮革等常用的内饰材料。汽车再生资源回收利用也是一种发展趋势。     

采用铺路毡料防止沥青路面反射裂缝的试验研究

采用土工合成材料防止反射裂缝的试验结果表明:使用铺路毡效果最好,而铺设玻璃纤维格栅由于出现粘结问题,将导致龟裂和孔洞的形成。按照法国L.R.P.C.Autun的评价体系,使用铺路毡的性价比比不用加筋材料的路面高3倍,比使用玻璃纤维格栅的高2倍,铺路毡性价比最高。     

大豆种子寄藏真菌致病性测定方法比较

寄藏真菌可侵染大豆种子,降低种子的萌芽及活力,影响种子的品质和商品等级。为探讨不同接种方法对寄藏真菌致病性的影响,在实验室条件下比较了种子接种法和植株接种法(切顶端接种法、伤口接种法、切茎接种法和下胚轴接种法)对寄藏真菌致病性的影响。结果表明:各方法中寄藏真菌均对大豆产生致病性,并能显著区分寄藏真菌间致病性差异。其中切顶端接种法相比其他3种植物接种方法更简单有效而准确,而种子接种法更适合在室内进行,且周期短,相比植株接种法方便快捷。     

环保包装及环保包装的设计

在当今社会,包装扮演着越来越重要的角色.本文从实际出发,阐述了环保包装的重要性,环保包装是未来包装行业的发展趋势.文章从包装材料、设计等方面进一步阐明了环保包装的设计理念、设计方法,并且明确了作为设计师的职责及作为社会公民应具有环保意识.环保的设计理念必将成为未来包装行业的核心理念,环保、绿色包装是时代发展的必然要求.     

Associations between postpartum diseases and milk yield and changes in body condition between drying off and parturition of dairy cows in Argentina

ABSTRACT

Aims: To assess the change in body condition score (BCS) during the early and late dry periods and its association with postpartum diseases and milk yield in grazing dairy cows from central Argentina.

Methods: BCS assessments during the dry period, and cow health and milk production records up to 90 days in milk (DIM), were collated for cows from 28 farms at monthly visits between 2007 and 2008. Cows were categorised into four groups; those in Group 1 (n=7,067) maintained or gained BCS during the early and late dry periods; Group 2 (n=2,615) maintained or gained BCS during the early dry period and lost BCS during the late dry period; Group 3 (n=1,989) lost BCS during the early dry period and maintained or gained BCS during the late dry period; and Group 4 (n=5,144) lost BCS during the early and late dry periods.

Results: Cows in Group 1 had reduced odds of having retained fetal membranes (RFM), metritis, and clinical mastitis up to 90 DIM than cows in Group 2 (p<0.001), but the odds of disease were similar to cows in Group 3. The odds of having RFM or clinical mastitis tended to be lower in cows in Group 1 than cows in Group 4 (p=0.08). The odds of cows being culled or dying during the first 90 DIM were lower for cows in Group 1 than for those in Groups 2, 3, and 4 (p≤0.05). Mean accumulated milk yield up to 90 DIM was higher in cows in Group 1 than Group 2 and Group 4 (p<0.001), but was similar to that of cows in Group 3 (p=0.28).

Conclusions and clinical relevance: Cows that lost BCS during the late dry period had increased odds of being diagnosed with several postpartum diseases and had decreased milk yield compared to cows that maintained or gained BCS during the entire dry period. Loss of BCS during any stage of the dry period was also associated with increased incidence of culling or death during the first 90 DIM. These results should raise awareness among dairy cattle producers of the importance of properly managing cow body condition during the dry period, especially during the late dry period.     

Agronomic performance of an IR64 introgression line with large leaves derived from New Plant Type rice in aerobic culture

Aerobic culture is a promising water-saving technology in irrigated rice ecosystems, but the vulnerability of plants to fluctuations in soil moisture constrains leaf expansion and yield. The objective of this study was to examine whether an aboveground architecture with large leaves and reduced tillering is associated with vigorous leaf growth in aerobic rice culture. In a series of field experiments, we evaluated the agronomic performance of an IR64 introgression line, YTH323 (IR84640-11-27-1-9-3-2-4-2-2-2-B), with fewer tillers and larger leaves than IR64, derived from New Plant Type rice, under various water and nitrogen conditions. In flooded culture, YTH323 yielded the same as IR64 and 38% more than IR65564-44-51 (a New Plant Type rice) (9.0 vs. 6.6 t ha⁻¹). In aerobic culture, in contrast, it yielded 81% more than IR64 in slightly dry soils (5.1 vs. 2.8 t ha⁻¹). YTH323 had a higher leaf area index than IR64 and IR65564-44-51 under slightly dry soil conditions and under a range of nitrogen conditions. The higher and more stable yield of YTH323 in aerobic culture was attributable to greater early vigor, high specific leaf area, a high ratio of leaf weight to total biomass, and larger leaves, along with the characteristics of high-yield cultivars such as high responsiveness to fertilizers and good grain filling. We conclude that genetic modification of the aboveground architecture of IR64, a typical tropical lowland rice cultivar, to reduce tiller and leaf number improves adaptation to aerobic culture.     

果蔬籽油生物活性研究进展

果蔬籽油是由果蔬籽经压榨或萃取工艺制得的植物油脂。果蔬籽油含有丰富的维生素、多不饱和脂肪酸、有机酸等活性成分,这些成分赋予了果蔬籽油抗氧化、抗癌、调节血脂和调节免疫系统等生物活性。本文综述了果蔬籽油生物活性的研究进展,旨在为果蔬籽油的综合开发和利用提供理论依据和指导。