基于SVM算法的区域农田灌溉短期用水量预测方法

常规方法对区域农田灌溉短期用水量预测时易出现预测数据误差大,预测过程复杂等现象。设计基于SVM算法对区域农田灌溉短期用水量进行预测。以某沿黄区域位于全景属于黄河流域东南方向一区域农田为研究对象,首先基于SVM算法选择用水量特征,选取一对一的构造方法将农田灌溉短期用水量数据分为两个类别。通过SVM算法中支持向量机分类功能将农田灌溉短期用水量特征子集进行获取,并在此基础上可以根据特征子集通过预测模型进行用水量预测。由于用水量序列波动性较强,将GM(1,N)模型与机器学习算法LSSVR模型相结合来进行用水量预测,并确定模型评价指标。结果证明基于SVM算法的区域农田灌溉短期用水量预测方法误差在允许范围内且在农业中具有可使用性。     

不同光照处理下外施营养液和激素对万圣节法师叶色变化的影响[1]

To study the effects of light, external nutrition, and hormones on the color changes of Aeonium aeonium "Halloween" leaves. In this study, the 1-year-old stem cuttings of the Aeonium aeonium "Halloween" were used as materials. The leaves were sprayed with 25mg/L methyl jasmonic acid, 3‰ potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 1‰ calcium magnesium boron mixture for two consecutive times, with an interval of 3 days. The experiment consisted of CK (water control), LS, DS (dark culture for 1 week). After 1 week of treatment, the leaf color parameters and anthocyanin pigment content were measured every 7 days for 6 consecutive weeks. The results showed that the treatment time and method had a significant impact on the leaf color parameters. In terms of brightness value L, as the treatment time extended, all three treatments showed an upward downward upward trend. Among them, the highest value was reached after 2 weeks of treatment, gradually decreased after 3 weeks, and sharply increased again after 6 weeks; In terms of red green saturation a value, after 2-4 weeks of treatment, both LS and DS treatments were significantly higher than CK, and the effect significantly decreased after 5 weeks; Light has a significant impact on a value, with DS treatment showing a significant decrease in a value after one week of shading, and a sharp increase after re lighting; In terms of the b value of yellow and blue saturation, the change in CK value is relatively small with the extension of treatment time, while the fluctuation in LS and DS treatment is significant; In terms of color saturation c value, DS treatment significantly increased with the prolongation of treatment time, and there was no significant change in LS and CK treatment within 1-3 weeks. After 3 weeks of treatment, there was no significant difference between the three treatments; With the extension of treatment time, the anthocyanin content of each treatment showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. After 2-3 weeks of treatment, the anthocyanin content was higher, and gradually decreased after 4 weeks of treatment; Correlation analysis shows that anthocyanin content is highly significantly positively correlated with a and c values, and anthocyanin content is a key factor in the red color of Aeonium aeonium "Halloween".     

利用平原水库实现地表水与地下水联合调蓄的研究——以海河流域东南段为例

海河流域东南段地下水系统调蓄潜力大,调蓄能力强,由于调蓄水源欠缺,地下水的人工调蓄研究停滞不前。研究区近年修建的大量平原水库,为地下水的人工调蓄提供了水源条件。由于单纯依靠平原水库调蓄地表水,不仅侵占大量农田,还将产生诸如水资源浪费、土壤次生盐渍化等环境地质问题。利用地下水巨大的调蓄空间和有利的调蓄途径,凭借一定的回灌工程,将平原水库蓄存的地表水回灌至地下蓄存,同时解决了地下水调蓄的水源问题和地表水调蓄空间、蒸发及其他环境地质问题,是水资源可持续利用的有效途径之一。     

用PCR检测副溶血性弧菌耐热溶血素基因

根据副溶血性弧菌的耐热溶血素基因（ｔｄｈ）设计了２对引物，经聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）检测，所有１８株神奈川试验阳性副溶血性弧菌均呈阳性反应，而６株神奈川试验阴性副溶血性弧菌呈阴性反应，其他９种（３４株）弧菌和８株其他革兰氏阴性菌也呈阴性反应。检测敏感性可达２ＣＦＵ的副溶血性弧菌。     

黄土丘陵区不同植被类型根际微生物群落功能多样性研究

为了解生态恢复过程中土壤微生物功能特征,采用Biolog-Eco微平板法分析了黄土丘陵区人工灌木(柠条 Caragana korshinskii、沙棘 Hippophaer rhamnoides)、人工草地(沙打旺 Astragalus adsurgens、柳枝稷 Panicum virgatum)和天然草地(阿尔泰狗哇花 Heteropappus altaicus、茵陈蒿 Artemisia capillaries)的根际微生物碳源代谢多样性特征。结果表明:柠条、阿尔泰狗哇花和茵陈蒿的根际微生物对糖类的代谢能力显著高于沙棘、沙打旺和柳枝稷;阿尔泰狗哇花和茵陈蒿对氨基酸类、酚酸类和聚合物类的代谢能力较高。茵陈蒿和阿尔泰狗哇花的微生物代谢功能多样性高于其他4种植物。柠条、阿尔泰狗哇花和茵陈蒿具有相似的根际微生物代谢功能。黄土丘陵区植被类型显著影响微生物群落碳源利用能力,天然草地根际微生物群落代谢功能多样性优于人工灌木和人工草地。     

赤峰地区敖汉苜蓿冻害及其防御技术

敖汉苜蓿在赤峰地区受冻害程度有4种类型;全株未受冻;根颈上端受冻受黑,下端仍能再生新芽;全部根颈和根的部分受冻变黑,已不能再生新芽;全株受冻死亡。引起冻害的主要原因是播种期偏晚,在播种当年生长期短,根颈入土浅。结果表明,越冬前苜蓿必须具有2个以上分枝,根颈入土深>5cm以上,根颈膨大,直径>0.3cm以上者方能减轻或避免受冻。适时早播,施种肥,延长生长期促进幼苗生长,在封冻前对平作进行浅耕覆土或深开沟磨平等措施,均能增加根颈保温层,有效提高苜蓿越冬率。     

闽东南天然降雨雨滴特征的研究

该文在实测滴谱资料的基础上建立了闽东南地区雨滴大小分布函数。F=1-exp[-(d/3.58I^0.28)^5.19I0.11]并导出了雨滴中数直径、动能与雨强的关系为D₅₀=3.34I^0.29和E=36.04I^0.29。笔者认为两型对雨滴特征是有影响的。     

Chemical changes of kenaf core binderless boards during hot pressing (I): influence of the pressing temperature condition

Self-bonding is the main factor of the performance expression of binderless boards, and therefore its clarification is considered to be an important issue. For this purpose, a series of chemical analyses were conducted on kenaf core binderless boards and their chemical changes during the hot-pressing process are discussed in this article. First of all, binderless boards were prepared from kenaf core powder at different pressing temperatures (without steam-explosion process) and were used for chemical analyses after they were reduced into powders and extracted with methanol. To investigate their chemical changes, lignin, holocellulose, and neutral sugar contents were determined, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were recorded, and the nitrobenzene oxidation procedure was applied. As a result, it was found that parts of lignin and hemicelullose were decomposed during the hot-pressing process; however, the contribution of the resulting fractions to selfbonding was not observed. In addition, progress of condensation reactions in lignin and the formation of chemical bonds by low molecular weight conjugated carbonyl compounds in methanol extractives were observed. Thermal softening of lignin is also suggested to play an important role in the expression of board performance.     

用最大树种数测度森林群落树种丰富度

目的 试图给出确定森林群落树种丰富度的方法,解决物种丰富度测度问题,完善森林生物多样性研究的方法。 方法 采用Monod模型表达种-面积曲线,通过数学手段确定最小森林群落面积和最大树种数。 结果 用本研究提出的方法对不同气候带森林物种丰富度进行测算,结果表明：热带森林群落具有更高的最大树种数和更大的群落最小面积,物种丰富度随气候带由热带到寒温带逐渐减少。 结论 用最大树种数能够确切表达不同气候带森林群落树种丰富度,克服了现有研究中直接把不同大小调查面积上的树种数量视为树种丰富度的弊端。