Incidence of hybridization between Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and brown trout, Salmo trutta L., in Ireland

The substantial growth of the farmed salmon industry in Europe since the 1970s has highlighted concerns regarding the genetic impact of escaped farmed salmon on wild salmonid stocks. High incidences of salmon × trout hybrids have been recorded in rivers situated near intensive salmon farming in Norway and Scotland, which may be indicative of a breakdown in reproductive isolation between salmon, Salmo salar L., and brown trout, Salmo trutta L. In the present study, salmonid fry and 0+ parr were collected from rivers in western Ireland. Allozyme and minisatellite DNA analysis were carried out on fry to determine the frequency of F1 hybrids from 10 rivers located within 38 km of salmon farms and three rivers at least 80 km from salmon farms. A total of 49 hybrids were recorded from 4135 salmonid fry (frequency = 1.2%). Mitochondrial DNA analysis showed that all hybrids arose from Atlantic salmon female × brown trout male crosses. Hybrid parr were recorded from one of the low-risk rivers (1.0%), but were present in seven out of the 10 catchments located within 38 km of salmon farms, with frequencies ranging from 0.7% to 3.1%. The results of the present survey, which represents the first extensive record of the levels of salmon-trout hybridization in Ireland, are discussed in relation to the continued growth of salmon farming in this country.     

Effect of replacing soybean meal with canola meal on growth,feed utilization and haematological indices of juvenile hybrid tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus×Oreochromis aureus

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with canola meal (CM) on growth, feed utilization, body composition and haematological indices of juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus×Oreochromis aureus). Six isonitrogenous diets containing graded levels of CM (0, 95, 190, 285, 380 and 634 g kg^?1 of diet corresponding to 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% and 100%, respectively, of protein from SBM) to replace SBM on an equal protein basis were fed to triplicate groups of juvenile fish (initial weight=6.3 g). The results indicated that up to 30% of SBM could be replaced by CM without causing a significant reduction in growth performance. Fish fed with diets in which CM replaced over 45% of SBM had a significantly lower protein efficiency ratio and a significantly higher feed conversion ratio than fish fed with other diets. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, protein and phosphorus were lowest for fish fed the CM100 diet. Significant differences in haemoglobin, haematocrit and white blood cell concentration were found in fish fed diets with different CM levels. It is concluded that up to 19.02% CM can be used to replace 30% of SBM in diets for juvenile hybrid tilapia without compromising growth, feed conversion and protein utilization.     

5个杂交彩色棉产量及主要农艺性状比较研究

对5个杂交彩色棉新品种(系)的产量及主要农艺性状进行了比较研究,结果表明,在5个供试品种(系)中,淮棕杂1号生育进程快,农艺性状较好,叶面积大,吐絮期叶面积下降缓慢,干物质积累多,成铃结构合理,优质铃比例高,实产籽棉3 298.5 kg·hm-2,产量与一般白色棉相当,较棕长绒4个品种(系)增产籽棉51.7%～90.1%.     

多旋翼无人机辅助籼粳杂交稻制种授粉研究

水稻是浙江省最主要的粮食作物,而籼粳杂交稻品种已成为浙江省的主要水稻种植品种类型。但籼粳杂交稻制种是一种劳力密集型技术,其中水稻授粉阶段主要依靠人工采用绳索、竹竿或木杆振动父本和自然风力辅助授粉。随着近年来中国农用无人机的发展与研究,为杂交水稻制种辅助授粉机械化提供了可能。以四旋翼无人机为例,通过田间授粉试验、花粉密度观测、结实率测算,考察农用无人机和人工拉绳的授粉效果。结果显示,无人机辅助授粉与人工拉绳相比效果相当,即花粉统计为95个/视野左右,平均结实率为27%左右。但无人机辅助授粉效率是人工的10倍以上,节约50%的人力成本,同时克服种植地形环境等困难,有助于机械化水平的提升。     

麦秸还田与氮肥互作对大穗型杂交粳稻不同部位枝梗和颖花形成的影响

【目的】探讨麦秸还田和施氮量对大穗型杂交粳稻不同部位枝梗和颖花形成的影响。【方法】以大穗型杂交粳稻甬优1540为试验材料,设置麦秸还田（T0：麦秸不还田;T1：麦秸全量还田）和施氮量（N1：施纯氮225 kg·hm^-2;N2：施纯氮300 kg·hm^-2;N3：施纯氮375 kg·hm^-2）二因素试验,裂区设计,秸秆处理为主区,研究稻穗不同部位枝梗与颖花形成规律。【结果】麦秸还田提高大穗型杂交粳稻籽粒产量,但不显著;不同施氮量处理对产量的影响显著,表现为N2＞N3＞N1。大穗型杂交粳稻不同部位枝梗与颖花形成特性因着生部位不同而异。麦秸还田与施氮量对枝梗与颖花形成有显著影响,与T0相比,T1处理显著降低了总枝梗与颖花分化数,但同时显著减少了退化数,且退化数的降幅大于分化数,导致现存数比T0显著增加;麦秸还田对一次枝梗的形成影响不显著,但显著影响了二次枝梗与颖花的形成。3种氮肥水平下,N2处理的总枝梗数、颖花分化数和现存数最高,而退化数率最低,且对一、二次枝梗与颖花的影响均达显著水平。麦秸还田与施氮量存在互作效应,T0N2处理下枝梗和颖花的分化数最高,但T1N2处理下的枝梗和颖花的退化数显著低于其他处理,现存数最高;麦秸还田和不同施氮量处理对上部一、二次枝梗与颖花的影响均不显著,但显著影响了中、下部枝梗与颖花形成,特别是下部二次颖花的分化与退化对总颖花数的形成有较大影响。枝梗及颖花性状与产量关系密切,一、二次枝梗与颖花现存数与产量及每穗总粒数均达极显著正相关; 枝梗与颖花的分化数和现存数与有效穗数和结实率均呈一定的负相关关系,但与千粒重呈显著或极显著正相关。【结论】大穗型杂交粳稻稻穗不同部位枝梗和颖花形成规律有差异;麦秸还田和施氮量对枝梗和颖花形成有显著影响,影响程度因稻穗部位不同而异,中下部和二次枝梗受影响较大;秸秆还田和施氮量存在互作效应,麦秸全量还田和适宜的氮肥水平有利于枝梗和颖花的形成。     

玉米穗部产量性状杂种优势分析

研究了玉米穗部性状的杂种优势,双亲生育期间隔长短与F1穗粒重的关系以及穗部性状亲子相关.结果表明:穗粒重、穗重的杂种优势最大,其次为穗粒数、千粒重、穗长、穗粗,穗行数为最小.F1穗粒重杂种优势与双亲生育期间隔长短无关.杂交种穗粗、穗行数与母本穗粗、穗行数以及中亲值呈正相关,杂交种千粒重与中亲值呈正相关。     

辣椒新品种临椒1号的选育

临椒1号母本94-18是从尖椒22号中经提纯复壮、筛选出的优良自交系,父本94-33是国外引进品种匈奥804经多代自交分离出的优良自交系。该品种生长势强,果实羊角形,基部皱折,果色深绿,纵径23.0cm左右,横径3.0cm,单果质量40~60g,辣味浓。对疫病、病毒病和炭疽病的抗性强于对照尖椒22号。中熟,从定植到始收60d(天),一般每667m2产量2860kg左右,适宜鲜食、制酱。     

抗除草剂谷子杂交种长杂2号高产高效栽培技术研究

采用正交设计,对长杂2号的播期、施肥、留苗密度、种植方式4个因素的栽培技术进行了试验。结果表明,长杂2号在山西省中晚熟区取得高产的栽培方案是:最适播期5月20—25日,公顷留苗30万株左右,采用宽窄行种植方式。     

Feed intake,growth, feed utilization,body composition and waste output of juvenile hybrid bream at different feeding frequencies

An eight‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the feed intake, growth, feed utilization, body composition and waste output of juvenile hybrid bream at different feeding frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, 3 or 4 meals/day). Fish (initial body weight of 10.6 ± 0.8 g) were fed to satiation at each feeding. The test diet contained 336 g/kg crude protein and 79 g/kg crude lipid. The weight gain significantly increased with increase in feeding frequency from 0.5 to 3 meals/day (p < 0.05) and afterwards did not change with feeding frequency from 3 to 4 meals/day (p > 0.05). The feed intake increased with increase in feeding frequency (p < 0.05). Fish fed at 3 meals/day exhibited the lowest feed conversion ratio and waste output of nitrogen and phosphorus, however, the highest nitrogen retention efficiency (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the phosphorus retention efficiency, the body composition of crude protein, ash and phosphorus among all the feeding frequencies (p > 0.05). The body lipid content increased, whereas the content of moisture decreased, with the increase in feeding frequency (p < 0.05). The present study reveals that the optimum feeding frequency is 3 meals/day for hybrid bream.     

杂交鲌"先锋1号"肌肉营养成分分析及品质评价

为探明杂交鲌“先锋1号”与其母本翘嘴鲌(Erythroculter ilishaeformis)(♀)和父本黑尾近红鲌(Ancherythroculter nigrocauda)(♂)的营养品质差异,对三种鲌肌肉营养品质进行了测定和评价。结果显示:杂交鲌水分含量显著高于父本,粗脂肪含量显著低于父本,灰分含量显著低于母本。杂交鲌肌肉的胱氨酸(Cys)含量显著高于母本,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)高于父本。杂交鲌肌肉中十五碳烷酸(C15∶0)、α-亚麻酸(C18∶3)的相对含量显著高于翘嘴鲌和黑尾近红鲌。杂交鲌肌肉硬度显著高于母本,肌肉弹性显著低于父本;铁含量与父本无显著差异,但显著高于母本。结果表明,杂交鲌“先锋1号”肌肉营养成分兼具双亲的优良性状,表现出一定的杂交优势,是一种优质的营养资源。